---
base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
language:
- zho
- eng
- fra
- spa
- por
- deu
- ita
- rus
- jpn
- kor
- vie
- tha
- ara
library_name: transformers
license: apache-2.0
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- multi-agent systems
- multiagent-collaboration
- reasoning
- mathematics
- code
model-index:
- name: m1-32b
  results: []
---

[Two Heads are Better Than One: Test-time Scaling of Multi-agent Collaborative Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.09772)

**M1-32B** is a 32B-parameter large language model fine-tuned from [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.15115) on the **M500** dataset—an interdisciplinary multi-agent collaborative reasoning dataset. M1-32B is optimized for improved reasoning, discussion, and decision-making in multi-agent systems (MAS), including frameworks such as [AgentVerse](https://github.com/OpenBMB/AgentVerse).

Code: [https://github.com/jincan333/MAS-TTS](https://github.com/jincan333/MAS-TTS)
Project page: [https://github.com/jincan333/MAS-TTS](https://github.com/jincan333/MAS-TTS)

---

## How to Use with 🤗 Transformers

You can use this model directly with the `transformers` library for text generation.

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch

model_id = "Can111/m1-32b"

# Load tokenizer and model
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, # Use bfloat16 for optimal performance if supported
    device_map="auto" # Automatically distribute model across available devices
)
model.eval() # Set model to evaluation mode

# Define your conversation messages
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Explain multi-agent collaborative reasoning and its benefits."},
]

# Apply chat template and tokenize inputs
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True
)

model_inputs = tokenizer([text], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# Generate response
generated_ids = model.generate(
    model_inputs.input_ids,
    max_new_tokens=256,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.9
)

# Decode and print the generated text
decoded_output = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids[:, model_inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)[0]
print(decoded_output)
```

---

## 🚀 Key Features

- 🧠 **Enhanced Collaborative Reasoning**  
  Trained on real multi-agent traces involving diverse roles like Expert Recruiter, Problem Solvers, and Evaluator.

- 🗣️ **Role-Aware Dialogue Generation**  
  Learns to reason and respond from different expert perspectives based on structured prompts.

- ⚙️ **Optimized for Multi-Agent Systems**  
  Performs well as a MAS agent with adaptive collaboration and token budgeting.

---

## 🏗️ Model Training

- **Base Model:** Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct  
- **Dataset:** [M500](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Can111/M500) (500 curated multi-agent reasoning traces)  
- **Objective:** Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on role-conditioned prompts  
- **Training Setup:**  
  - 8 × A100 GPUs  
  - 5 epochs  
  - Learning rate: 1e-5  
  - Frameworks: DeepSpeed, FlashAttention, LLaMA-Factory

---

## 📊 Performance

| **Model**                | **General Understanding** |                | **Mathematical Reasoning** |            | **Coding**     |           |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|----------------|-----------------------------|------------|----------------|-----------|
|                          | **GPQA**                  | **Commongen**  | **AIME2024**                | **MATH-500** | **HumanEval**  | **MBPP-S**|
| **Non-Reasoning Models** |                           |                |                             |            |                |           |
| Qwen2.5                  | 50.2                      | 96.7           | 21.1                        | 84.4       | 89.0           | 80.2      |
| DeepSeek-V3              | **58.6**                  | **98.6**       | **33.3**                    | **88.6**   | 89.6           | 83.9      |
| GPT-4o                   | 49.2                      | 97.8           | 7.8                         | 81.3       | **90.9**       | **85.4**  |
| **Reasoning Models**     |                           |                |                             |            |                |           |
| s1.1-32B                 | 58.3                      | 94.1           | 53.3                        | 90.6       | 82.3           | 77.4      |
| DeepSeek-R1              | **75.5**                  | 97.2           | 78.9                        | **96.2**   | **98.2**       | 91.7      |
| o3-mini                  | 71.3                      | **99.1**       | **84.4**                    | 95.3       | 97.0           | **93.6**  |
| M1-32B (Ours)            | 61.1                      | 96.9           | 60.0                        | 95.1       | 92.8           | 89.1      |
| M1-32B w. CEO (Ours)     | 62.1                      | 97.4           | 62.2                        | 95.8       | 93.9           | 90.5      |

**Table Caption:**  
Performance comparison on general understanding, mathematical reasoning, and coding tasks using strong reasoning and non-reasoning models within the AgentVerse framework. Our method achieves substantial improvements over Qwen2.5 and s1.1-32B on all tasks, and attains performance comparable to o3-mini and DeepSeek-R1 on MATH-500 and MBPP-S, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing collaborative reasoning in MAS. Note that the results of s1.1-32B are obtained without using budget forcing.

---

## 💬 Intended Use

M1-32B is intended for research on Multi-agent reasoning and collaboration in MAS

---

## Citation

If you use this model, please cite the relevant papers:

```bibtex
@article{jin2025two,
  title={Two Heads are Better Than One: Test-time Scaling of Multi-agent Collaborative Reasoning},
  author={Jin, Can and Peng, Hongwu and Zhang, Qixin and Tang, Yujin and Metaxas, Dimitris N and Che, Tong},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.09772},
  year={2025}
}
```