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+原文,译文
+A-A segment,寰枢节段
+A-O joint,寰枕关节
+ABCDEFW acronym,ABCDEFW缩略语
+"Abdomen, lumbar region and",腹部，腰区
+Abdominal aortic aneurysm,腹主动脉瘤
+Abnormal end-feels,异常运动终末感
+Abnormal sensation,感觉异常
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Accessory movements,附属运动
+analytical assessment of,分析评估
+of elbow region,肘区
+of foot and ankle,踝足
+of hip region,髋区
+of knee region,膝区
+modifications to,改良
+of shoulder region,肩区
+of temporomandibular joint,颞下颌关节
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+as combined technique,作为组合技术
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Acromioclavicular joint,肩锁关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Active compression test,主动加压测试
+Active listening,主动倾听
+Active movements,主动运动
+examination on,检查
+of muscle,肌肉
+Active physiological movements,主动生理运动
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+combined movements and,组合运动
+differentiation tests for,鉴别试验
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in hip region,在髋区
+injuring movement and,导致损伤的运动
+of knee region,膝区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+modifications to examination of,改良测试
+overpressure and,过压
+of pelvis,骨盆
+repeated movements and,重复性运动
+in shoulder,在肩部
+speed of movements and,运动速度
+standard active testing in,标准主动测试
+sustained movements and,持续运动
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+differentiation and symptom,鉴别与症状
+modification for,改良
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Active range of motion (AROM),主动关节活动度（AROM）
+Active straight-leg raise (ASLR) test,主动直腿抬高测试（ASLR）
+for pelvis,骨盆
+Active trigger point,激痛点
+Adaptation of techniques,技术的适应性
+Adaptive coping strategies,适应不良的应对策略
+Adson’s manoeuvre,Adson加压测试
+Adson’s test,Adson测试
+Advanced cognitive skills,高级认知技能
+"Advice, offering, in assessment findings",主动的，提供，评估结果
+Affective touch,情感式触摸
+"Aggravating factors, of symptoms",加重因素，症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Alar ligaments,翼状韧带
+Allen test,Allen测试
+Allodynia,痛觉过敏
+Analgesia,镇痛
+Ankle jerk,踝反射
+Ankle joint,踝关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+"measurement of,",测量
+using figure-of-eight,使用“8”字
+mobilizations with movement,关节松动伴主动运动
+dorsiflexion,背屈
+plantarflexion,跖屈
+pain in,疼痛
+Ankylosing spondylitis,强直性脊柱炎
+Antalgic gait,减痛步态
+Anterior drawer test,前抽屉试验
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for knee region,用于膝区
+Anterior gapping test,前间隙测试
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Anterior impingement sign,前方撞击征
+of talocrural joint,踝关节
+Anterior interosseous syndrome,骨间前综合征
+Anterior stability tests,前方稳定测试
+Anteroposterior glide,前后向滑动
+of sacroiliac joint,骶髂关节
+Anticoagulant therapy,抗凝治疗
+Aortic aneurysm,主动脉瘤
+Apprehension test,恐惧试验
+for shoulder instability,用于肩关节不稳
+Arcuate-popliteus complex,腘弓状复合体
+injury to,损伤
+Arthritic conditions,关节炎
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Arthrogenic gait,关节源性步态
+‘Ask-Offer-Ask’ approach,“询问-提供-询问”法
+Assessment,评估
+activity and participation capabilities and restrictions,活动和参与能力及受限
+clinical impression in,临床印象
+clinical reasoning and,临床推理
+contributing factors to development and maintenance of problem in,问题的促发因素和维护
+decision-making and,决策
+development in,发展
+management strategy and treatment planning of,管理策略和治疗计划
+pathobiological mechanisms of,病理生物学机制
+pain,疼痛
+tissue responses and healing,组织反应和愈合
+patient’s perspectives on their experience in,患者对其体验的看法
+"person’s story and, entering into",个人故事，进入
+physical examination in,体格检查
+precautions/contraindications to,注意事项/禁忌症
+physical impairments and associated structure/tissue sources of,躯体损伤和相关结构/组织来源
+prognosis of,预后
+severity and irritability in,严重性和激惹性
+source of symptoms and,症状来源
+Atlantoaxial joint,寰枢关节
+Atlantooccipital joint,寰枕关节
+"Attitude, patient’s, observation of",态度，患者的，视诊
+Audio-recording consultations,录音咨询
+Auscultation,听诊
+Automatic motivation,自动激励
+Axial compression test (grind test),轴向加压试验（研磨试验）
+"Axillary nerve, of upper arm",腋神经，上肢
+Axioscapular muscles,脊柱-肩胛肌
+Babinski response,巴彬斯基反应
+Babinski sign,巴彬斯基征
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Baer’s point,Baer点
+Balance,平衡
+for hip region examination,用于髋区的检查
+for knee region examination,用于膝区的检查
+Behaviour change wheel,行为改变轮
+Behaviour of symptoms,症状表现
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Beighton 9-point score,Beighton 9点评分
+"Biceps femoris tendon, injury to",股二头肌肌腱，损伤
+Biceps jerk,肱二头肌腱反射
+Biceps load tests I and II,肱二头肌负荷测试Ⅰ和Ⅱ
+"Biceps tests, for shoulder region",肱二头肌测试，用于肩区
+Bicipital tendinopathy,肱二头肌腱病
+Speed’s test for,Speed测试
+"Biopsychosocial model, of health",生物-心理-社会模型，健康
+"Bite test, for temporomandibular joint",咬合测试，用于颞下颌关节
+Black flags,黑旗征
+Blood pressure,血压
+cervical arterial dysfunction and,颈动脉功能障碍
+cervicothoracic region and,颈胸区
+Blood tests,验血
+Blue flags,蓝旗征
+"Body, division of",躯体，划分
+Body chart,身体图示
+of abnormal sensations,异常感觉
+"of area of current symptoms,",当前症状区
+of areas relevant to the region being examined,检查部位相关区
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of elbow region,肘区
+of foot and ankle,足踝
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+area relevant to region being examined,检查部位相关区
+of hip region,髋区
+of knee region,用于膝区
+for examination,检查
+of lumbar region,腰区
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+area relevant to region being examined,检查部位相关区
+constant or intermittent symptoms in,持续或间歇性症状
+intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+relationship of symptoms in,症状间关系
+of shoulder,肩部
+of temporomandibular joint,颞下颌关节
+of thoracic region,胸区
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+"Bones, prominence of, palpation and",骨，突出，触诊
+"Bony alignment, observation of",骨性力线，视诊
+Bouchard’s nodes,Bouchard结节
+Boutonnière deformity of fingers or thumb,手指或拇指的纽扣畸形
+Brachial plexus,臂丛
+palpation of,触诊
+"Bruising, observation of, in elbow region",挫伤，视诊，在肘区
+Bruxism,磨牙症
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+in communication,交流
+Bunionette (tailor’s bunion),小趾囊炎（裁缝踇囊炎）
+Bursitis,滑囊炎
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Buttock pain,臀部疼痛
+mechanism of injury in,损伤机制
+C-reactive protein (CRP),C反应蛋白
+C1,寰椎
+nerve roots,神经根
+C2,枢椎
+C2-3,颈2-3关节
+CAD,颈动脉功能障碍
+"Call, starting the, in remote consultations",呼叫，启动，远程咨询
+Cancer,癌症
+history of,病史
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Capsular pattern,关节囊模式
+of glenohumeral joint,盂肱关节
+Cardiovascular disease,心血管疾病
+history of,病史
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Carpal bone,腕骨
+palpation of,触诊
+ten-point movement test for,十点运动测试
+Carpal compression test,腕管加压测试
+modified,改良的
+Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS),腕管综合征
+in median nerve compression,正中神经卡压
+as night symptoms,作为夜间症状
+Carpometacarpal joints,腕掌关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+active physiological movements of,主动生理运动
+movement at,运动
+osteoarthritis of,骨关节炎
+Cauda equina compression,马尾受压
+Cauda equina syndrome (CES),马尾综合征
+screening for,筛查
+CCS (Craniocervical spine),头颈关节
+Central nervous system testing,中枢神经系统测试
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+Central sensitization,中枢敏化
+Cervical arterial dysfunction (CAD),颈动脉功能障碍
+cranial-nerve examination for,颅神经检查
+early features of,早期症状
+history of,病史
+ischaemic presentation of,缺血性表现
+preischaemic stage of,缺血前阶段
+risk factors for,危险因素
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+testing for,测试
+blood pressure,血压
+functional positional testing,功能定位测试
+proprioception tests,本体感觉测试
+pulse palpation,切脉
+Cervical arterial system,颈动脉系统
+Cervical joint position error tests,颈椎关节位置误差测试
+Cervical plexus,颈丛
+Cervical spine,颈椎
+combined movement to,联合运动
+definition of,定义
+fracture,骨折
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+overpressure to,过压
+red-flag screening for,筛查红旗征
+symptoms from,症状源
+in elbow region,在肘区
+wrist and hand symptoms referred to,腕手部症状
+Cervical traction,颈椎牵引
+Cervicogenic dizziness (CGD),颈源性眩晕
+Cervicogenic headache (CGH),颈源性头痛
+clinical assessment in,临床评估
+supportive criteria in,支持性标准
+Cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+abnormal sensation in,感觉异常
+active physiological movements of,主动生理运动
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+area of current symptoms in,当前症状区
+areas relevant to region being examined,检查部位相关区
+behaviour of symptoms in,症状表现
+body chart of,身体图示
+case study,案例学习
+completion of examination of,完成检查
+constant or intermittent symptoms in,持续或间歇性症状
+definition of,定义
+differential diagnosis in,鉴别诊断
+drug history and,用药史
+easing factors of,缓解因素
+family history and,家族史
+general health in,健康状况
+history of current complaint in,当前主诉的病史
+integrity of nervous system and,神经系统的完整性
+intensity of pain in,疼痛强度
+"investigations, injections and imaging in",调查，注射和影像
+isometric muscle testing of,等长肌力测试
+movement control of,运动控制
+muscle tests in,肌力测试
+natural apophyseal glides in,生理性小面关节滑动
+neurodynamic tests of,神经动力学测试
+neurological symptoms in,神经症状
+neurological tests of,神经测试
+observation of,视诊
+formal,正规的
+informal,非正规的
+palpation of,触诊
+passive accessory intervertebral movements of,椎间关节被动附属运动
+passive intervertebral examination of,椎间关节被动检查
+past medical history in,既往史
+pattern recognition in,识别模式
+physical examination of,体格检查
+plan of,计划
+presenting condition in,现状
+quality of pain in,疼痛性质
+relationship of symptoms in,症状间关系
+reversed natural apophyseal glides in,生理性小面关节反向滑动
+sensorimotor tests for,感觉运动测试
+special questions about,特殊问题
+state of condition of,状况
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+sustained natural apophyseal glides in,持续生理性小面关节滑动
+twenty-four-hour behaviour of symptoms in,24小时症状表现
+vascular symptoms in,血管症状
+CES. See Cauda equina syndrome,马尾综合征
+CGD. See Cervicogenic dizziness,颈源性眩晕
+CGH. See Cervicogenic headache,颈源性头痛
+Chair push-up test,座椅撑起试验
+Chronic regional pain syndrome,慢性局部疼痛综合征
+"Chronicity, risk factors for",危险因素
+"Circulation, of wrist and hand, tests for",循环，腕手，试验
+Clarke test,Clarke试验
+Clavicular fibres,锁骨部纤维
+length testing of,长度测试
+Claw hand,爪形手
+Claw-toe deformity,爪趾畸形
+"Clenching, temporomandibular joint and",咬紧，颞下颌关节
+"Clicking, temporomandibular joint and",弹响声，颞下颌关节
+Clinical prediction rules (CPRs),临床预测规则
+of spinal manipulation,脊柱手法
+criteria for,标准
+Clinical reasoning,临床推理
+activity and participation capabilities and restrictions and,活动和参与能力及受限
+clinical impression in,临床印象
+complex process of,复杂过程
+contributing factors to development and maintenance of problem in,问题的促发因素和维护
+"form of, using hypothesis categories",形式，使用假设分类
+management strategy and treatment planning of,管理策略和治疗计划
+pathobiological mechanisms of,病理生物学机制
+pain,疼痛
+tissue responses and healing,组织反应和愈合
+patient’s perspectives on their experience in,患者对其体验的看法
+"person’s story and, entering into",个人故事，进入
+for physical examination in,体格检查
+precautions/contraindications to,注意事项/禁忌症
+physical impairments and associated structure/tissue sources of,躯体损伤和相关结构/组织来源
+process of,过程
+prognosis of,预后
+severity and irritability in,严重性和激惹性
+source of symptoms and,症状来源
+in working hypotheses,工作假说
+"Clinical stage, of cancer",临床分期，癌症
+"Clinicians, additional, in building strong relationship",临床医师，额外的，建立牢固的关系
+Clonus,阵挛
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in nerve tests,在神经测试中
+in reflex testing,在反射检查中
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Cognitive functional therapy,认知功能疗法
+Collaborative reasoning,协作推理
+Collateral ligament testing,副韧带检查
+"lateral, in elbow region",外侧，在肘区
+"medial, in elbow region",内侧，在肘区
+Collateral stability tests,侧方稳定测试
+Colles fracture,Colles骨折
+Combined movements,组合运动
+to cervical spine,颈椎
+Comfort of performance of technique,技术表现的舒适性
+Common peroneal nerve palpation,腓总神经触诊
+Communication,交流
+active listening,主动倾听
+of assessment findings,评估结果
+changing behaviour,改变行为
+decision-making,决策
+shared,分享
+goal setting,目标制定
+motivational interviewing,动机性访谈
+offering advice,提供建议
+perceptions of diagnosis,诊断感知
+treatment options,治疗方案
+in building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+additional companions,额外陪伴
+"clinicians, additional,",临床医师，其他
+first impressions,第一印象
+meeting and greeting,见面和问候
+"effective, skills for",有效的，技能
+empathy,移情
+environment preparation,环境准备
+hand and,手
+initial contact,初次接触
+in negotiating an exit,协商退出
+opening questions and agenda setting,开场白和议程设置
+in person-focused (patient-centered care),以人（患者）为中心
+in physical examination,体格检查
+providing feedback,提供反馈
+role of touch in communication,触觉在沟通中的作用
+signposting,指示
+undress negotiation,坦白谈判
+in physiotherapy consultations,在物理治疗咨询中
+challenging conversations,具有挑战性的对话
+documenting psychological distress,记录心理困扰
+interruptions,中断
+question styles,问题风格
+in remote consultations,远程咨询
+clear signposting,明确的指示
+gaining consent,获得同意
+starting the call,开始通话
+technology concerns,技术问题
+self preparation,自我准备
+suggestions when assessing patient with irritable conditions,评估易激惹状态患者的建议
+with severe conditions,伴严重状态
+Communication skills,沟通技巧
+practical guides to,实践指南
+Companions,同伴
+in building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+Complex classification systems,复杂的分类系统
+Complex regional pain syndrome 1(CRPS 1),复杂性区域疼痛综合征1
+Compression,压力
+to cervical spine,颈椎
+"pattern, regular",模式，规律
+"Compression neuropathy, testing for",神经卡压，测试
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Compression test/posterior gapping,加压测试/后间隙
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Computed tomography (CT),计算机断层扫描
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+Concave-convex rule,凹凸定律
+Consent,赞成
+in remote consultations,远程咨询
+Constant pain,持续疼痛
+Constant symptoms,持续症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+"Contact, initial",联系，首次
+Contract buttock,臀部收缩
+"Contraindications, to physical examination",禁忌症，体格检查
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+to physical examination,体格检查
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Contributing factors,影响因素
+for patient’s symptoms,对患者的症状
+"Conversations, challenging, in physiotherapy consultations",交谈，挑战，在物理治疗咨询
+"Coordination, in nerve tests",协调，神经测试
+Coping strategies,应对策略
+"Cord compression, red-flag screening for",筛查红旗征
+Cortical spreading depression (CSD),皮层传播抑制
+"Costochondral joints, accessory movements in",附属运动
+Cozen’s test,Cozen测试
+CPRs. See Clinical prediction rules,临床预测规则
+Cranial nerve disorders,颅神经疾病
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Cranial nerve examination,颅神经检查
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+Craniocervical extension test,头颈后伸测试
+Craniocervical flexion test,头颈屈曲测试
+Craniocervical spine (CCS),头颈关节
+muscle group,肌群
+neurological conductivity testing for,神经传导测试
+stability,稳定性
+symptoms associated with,相关症状
+Crepitus,捻发音
+with groin pain,腹沟股疼痛
+in knee region,在膝区
+CRP. See C-reactive protein,C反应蛋白
+CSD. See Cortical spreading depression,皮层传播抑制
+CTS. See Carpal tunnel syndrome,腕管综合征
+Cubital tunnel syndrome,肘管综合征
+elbow flexion test for,屈肘测试
+Cubital valgus,肘外翻
+Cubital varus,肘内翻
+Cutaneous nerve,皮神经
+"supply to face, head, and neck",支配面部、头部和颈部
+supply to trunk,支配躯干
+DASH. See Disabilities of the Arm,DASH量表，上肢残疾评估
+Shoulder and Hand,肩和手
+De Quervain disease,狭窄性腱鞘炎
+area of current symptoms in,当前症状区
+tests for,测试
+Decision-making,决策
+development in,发展
+shared,分享
+Deep cervical extensors,颈深伸肌群
+Test,测试
+Deep cervical flexors,颈深屈肌群
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Deep cervical muscle testing,颈深肌测试
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+Deep craniocervical flexors,头颈深屈肌
+Deep occipital muscles,枕深肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+"Deep-vein thrombosis, suspected",深静脉血栓，疑似的
+Wells score for,Well评分
+"Degenerative conditions, of ankle",退行性疾病，踝
+Demonstration,证明
+Dental disorders,牙科疾病
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Dental occlusion,牙齿咬合
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Dermatomes,皮节
+associated with thoracic spinal nerves,与胸椎脊神经相关
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of elbow region,肘区
+of head and neck,头颈
+of lower limb nerves,下肢神经
+test for,测试
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for temporomandibular joint,用于颞下颌关节
+of thoracic region,胸区
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+of upper limb nerves,上肢神经
+of wrist and hand examination,腕手检查
+Dexterity tests,灵巧性测试
+Diabetes mellitus,糖尿病
+history of,病史
+lumbar region and,腰区
+red flag and,红旗征
+wrist and hand examination and,腕手检查
+Dial test,胫骨外旋测试
+Differentiation testing,鉴别测试
+for active physiological movements,主动生理运动
+in elbow region,在肘区
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+Disabilities of the Arm,上肢残疾
+Shoulder and Hand (DASH),肩和手
+"Disability, health and, hypothesis categories framework of",残疾，健康，假设分类框架
+"Distraction, to cervical spine",分离，颈椎
+Distraction/anterior gapping test,分离/前间隙测试
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Dizziness,眩晕
+from cervicothoracic region,源于颈胸区
+differential diagnosis of,鉴别诊断
+upper cervical spine,上颈椎
+whiplash-related,挥鞭伤相关
+"Dorsal horn, pathways of, underlying referred pain",背角，通路，潜在的牵涉痛
+"Dorsal scapular nerve, palpation of",触诊
+Double adductor test,双重内收肌测试
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Drawer test,抽屉试验
+anterior,前向
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for knee region,用于膝区
+posterior,后向
+"for knee region,",用于膝区
+for shoulder instability,用于肩关节不稳
+Drop-foot gait,跨阈步态
+Drug history,用药史
+Drug therapy,药物治疗
+lumbar region and,腰区
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+Dupuytren’s contracture,杜普征氏掌挛缩
+of palmar fascia,掌筋膜
+Dynamic loading and distraction,动态负荷和分离
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+Dysaesthesia,感觉障碍
+Ear symptoms,耳部症状
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+"Ease of performance, of technique",易于执行，技术
+Easing factors,缓解因素
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+EAST. See Elevated arm stress test,抬臂压力测试
+EBP. See Evidence-based practice,循证实践
+Effective communication skills,沟通技巧
+Effectiveness of technique performance,技术实施的有效性
+"Effusion, palpation and",积液，触诊
+Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,埃勒斯-当洛斯综合征（弹力过度性皮肤）
+Eichhoff test,Eichhoff试验
+Elbow flexion test,屈肘测试
+for cubital tunnel syndrome,用于肘关综合征
+Elbow joint,肘关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Elbow ligamentous injuries,肘部韧带损伤
+"Elbow region, examination of,",肘区，检查
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+behaviour of symptoms in,症状表现
+aggravating factors,加重因素
+easing factors,缓解因素
+stage of the condition,状态阶段
+twenty-four-hour,24小时
+body chart in,身体图示
+abnormal sensation,感觉异常
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+areas relevant to the region being examined,检查部位相关区
+constant or intermittent symptoms,持续或间歇性症状
+intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+quality of pain,疼痛性质
+relationship of symptoms,症状间关系
+case study on,案例学习
+causes of pain and/or limitation of movement in,疼痛和/或活动受限的原因
+completion of,完成
+functional testing in,功能性测试
+joint integrity tests in,关节完整性测试
+muscle strength testing in,肌力测试
+muscle tests in,肌力测试
+observation in,视诊
+palpation in,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+"patients’ perspective, on experience,",患者观点，基于经验
+physical,物理的
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+completion of,完成
+developing working and alternative hypotheses in,发展工作和替代假说
+functional testing in,功能性测试
+joint integrity tests in,关节完整性测试
+muscle tests in,肌力测试
+palpation in,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+plan of,计划
+precautions and contraindications for,注意事项和禁忌症
+predominant pain mechanism in,主要疼痛机制
+sequence and extent of,顺序和范围
+vascular considerations in,血管注意事项
+"present condition, history of",病史
+special questions for,特殊问题
+drug history in,用药史
+elbow stiffness or arthritic conditions in,肘关节僵硬或炎症状态
+past medical and family history in,家族史
+radiography and medical imaging in,放射学与医学影像
+sudden swelling in,突发肿胀
+subjective,主观
+behaviour of symptoms in,症状表现
+body chart in,身体图示
+drug history in,用药史
+"patients’ perspective, on experience",患者观点，基于经验
+"present condition, history of",现状，病史
+special/screening questions in,特殊/筛查问题
+vascular considerations in,血管注意事项
+Elbow tendinopathy,肘部肌腱病变
+"lateral, symptom modification for",外侧，症状改善
+medial,内侧
+Elevated arm stress test (EAST),抬臂压力测试
+Empathy,移情
+Empty-can test,倒罐试验
+for supraspinatus tear or tendinopathy,用于冈上肌撕裂或肌腱病变
+End-feels,运动终末感
+abnormal,异常
+normal,正常
+"Epilepsy, history of",病史
+Erector spinae,竖脊肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),红细胞沉降率
+ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,红细胞沉降率
+Evening symptoms,夜间症状
+"in cervicothoracic region,",在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder region,在肩区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Evidence-based practice (EBP),循证实践
+"Extension, to cervical spine",后伸，颈椎
+Extensor carpi radialis brevis,桡侧腕短伸肌
+External rotation stress test,外旋应力试验
+Extrinsic muscle tightness,外在肌紧张度
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Eye contact,眼神接触
+in nonverbal behaviours,非言语行为中
+FABER test. See Flexion abduction external rotation (FABER) test,屈曲外展外旋试验
+FABQ. See Fear avoidance belief questionnaire,恐惧回避信念问卷
+"Face, symmetry of, test of",面部，对称，测试
+Facet joint,小关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Facial chart,面部图
+for recording head and facial symptoms,记录头面部症状
+FADDIR. See Flexion adduction internal rotation,屈曲内收内旋试验
+FAI. See Femoroacetabular impingement,股骨髋臼撞击征
+Fairbank’s apprehension test,Fairbank恐惧试验（髌骨脱位试验）
+Family history,家族史
+in cervicothoracic region examination,在颈胸区的检查
+in elbow region examination,在肘区的检查
+in lumbar region examination,在腰区的检查
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+FBC. See Full blood count,全细胞计数
+FDS. See Flexor digitorum superficialis,指浅屈肌
+Fear avoidance behaviours,恐惧回避行为
+Fear avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ),恐惧回避信念问卷
+"Feedback, during physical examination",反馈，在体格检查中
+"Feelings, patient’s, observation of",感受，患者的，视诊
+Femoral nerve slump test,股神经塌陷测试
+Femoral nerve tension test in sidelying,侧卧位股神经张力测试
+Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI),股骨髋臼撞击征
+Fibromyalgia syndrome,纤维肌痛综合征
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Figure-of-eight measurement,“8”字测量
+of ankle,踝
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Finger-nose tests,指鼻试验
+Fingers,手指
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+muscle strength testing in,肌力测试
+Finkelstein test,Finkelstein测试
+for De Quervain’s disease,用于狭窄性腱鞘炎
+First impressions,第一印象
+in building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+good consultation as,良好的咨询
+handshakes as,握手
+nonverbal behaviours as,非言语行为
+prosody as,韵律
+small talk as,闲聊
+Flat-back posture,躺平姿势
+Flatfoot deformity,扁平足畸形
+"Flexion, to cervical spine",屈曲，颈椎
+Flexion abduction external rotation (FABER) test,屈曲外展外旋试验
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Flexion adduction internal rotation (FADDIR),屈曲内收内旋试验
+Flexion-extension PPIVM,被动的椎间屈伸生理运动
+Flexion-rotation test,屈曲旋转测试
+Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS),指浅屈肌
+test for,测试
+Foot and ankle,足踝
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+anatomical and functional overview,解剖和功能概述
+body chart,身体图示
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+area relevant to region being examined,检查部位相关区
+case study on,案例学习
+completion of examination,完成检查
+constant or intermittent symptoms in,持续或间歇性症状
+dorsiflexion,背屈
+dysfunction,功能障碍
+eversion,外翻
+function of,功能
+functional testing of,功能性测试
+history of present condition and,现病史
+intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+joint integrity tests of,关节完整性测试
+mobilizations with movement,关节松动伴主动运动
+symptom modification and,症状改善
+muscle tests for,肌力测试
+length,长度
+strength,肌力
+neurological symptoms of,神经症状
+neurological tests for,神经测试
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+nerve palpation,神经触诊
+neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+reflex testing,反射检查
+observation of,视诊
+alignment,对位
+formal,正规的
+gait,步态
+informal,非正规的
+of muscle form,肌肉形态
+of posture,姿势
+of soft tissue,软组织
+outcome measures of,结局指标
+palpation,触诊
+nerve,神经
+past medical history,既往史
+physical examination for,体格检查
+physiological movements of active,主动生理运动
+passive,被动的
+quality of symptoms in,症状性质
+radiograph and medical imaging for,放射学与医学影像
+relationship of symptoms in,症状间关系
+serious pathology of,严重病变
+social history and,社会史
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+patients’ perspective,患者观点
+special questions,特殊问题
+"symptoms, referred from",症状，源于
+symptoms behaviour of,症状表现
+aggravating factors,加重因素
+easing factors,缓解因素
+twenty-four-hour,24小时
+vascular tests of,血管测试
+Forearm,前臂
+muscle strength testing in,肌力测试
+pronation and supination,旋前和旋后
+in mobilizations with movement,在关节松动伴主动运动中
+Formal observation,正规的视诊
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Fracture,骨折
+Fracture test,骨折测试
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Froment’s sign,Froment征
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for ulnar nerve paralysis,用于尺神经麻痹
+Fulcrum test,Fulcrum试验（仰卧恐惧试验）
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Full blood count (FBC),全细胞计数
+Full-can test,满罐试验
+for supraspinatus tear or tendinopathy,用于冈上肌撕裂或肌腱病变
+Function observation,功能观察
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Functional ability,功能能力
+Functional reach tests,功能性前伸测试
+Functional testing,功能性测试
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Gaenslen’s/pelvic torsion test,Gaenslen/骨盆扭转测试
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Gait,步态
+in foot and ankle examination,在足踝的检查
+in hip region examination,在髋区的检查
+in knee region examination,在膝区的检查
+observation of,视诊
+Gait analysis,步态分析
+Gait cycle,步行周期
+Gastrocnemius,腓肠肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Gaze stability,凝视稳定性
+General health,健康状况
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Genu valgum,膝外翻
+Genu varum,膝内翻
+Gerber ‘lift-off’,Gerber“抬离”试验
+for subscapularis tendinopathy,用于肩胛下肌肌腱病
+Gifford’s mature organism model of reasoning,Gifford成熟生物推理模型
+"Gillet test, for pelvis",Gillet试验，用于骨盆
+Glenohumeral joint,盂肱关节
+accessory movements to,附属运动
+capsular pattern of,关节囊模式
+instability,不稳
+Global mobilizers,整体驱动肌
+Global stabilizer,整体稳定肌
+Gluteal tendinopathy,臀肌肌腱病
+Gluteus maximus,臀大肌
+gait,步态
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Gluteus medius,臀中肌
+gait,步态
+"posterior, strength testing of",后方，肌力测试
+Gluteus minimus,臀小肌
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Goal setting,目标制定
+in assessment findings,评估结果
+Golfer’s elbow,高尔夫球肘
+muscle length in,肌长度
+test for,测试
+"Good consultation, first impressions and",良好的咨询，第一印象
+Gout,痛风
+Gradual symptom onset,渐进起病
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Greeting,问候
+in building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+Grind test,研磨试验
+‘Grip and grind’ test,“抓握和研磨”试验
+Grip strength,握力
+Groin,腹股沟
+hernia,疝
+locking/catching in,锁定/捕捉
+lumbar region and,腰区
+pain,疼痛
+with crepitus,捻发音
+mechanism of injury,损伤机制
+sports-related,运动相关
+sports-related chronic,运动相关的慢病
+on squatting,蹲
+Gut-feeling response,直觉反应
+Guyon’s canal,尺神经管
+palpation on,触诊
+Haemarthrosis,血肿
+in knee region,在膝区
+Haglund’s deformity,Haglund畸形（跟腱末端病）
+Hallux rigidus,𧿹僵直
+Hallux valgus,𧿹外翻
+Hammer-toe deformity,锤状趾畸形
+Hamstrings,腘绳肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Hand,手
+deformities of,畸形
+neurological symptoms of,神经症状
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Handling improvement tips,处理改进提示
+Handshakes,握手
+first impressions and,第一印象
+Hautant’s test,Hautant测试
+Hawkins-Kennedy test,Hawkins-Kennedy撞击试验
+Headache,头痛
+cervicogenic,颈源性
+differential diagnosis of,鉴别诊断
+sustained natural apophyseal glides for,持续的生理性小面关节滑动
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+Headache Disability Index Questionnaire,头痛残疾指数问卷
+"Healing, tissue response and",愈合，组织反应
+Health,健康
+biopsychosocial model of,生物-心理-社会模型
+"disability and, hypothesis categories",残疾，假设分类
+framework of,框架
+Heberden’s nodes,Heberden结节
+Heel-shin sliding tests,跟胫滑动测试
+Heel-to-knee test,跟膝胫测试
+Herpes zoster,带状疱疹
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Hip joint,髋关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Hip region,髋区
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+body chart of,身体图示
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+areas relevant to region being examined,检查部位相关区
+case study,案例学习
+completion of examination of,完成检查
+constant or intermittent symptoms in,持续或间歇性症状
+extraarticular structure tests for,关节外结构测试
+double adductor test,双重内收肌测试
+gluteal tendinopathy,臀肌肌腱病
+resisted external derotation test,抗阻反向外旋测试
+sports-related chronic groin pain,运动相关的慢性腹股沟疼痛
+squeeze test,挤压试验
+sustained single-leg stance,持续单腿站立
+flexion,屈曲
+history of present condition in,现病史
+impingement,撞击
+intraarticular structure tests for,关节内结构测试
+flexion abduction external rotation (FABER) test,屈曲外展外旋试验
+flexion adduction internal rotation (FADDIR) test,屈曲内收内旋试验
+fracture test,骨折测试
+fulcrum test,Fulcrum试验（仰卧恐惧试验）
+hip impingement test,髋关节撞击试验
+internal rotation over pressure (IROP) test,内旋过压测试
+muscle tests for,肌力测试
+isometric testing,等长测试
+muscle control,肌肉控制
+muscle length,肌长度
+muscle strength,肌力
+neurological tests for,神经测试
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+neurodynamic,神经动力学
+reflex testing,反射检查
+observation of,视诊
+balance,平衡
+function,功能
+gait,步态
+muscle form,肌肉形态
+posture,姿势
+soft tissues,软组织
+palpation of,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+past medical history of,既往史
+physical examination of,体格检查
+plan of,计划
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+special questions,特殊问题
+symptom behaviour in,症状特征
+aggravating factors,加重因素
+easing factors,缓解因素
+twenty-four-hour symptoms,24小时症状
+symptom relationship with,症状关联
+vascular tests for,血管测试
+History of present condition,现病史
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder region,在肩区
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus,人免疫缺陷病毒
+"Hook test, for distal biceps",吊钩测试，用于肱二头肌远端
+Hop testing battery,单腿跳跃测试组套
+"Horizontal adduction, shoulder region and",水平外展，肩区
+HSD. See Hypermobility spectrum disorder,多动症
+Human immunodeficiency virus,人免疫缺陷病毒
+history of,病史
+Human intersubjectivity,人的主体间性
+Humeroradial joint,肱桡关节
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+differentiation testing in,鉴别测试
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+Humeroulnar joint,肱尺关节
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+differentiation testing in,鉴别测试
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+"Humerus, fracture of",骨折
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Hyperalgesia,痛觉过敏
+Hypermobility,过度活动
+lumbar region and,腰区
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD),多动症
+history of,病史
+Hypermobility syndrome,关节过度松弛综合征
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Hyperpathia,痛觉超敏
+Hypomobility,活动不足
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Hypothenar eminence,小鱼际隆起
+muscle strength testing in,肌力测试
+Hypothesis categories,假设分类
+clinical reasoning form using,临床推理表单应用
+in framework of health and disability,在健康和残疾框架内
+Hypothetico-deductive reasoning,假设演绎推理
+ICAs. See Internal carotid arteries,颈内动脉
+"ICF. See International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health",国际功能、残疾和健康分类
+Iliopsoas,髂腰肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+"Iliotibial band (ITB), injury to",髂胫束，损伤
+Illness scripts,疾病脚本
+Impingement test,撞击试验
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Infection,感染
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+Inferior radioulnar joint,桡尺远端关节
+accessory movements in,"附属运动,"
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+Inferior tibiofibular joint,下胫腓关节
+mobilizations with movement,关节松动伴主动运动
+Inflammatory arthritis,炎症性关节炎
+history of,病史
+Inflammatory conditions of ankle,炎症状态，踝
+of elbow region,肘区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Inflammatory pain,炎性疼痛
+Informal observation,非正式的观察
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Infraspinatus,冈下肌
+full-thickness tears of,全层撕裂
+external rotation lag sign for,外旋减弱征
+Initial observation,首次视诊
+Injuring movements,受损运动
+in active physiological movements,在主动生理运动中
+"Instability, laxity versus",不稳，松弛
+Instrumental touch,有帮助的接触
+Intercarpal joints,腕骨间关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+"Interchondral joints, accessory movements in",软骨间关节，附属运动
+"Intermetacarpal joints, hand",掌骨间关节，手
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+Intermetatarsal joints,跖骨间关节
+Intermittent symptoms,间歇性症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Internal carotid arteries (ICAs),颈内动脉
+"dissection, pain presentation for",解剖，疼痛表现
+dysfunction,功能障碍
+typical pain presentation for,典型疼痛表现
+Internal femoral rotation,股骨内旋
+Internal rotation over pressure (IROP) test,内旋过压测试
+for hip region,用于髋屈
+"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)",国际功能、残疾和健康分类
+"Interphalangeal joints, of foot",趾间关节，足部
+Interruptions,中断
+in physiotherapy consultations,在物理治疗咨询中
+Intervertebral disc disorders,椎间盘疾病
+lumbar region and,腰椎
+"Interviewing, motivational",访谈，动机
+Intractable plantar keratosis,顽固性足底角化病
+"Intrinsic muscle tightness, of wrist and hand",内在肌紧张，腕手
+"Irritability, of symptoms",激惹，症状
+Irritable symptoms,激惹症状
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+Ischaemic pain,缺血性疼痛
+"Isometric contraction, of muscle",等长收缩，肌肉
+Isometric muscle testing,等长肌力测试
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Isotonic testing,等张测试
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+ITB. See Iliotibial band,髂胫束
+Jendrassik manoeuvre,Jendrassik手法
+Joint,关节
+effusion tests,积液测试
+palpation of,触诊
+physical examination tests for,体格检查测试
+as source of symptoms,作为症状来源
+of upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+tests,测试
+Joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Joint integrity tests,关节完整性测试
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Joint position error (JPE),关节位置误差
+Joint proprioception,关节本体感觉
+JPE. See Joint position error,关节位置误差
+"Kaltenborn tests, for accessory movements",Kaltenborn测试，用于附属运动
+Kienbock’s disease,Kienbock病（月骨缺血性坏死）
+Kinetic chain,运动链
+thoracic spine dysfunction and,胸椎功能障碍
+Kleiger test,Kleiger测试（外旋加压测试）
+Knee extension,伸膝
+Knee jerk,膝反射
+Knee joint,膝关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Knee region,膝区
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+active physiological movements of,主动生理运动
+assessment of quadriceps activation,股四头肌激活评估
+assessment of return to play/ performance,重返运动/表现评估
+behaviour of symptoms and,症状表现
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+easing factors in,缓解因素
+twenty-four-hour,24小时
+body chart for,身体图示
+area of current symptoms in,当前症状区
+areas relevant to the region being examined in,检查部位相关区
+case study on,案例学���
+completion of the examination of,完成检查
+contributing factors and,影响因素
+crepitus in,捻发音
+giving way of,让步
+history of the present condition of,现病史
+informal observation,非正规的视诊
+irritable symptoms in,激惹症状
+joint effusion tests for,关节积液测试
+joint integrity tests for,关节完整性测试
+joint line tenderness for,关节线压痛
+leg length and,腿长
+locking of,锁定
+mechanism of injury of,损伤机制
+meniscal test for,半月板测试
+muscle tests for,肌力测试
+control,控制
+isometric,等长
+length,长度
+strength,肌力
+neurological tests for,神经测试
+integrity of the nervous system and,神经系统完整性
+neurodynamic,神经动力学
+reflex testing in,反射检查
+observation of,视诊
+balance,平衡
+gait,步态
+muscle form,肌肉形态
+posture,姿势
+soft tissue,软组织
+pain in,疼痛
+depth of,深度
+intensity of,强度
+mechanisms of,机制
+provoked or reduced on palpation,触诊中激发或缓和
+quality of,性质
+palpation of,触诊
+passive physiological movements of,被动生理运动
+past medical history of,既往史
+patellofemoral tests for,髌骨测试
+physical examination of,体格检查
+plan of,计划
+for return to sport,重返运动
+quality of movement in,运动质量
+"referred, symptoms in",牵涉，疼痛
+relationship of symptoms and,症状间关系
+source of symptoms in,症状来源
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+hypothesis after,假设
+special questions in,特殊问题
+swelling of,肿胀
+symptom modification and,症状改善
+vascular tests for,血管测试
+Knowledge flow diagram,知识流程图
+Kyphosis-lordosis posture,驼背-前凸姿势
+Lachman test,Lachman测试
+Latent irritability,潜在激惹
+Lateral collateral ligament injury,外侧副韧带损伤
+Lateral collateral ligament testing,外侧副韧带检查
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Lateral elbow tendinopathy,肘部外侧肌腱病变
+symptom modification for,症状改善
+Lateral epicondylalgia,外上髁痛
+Lateral epicondyles,外上髁
+Lateral flexion,侧屈
+to cervical spine,颈椎
+Lateral tibial torsion,胫骨外旋
+Lateralis,外侧
+Latissimus dorsi,背阔肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+"Laxity, instability versus",松弛，不稳
+Left extension quadrant,左侧后伸象限
+to cervical spine,颈椎
+Leg length,腿长
+measurement of,测量
+Lens model,透镜模式
+Levator scapulae,肩胛提肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length testing,长度测试
+Ligament of Struthers,Struthers韧带
+"Ligamentous injuries, in elbow region",韧带损伤，在肘区
+Ligamentous instability test,韧带不稳定性测试
+for joints of thumb and fingers,用于拇指和手指关节
+Ligamentous sprain,韧带扭伤
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Light touch examination,韧带触诊检查
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+lower limb and,下肢
+Likelihood ratios (LRs),似然比
+in physical examination,在体格检查中
+Limb symmetry index,肢体对称指数
+Linea alba,腹白线
+Lingual mandibular reflex (CNV),舌下颌反射
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+"Listening, active",倾听，主动
+Load and shift test,负荷和转移测试
+for shoulder instability,用于肩关节不稳
+Local stabilizer muscles,局部稳定肌
+London Hospital test,伦敦医院测试
+Long dorsal ligament,背侧长韧带
+palpation of,触诊
+Longus capitis,头长肌
+Longus colli,颈长肌
+Lordosis,脊柱前凸
+lumbar region and,腰区
+LOVE acronym,LOVE缩写
+Low-back pain,下背痛
+pain diary,疼痛日记
+Low flexion,小角度屈曲
+shoulder region and,肩区
+Lower limb,下肢
+lumbar region and,腰区
+nerves of,神经
+pain sensation of,痛觉
+LRs. See Likelihood ratios,似然比
+Lumbar multifidus,腰多裂肌
+Lumbar nerve roots,腰神经根
+myotome testing for,肌节测试
+Lumbar region,腰区
+compensatory movement strategies for,代偿运动策略
+"examination, completion of",检查，完成
+irritable symptoms in,激惹症状
+neurological symptoms in,神经症状
+pain in,疼痛
+behaviour,行为
+night symptoms,夜间症状
+provoked or reduced on palpation,触诊中激发或缓和
+physical examination for,体格检查
+active physiological movements,主动生理运动
+differentiation or symptom modification,鉴别或症状改变
+miscellaneous tests,其他试验
+muscle tests,肌力测试
+neurological tests,神经测试
+observation,视诊
+palpation,触诊
+passive accessory intervertebral movements,椎间关节被动附属运动
+passive physiological movements,被动生理运动
+plan of,计划
+precautions or contraindications to,注意事项或禁忌症
+severe symptoms,严重的症状
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+behaviour of symptoms in,症状表现
+body chart of,身体图示
+family history and,家族史
+history of present condition in,现病史
+"hypotheses, development of",假说，发展
+past medical history in,既往史
+patient’s perspective,患者的看法
+special questions,特殊问题
+Lumbar spine,腰椎
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+pain on,疼痛
+Lunotriquetral ballottement (Reagan’s) test,月骨三角骨撞击试验
+Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),核磁共振成像
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Maladaptive coping strategies,适应不良的应对策略
+Mallet finger,锤状指
+Mallet-toe deformity,锤状趾畸形
+"Management strategy, of clinical reasoning",管理策略，临床推理
+"Mandible, resting position of",下颌骨，休息位
+Mandibular condyle,下颌骨髁状突
+palpation of,触诊
+via external auditory meatus,经外耳道
+"Mastication, muscles of",咀嚼，肌肉
+Matles test,Matles测试
+for Achilles tendon rupture,用于跟腱断裂
+Maudsley test,Maudsley测试
+McKenzie method,麦肯基疗法
+of mechanical diagnosis,力学诊断
+McMurray test,麦氏征（回旋挤压试验）
+Mechanical pain,机械性疼痛
+Medial collateral ligament testing,内侧副韧带检查
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Medial elbow tendinopathy,肘部内侧肌腱病变
+Medial epicondylalgia,内上髁疼痛
+Medial epicondyles,内上髁
+Medial tibial torsion,胫骨内旋
+Median nerve,正中神经
+compression neuropathy tests,神经卡压试验
+palpation of,触诊
+test for,测试
+of upper limb,上肢
+"upper-limb neurodynamic test for. See ULNT 1, ULNT 2a",上肢神经动力学测试
+Medical Communications Behavior System (MCBS),医疗沟通行为系统
+Medical imaging,医学影像
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+Medical referral,医疗转诊
+Meeting,见面
+in building strong relationship,建立牢固的关系
+Meniscal tear,半月板撕裂
+Meniscal tests,半月板试验
+Metacarpophalangeal joints,掌指关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+Metatarsophalangeal joints,跖趾关节
+Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire,密歇根大学手概况问卷
+Midcarpal joints,腕中关节
+Midcarpal shift test,腕中移位测试
+Midtarsal joints,跗骨间关节
+Migraine,偏头痛
+Miscellaneous tests,其他测试
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for temporomandibular joint,用于
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+"Modification,",改良
+progression and regression of treatment,治疗进阶与退阶
+Morning symptoms,晨间症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder region,在肩区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Morton’s neuroma,Morton神经瘤
+Mulder’s test for,Mulder测试
+Motivational interviewing,动机性访谈
+Motor changes,运动改变
+Motor control,运动控制
+definition of,定义
+training,训练
+Motor loss,运动丧失
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+Motor neurone lesion,运动神经元损伤
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+pathological reflex testing for,病理反射检查
+Movement control,运动控制
+of cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+Movement diagrams,运动图
+knee region and,膝区
+procedure for drawing,绘图程序
+muscle spasm,肌痉挛
+pain,疼痛
+resistance,抵抗
+Movement system balance theory,运动系统平衡理论
+MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging,核磁共振成像
+Mulder’s test,Mulder测试
+for Morton’s neuroma,用于Morton神经瘤
+Muscle,肌肉
+active movements of,主动运动
+classification of,分类
+isometric contraction of,等长收缩
+palpation of,触诊
+passive lengthening of,被动延长
+"patterns/reactions of, to stress",模式/反应，应力
+physical examination tests for,体格检查测试
+as source of symptoms,作为症状来源
+of upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+Muscle control,肌肉控制
+test,测试
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+"Muscle endurance, definition of",肌耐力，定义
+Muscle form,肌肉形态
+observation of,视诊
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Muscle imbalance,肌力失衡
+Muscle length,肌长度
+definition of,定义
+testing,测试
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Muscle spasm,肌痉挛
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+movement diagrams for,运动图
+Muscle strength,肌力
+definition of,定义
+testing,测试
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Muscle tests,肌力测试
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+length,长度
+strength,肌力
+for hip region,用于髋区
+isometric muscle testing,等长肌力测试
+See Isometric muscle testing for knee region,见膝区等长肌力测试
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+muscle length. See Muscle length muscle strength. See Muscle strength,肌长度
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+for shoulder,用于肩区
+control in,控制
+strength in,肌力
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+endurance testing,耐力测试
+isometric,等长
+muscle control,肌肉控制
+muscle strength,肌力
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Musculocutaneous nerve,肌皮神经
+Musculoskeletal condition,肌骨状态
+examination of patients with,患者评估
+Musculoskeletal dysfunction,肌肉骨骼功能障碍
+process of examination of,评估进程
+Myelopathy,脊髓病
+Myogenic pain,肌源性疼痛
+in temporomandibular joint,颞下颌关节
+Myositis ossificans,骨化性肌炎
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Myotomes,肌节
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+NAG,生理性关节突关节滑动
+Natural apophyseal glides (NAGs),生理性小面关节滑动
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+"Nature of symptoms, of pelvis",症状性质，骨盆
+area of current symptoms,当前症状区
+intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+quality of symptoms,症状性质
+relationship of symptoms,症状间关系
+"Neck, vascular pathologies of",颈椎，血管病变
+Neck Disability Index,颈椎功能障碍指数
+Neer test,Neer测试
+for shoulder impingement syndrome,用于肩关节撞击综合征
+Neoplastic conditions,肿瘤状态
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Neoplastic disease,肿瘤疾病
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Nerve,神经
+palpation of,触诊
+physical examination for,体格检查
+as source of symptoms,作为症状来源
+of upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+test,测试
+"Nervous system, integrity of",神经系统，完整性
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Neural sensitization tests,神经致敏测试
+femoral nerve slump test,股神经塌陷测试
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+obturator nerve test,闭孔神经测试
+passive neck flexion,颈椎被动屈曲
+prone knee bend,俯卧位屈膝
+saphenous nerve test,隐神经检查
+straight leg raise,直腿抬高
+testing principles of,测试原则
+upper limb neurodynamic tests,上肢神经动力学测试
+Neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Neurological integrity,神经完整性
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Neurological symptoms,神经症状
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Neurological tests,神经测试
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+nerve palpation,神经触诊
+neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+reflex testing,反射检查
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+dermatomes/peripheral nerves,皮节/外周神经
+myotomes/peripheral nerves,肌节/外周神经
+"nervous system, integrity of",神经系统，完整性
+neural sensitization tests,神经致敏测试
+reflex testing,反射检查
+for shoulder region,用于肩区
+for temporomandibular joint,颞下颌关节
+dermatomes,皮节
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+myotomes,肌节
+neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+reflex testing,反射检查
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Neuropathic pain,神经性疼痛
+symptoms of,症状
+Night symptoms,夜间症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder region,在肩区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Nociceptive pain,伤害性疼痛
+Nociplastic pain,夜行性疼痛
+Nonpropositional knowledge,非命题性知识
+Nonverbal behaviours,非言语行为
+eye contact in,眼神接触
+posture in,姿势
+smiling in,微笑
+Normal end-feels,正常运动终末感
+NPRS. See Numerical pain rating scale,数字疼痛评定量表
+Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS),数字疼痛评定量表
+OA. See Osteoarthritis,骨关节炎
+Objective,客观
+in physical examination,体格检查
+Oblique/sideways step down/landing test,倾斜/侧向下/着陆测试
+Observation,视诊
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of elbow region,肘区
+of foot and ankle,足踝
+alignment,对位
+formal,正规的
+informal,非正规的
+of muscle form,肌肉形态
+of posture,姿势
+of soft tissue,软组织
+formal,正规的
+of gait,步态
+of hip region,髋区
+informal,非正规的
+initial,初始
+of knee region,膝区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+of muscle form,肌肉形态
+of pelvis,骨盆
+of posture,姿势
+of soft tissue,软组织
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+"Obstetric history, pelvis and",产科病史，骨盆
+Obturator nerve test,闭孔神经测试
+Oculomotor function,动眼功能
+tests for,测试
+Oculomotor tests,动眼测试
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+Oedema,水肿
+Olecranon,鹰嘴
+Olecranon bursitis,鹰嘴滑囊炎
+Opening question,开放式问题
+agenda setting and,议程设置
+Orange flags,橘旗征
+Osgood-Schlatter disease,股骨粗隆软骨病
+Osteoarthritis,骨关节炎
+of elbow region,肘区
+"stiff shoulder and,",肩关节僵硬
+of thoracic region,胸区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Osteochondral defects,软骨缺损
+affecting talus,影响距骨
+Osteoporosis,骨质疏松
+history of,病史
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+"Overlaps, in physiotherapy consultations",重叠，在物理治疗咨询中
+Overpressure,过压
+active movements with,主动活动
+in shoulder,在肩部
+to cervical spine,颈椎
+to elbow complex,肘关节复合体
+in hip joint,髋关节
+to temporomandibular joint,颞下颌关节
+to thoracic spine,胸椎
+Pain,疼痛
+characteristics of,特征
+"constant, unremitting",持续，坚持不懈
+definition of,定义
+depth of,深度
+dimensions of,范围
+intensity of,强度
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+"ischaemic, nociception",缺血性疼痛，伤害
+mechanisms of,机制
+movement diagrams for,运动图
+"neuropathic, symptoms of",神经性，症状
+night symptoms,夜间症状
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+"predominant, mechanism of",主导，机制
+provoked or reduced,激发或缓和
+on palpation,触诊
+quality of,质量
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+referred,牵涉
+symptoms of,症状
+in knee region,在膝区
+Pain diary,疼痛日记
+for low-back pain,下腰痛
+"Pain provocation tests, for pelvis",疼痛激发测试，用于骨盆
+Pain-rating scale,疼痛评定量表
+for intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+PAIVMs. See Passive accessory intervertebral movements,椎间关节被动附属运动
+Palmaris longus,掌长肌
+Palpation,触诊
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of elbow,肘
+of foot and ankle,足踝
+nerve,神经
+of hip region,髋区
+of joint,关节
+of knee region,膝区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+of muscle,肌肉
+of nerve,神经
+of pelvis,用于骨盆
+of pulses,脉搏
+of shoulder region,肩区
+"systematic, suggested approach to",系统的，建议方法
+of thoracic region,胸区
+trigger points,扳机点
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+of wrist and hand examination,腕手检查
+"systematic, suggested approach to",系统的，建议方法
+Palpation chart,触诊图
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+Paraesthesia,感觉异常
+upper cervical spine examination and,上颈椎检查
+Parafunctional habits,机能异常的习惯
+"temporomandibular joint and,",颞下颌关节
+Passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs),椎间关节被动附属运动
+in atlantoaxial joint,寰枢关节
+in atlantooccipital joint,寰枕关节
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+Passive intervertebral examination (PIE),椎间关节被动检查
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+Passive knee bend,被动屈膝
+Passive lengthening of muscle,肌肉被动延长
+"Passive movements, examination on",被动运动，检查
+Passive neck flexion,颈椎被动屈曲
+Passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs),被动的椎间生理运动
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+of thoracic region,胸区
+Passive physiological movements,被动生理运动
+of elbow region,肘区
+of hip region,髋区
+of knee region,膝区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+of shoulder,肩部
+posterior shoulder tightness and,后肩僵硬
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Passive sensitizing movement,被动敏化运动
+Past medical history,既往史
+cervicothoracic region and,颈胸区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Patella tendinopathy test,髌腱测试
+Patellar pubic percussion test,髌骨尺骨敲击试验
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Patellar subluxation or dislocation,髌骨半脱位或脱位
+Patellar tap test,髌骨敲击试验
+Patellofemoral joint,髌股关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Patellofemoral tests,髌骨测试
+Pathobiological mechanisms,病理生物学机制
+of clinical reasoning,临床推理
+pain,疼痛
+tissue responses and healing,组织反应和愈合
+"Pathology, serious, of shoulder",病变，严重，肩部
+Patients’ perspectives on hip region,患者对髋区的观点
+on knee region,膝区
+for examination,检查
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+Pattern recognition,识别模式
+"Pectoralis major, length testing of",长度测试
+"Pectoralis minor, length testing of",长度测试
+Pelvic floor,盆底
+Pelvic region,骨盆区
+Pelvic tilt,骨盆倾斜
+"Pelvic torsion test/Gaenslen’s, for pelvis",用于骨盆
+Pelvis,骨盆
+case study,案例学习
+"examination, completion of",检查，完成
+physical examination of,体格检查
+active physiological movements,主动生理运动
+functional testing,功能测试
+muscle tests,肌力测试
+observation,视诊
+pain provocation tests,疼痛激发测试
+palpation,触诊
+passive accessory movements,附属运动
+pelvic floor,盆底
+plan of,计划
+subjective examination of,主观检查
+behaviour of symptoms,症状表现
+history of the present condition,现病史
+imaging and investigations,影像和调查
+nature of symptoms,症状性质
+past medical history,既往史
+patient’s perspective,患者的看法
+special questions,特殊问题
+Pelvis girdle,骨盆带
+Peripheral nerves,外周神经
+compression of,卡压
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+formation of,形成
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+"in lumbar region, test for",在腰区，测试
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Peripheral neuropathic pain,外周神经性疼痛
+Person-focused (patient-centered care),以人为本（以患者为中心的照顾）
+communication in,沟通
+Perturbation control,干扰控制
+Pes cavus,高弓足
+Pes planus,扁平足
+Phalen’s wrist flexion test,Phalen屈腕测试
+Physical capability,体能
+Physical examination,体格检查
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+aims of,目标
+for cervicothoracic region chart,用于颈胸区
+clinical reasoning in,临床推理
+aims of,目标
+precautions/contraindications to,注意事项/禁忌症
+communication in,沟通
+providing feedback,提供反馈
+role of touch in communication,触诊在沟通中的作用
+signposting,指示
+undress negotiation,坦白谈判
+completion of,完成
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+completion of,完成
+plan of,计划
+sequence and extent of,顺序和范围
+functional ability/physical performance tests in,功能/体能测试
+for hip region,用于髋区
+interpretation of,解释
+joint integrity tests in,关节完整性测试
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+management planning form in,管理计划表
+muscle tests in,肌力测试
+neurological tests in,神经测试
+observation in,视诊
+palpation in,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+performing testing procedures in,执行测试程序
+plan of,计划
+form,表
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+planning sheet,计划表
+sensorimotor tests in,感觉运动测试
+for shoulder,用于肩区
+step by step,逐步的
+summary of,总结
+for temporomandibular joint,用于颞下颌关节
+tests,测试
+trigger points,扳机点
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+completion of,完成
+planning,计划
+Physical factors,物理因素
+"Physical impairments, associated structure/tissue sources and",躯体损伤和相关结构/组织来源
+Physical opportunity,身体和社会机遇
+Physical performance tests,体能测试
+Physical tests,体格测试
+Physiotherapy consultations,物理治疗咨询
+content of,目录
+challenging conversations,具有挑战性的对话
+documenting psychological distress,记录心理困扰
+interruptions,中断
+PIE. See Passive intervertebral examination,椎间关节被动检查
+Pinch-grip strengths,捏-握力
+measurement of,测量
+Pinch-grip test,捏-握测试
+Pink flags,粉旗征
+Pinprick sensation,针刺觉
+lower limb and,下肢
+Piriformis,梨状肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Pisohamate. See Guyon’s canal,尺神经管
+Pisotriquetral joint,豆三角关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+Pivot shift test,轴移测试
+Planetary model,行星模型
+of reasoning,推理
+Planning sheet,计划表
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+Plantar response,跖反应
+thoracic region and,胸区
+for upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+Plica syndrome,滑膜皱襞综合征
+Poor treatment,疗效差
+outcome of,结局
+in subjective examination,在主观检查中
+Posterior cruciate ligament,后交叉韧带
+injury to,损伤
+Posterior drawer test,后抽屉试验
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for shoulder instability,用于肩关节不稳
+Posterior gapping/compression test,后间隙/加压试验
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+"Posterior shear test, for pelvis",用于骨盆
+Posterior shoulder tightness (PST),后肩僵硬
+Posterior stability tests,后方稳定测试
+Posterolateral rotatory instability,后外旋转不稳
+tests for,测试
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Posttraumatic stress reactions,创伤后应激反应
+Postural stability,姿势稳定性
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+Posture,姿势
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+in foot and ankle examination,在足踝的检查
+in hip region examination,在髋区的检查
+ideal alignment,理想对位
+of lumbar region,腰区
+in nonverbal behaviours,非言语行为中
+observation of,视诊
+in knee region examination,在膝区的检查
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Pott disease,Pott病（脊柱结核病）
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+PPIVMs. See Passive physiological intervertebral movements,被动的椎间生理运动
+Precautions,注意事项
+to physical examination,体格检查
+of elbow region,肘区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+Predictive values,预测值
+in physical examination,体格检查
+Predominant pain mechanism,主要疼痛机制
+"Prehension, of hand",抓握，手
+Pressure biofeedback unit,压力生物反馈装置
+Previous history,既往史
+knee region and,膝区
+Primary bone tumours,原发性骨肿瘤
+in elbow region,在肘区
+"Prodromal stage, of cancer",前驱期，肿瘤
+"Prognosis, of clinical reasoning",预后，临床推理
+"Pronator syndrome, test for",旋前肌综合征，测试
+Pronator teres,旋前肌
+Prone knee bend,俯卧位屈膝
+Prone push-up test,俯卧位撑起测试
+Propositional knowledge,命题知识
+Proprioception,本体感觉
+for cervical arterial dysfunction,颈动脉功能障碍
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for upper cervical region,用于上颈椎区
+Prosody,韵律
+first impressions and,第一印象
+PST. See Posterior shoulder tightness,后肩僵硬
+Psychological capability,心理能力
+Psychological distress,心理压力
+documenting,记录
+in physiotherapy consultations,在物理治疗咨询中
+Psychosocial factors,心理社会因素
+in recovery and treatment response,在恢复和治疗反应中
+Psychosocial yellow flags,社会心理的黄旗征
+Pubic symphysis,耻骨联合
+lumbar region and,腰区
+"Pulses, palpation of",脉搏，触诊
+for cervical arterial dysfunction,颈动脉功能障碍
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+Push-up test,推起测试
+Quadratus lumborum,腰方肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Qualitative analysis of single-leg loading (QASL),单腿负荷的定性分析
+Quality of movement,运动质量
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+Question,问题
+agenda setting and,议程设置
+styles,风格
+involve handling over control,涉及控制权处理
+sensitive questioning,敏感问题
+Socratic questions,苏格拉底式提问
+TED questions,“告诉，解释，描述”式提问
+RA. See Rheumatoid arthritis,类风湿性关节炎
+Radial artery,桡动脉
+Allen test for,Allen测试
+Radial nerve,桡神经
+palpation of,触诊
+test for,测试
+upper-limb neurodynamic test for. See ULNT 2b,上肢神经动力学测试
+Radial nerve compression,桡神经卡压
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Radial tunnel syndrome,桡管综合征
+test for,测试
+Radiocarpal joint,桡腕关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+inferior radioulnar joint and,下桡尺关节
+Radiograph,放射学
+of elbow region,肘区
+of foot and ankle,足踝
+in subjective examination,主观检查
+of wrist and hand examination,腕手检查
+"Radius, dislocation of the head of",桡骨，小头脱位
+Range of movement,关节活动度
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+"Rapport, with patients",亲善，和患者
+RCRSP. See Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain,肩袖相关的肩部疼���
+Reagan’s test,Reagan测试
+Reassessment,复评
+of patient’s asterisks,被标记星号的患者
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for temporomandibular joint,用于颞下颌关节
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+for wrist and hand,用于腕手
+Rectus capitis anterior,头前直肌
+Rectus femoris,股直肌
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Red-flag system,红旗征系统
+Red flags,红旗征
+hierarchical list of,分级列表
+Referred pain,牵涉痛
+from viscera,源于内脏
+Reflective motivation,反思性动机
+Reflex changes,反射改变
+Reflex testing,反射检查
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for temporomandibular joint,用于颞下颌关节
+for upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+Regional interdependence,区域互存
+definition of,定义
+Relationship of symptoms,症状间关系
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Remote consultations,远程咨询
+clear signposting,明确的指示
+gaining consent,获得同意
+starting the call,开始通话
+technology concerns,技术问题
+Repeated movements,重复动作
+Resistance,抗阻
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+movement diagrams for,运动图
+Resisted external derotation test,抗阻反向外旋测试
+for hip region,用于髋区
+Respiration,呼吸
+rib mechanics during,肋骨力学
+thoracic region and,胸区
+Respiratory disease,呼吸系统疾病
+history of,病史
+Reversed natural apophyseal glides,生理性小面关节反向滑动
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),类风湿性关节炎
+lumbar region and,腰区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Ribcage,胸腔
+examination of,检查
+during respiration,在呼吸中
+Ribs,肋骨
+accessory movements to,附属运动
+"mechanics of, during respiration",力学，在呼吸中
+Romberg’s test,Romberg’s试验（闭目直立试验）
+Roos test,Roos试验（上臂缺血试验/抬臂加压试验）
+"Rotation, to cervical spine",旋转，颈椎
+Rotation PPIVM,被动的椎间旋转生理运动
+Rotator cuff pathology tests,肩袖病变改变
+for shoulder,用于肩区
+empty and full-can tests,倒罐和满罐试验
+external rotation lag sign as,外旋减弱征
+Gerber ‘lift-off’,Gerber“抬离”试验
+Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP),肩袖相关的肩部疼痛
+Sacral nerve roots,骶神经根
+myotome testing for,肌节测试
+"Sacral thrust test, for pelvis",骶骨冲击测试，用于骨盆
+Sacroiliac joints (SIJ),骶髂关节
+active straight-leg raise (ASLR) test for,主动直腿抬高测试
+behaviour of symptoms aggravating factors,症状表现加重因素
+easing factors,缓解因素
+distraction/anterior gapping test for,分离/前间隙测试
+Gaenslen’s/pelvic torsion test for,Gaenslen/骨盆扭转测试
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+lumbar region and,腰区
+pain provocation tests for,疼痛激发测试
+palpation of,触诊
+posterior gapping/compression test for,后间隙/加压试验
+posterior shear test for,后撕裂测试
+sacral thrust test for,骶骨冲击测试
+standing hip flexion test (Gillet test) for,站位髋屈测试（(Gillet测试）
+Saphenous nerve test,隐神经检查
+SAPS. See Sub-acromial pain syndrome,肩峰下疼痛综合征
+Scalenes,斜角肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length testing,肌力测试
+Scaphoid fractures,舟状骨骨折
+Scaphoid shift test,舟状骨移位试验
+"Scapula, role of",肩胛骨，角色
+Scapular assistance test,肩胛骨辅助试验
+Scapular dyskinesis,肩胛骨运动障碍
+Scapular strength,肩胛骨肌肌力
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+Scheuermann’s disease,Scheuermann病（少年性椎体软骨病）
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Sciatic nerve palpation,坐骨神经触诊
+SCM. See Sternocleidomastoid Scoliosis,胸锁乳突肌性脊柱侧凸
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Seated heel lock position,坐位足跟锁定姿势
+for testing axial rotation,用于测试轴向旋转
+SEBT. See Star excursion balance test,星形平衡测试
+Semispinalis capitis,头半棘肌
+Semispinalis cervicis,颈半棘肌
+"Sensation, abnormal",感觉，正常
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Sensitive questioning,敏感问题
+Sensitivity,灵敏度
+in physical examination,��格检查
+Sensorimotor control,运动感觉控制
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+Sensorimotor testing,运动感觉测试
+for cervicothoracic region,用于颈胸区
+"Sensory aura, migraine and",感觉先兆，偏头痛
+Sensory changes,感觉改变
+Sensory loss,感觉缺失
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in knee region,在膝区
+Serious pathology,严重病变
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Serratus anterior,前锯肌
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Severe symptoms,严重的症状
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+"Severity, of symptoms",严重程度，症状
+Shared decision-making,共同决策
+Shingles,带状疱疹
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Short-leg gait,短腿步态
+"Shoulder, examination of",肩，检查
+abnormal sensation in,感觉异常
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+areas relevant to the region being examined in,检查部位相关区
+biceps test and,肱二头肌测试
+body chart in,身体图示
+case study and,案例学习
+completion of,完成
+easing factors in,缓解因素
+glenohumeral joint instability and,盂肱关节不稳
+investigations in,调查
+muscle tests and,肌力测试
+control in,控制
+strength in,肌力
+neurological examination and,神经检查
+observation in,视诊
+pain in,疼痛
+quality of,质量
+palpation in,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+posterior shoulder tightness and,后肩僵硬
+past medical history in,既往史
+physical,物理的
+present condition in,现状
+history of,病史
+referred symptoms to,牵涉症状
+from wrist and hand,源于腕手
+rotator cuff pathology tests and,肩袖病变测试
+empty and full-can tests,倒罐和满罐试验
+external rotation lag sign as,外旋减弱征
+"Gerber ‘lift-off,’",Gerber“抬离”试验
+rotator cuff-related shoulder pain in,肩袖相关的肩部疼痛
+stage of the condition in,状态阶段
+subjective,主观
+patient’s perspective on,患者的看法
+serious pathology in,严重病变
+superior labral anterior-posterior tests and,上盂唇前后向测试
+active compression test,主动加压测试
+biceps load tests I and II,肱二头肌负荷测试Ⅰ和Ⅱ
+symptoms in,症状
+area of current,当前区域
+behaviour of,行为
+morning and evening,早晨和晚上
+neurological,神经系统
+night,夜间
+relationship of,关系
+vascular,血管
+trauma in,创伤
+history of,病史
+vascular assessment and,血管评估
+Shoulder abduction test,肩外展试验
+Shoulder girdle,肩带
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS),肩关节撞击综合征
+Shoulder instability,肩关节不稳
+apprehension test for,恐惧试验
+load and shift test for,负荷和转移测试
+posterior drawer test,后抽屉试验
+sulcus sign for,凹陷征
+Shoulder joint,肩关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Shoulder symptom modification procedures (SSMPs),肩症状改善程序
+Shoulder tests,肩关节试验
+Shuttle walking test,穿梭行走试验
+Side-flexion PPIVM,被动的椎间侧屈生理运动
+Sideways step down/landing test,侧向下/着陆测试
+Signposting,指示
+in physical examination,体格检查
+in remote consultations,远程咨询
+SIJ. See Sacroiliac joints,骶髂关节
+Single-leg squat,单腿蹲
+SIS. See Shoulder impingement syndrome,肩关节撞击综合征
+Skin colour,肤色
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Skin moisture,皮肤水分
+localized increase of,局部增加
+SLAP tests. See Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tests,上盂唇前后向测试
+SLR. See Straight-leg raise,直腿抬高
+Slump test,塌陷测试
+Small fibre testing,小纤毛测试
+Small talk,闲聊
+first impressions and,第一印象
+SMART goals,SMART目标
+"Smiling, in nonverbal behaviours",非言语行为中
+Smooth pursuit neck torsion test,平滑跟踪颈部扭转试验
+SNAGs. See Sustained natural apophyseal glides,持续生理性小面关节滑动
+SNOOP mnemonic,SNOOP助记符号
+yellow flag screening using,筛查用黄旗征
+"SOAP. See Subjective, objective, analysis and plan",主观、客观、分析和计划
+Social history,社会史
+for examination,检查
+in elbow region,在肘区
+foot and ankle examination,足踝检查
+subjective examination and,主观检查
+Social opportunity,社会机遇
+Socratic questions,苏格拉底式提问
+Soft tissues,软组织
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+foot and ankle examination and,足踝检查
+hip region examination and,髋区检查
+knee region examination and,膝区检查
+observation of,视诊
+wrist and hand examination and,腕手检查
+"Soleus, muscle length of",比目鱼肌，肌长度
+Special tests,特殊试验
+Specificity,特异度
+in physical examination,体格检查
+Speed of movement,运动速度
+in active physiological movements,在主动生理运动中
+"Speed’s test, for bicipital tendinopathy",Speed测试，用于肱二头肌腱病变
+"Spinal cancer, red-flag screening for",脊柱癌症，筛查红旗征
+Spinal cord compression,脊髓压迫
+Spinal fracture,脊柱骨折
+red-flag screening for,筛查红旗征
+Spinal manipulation,脊柱手法
+clinical prediction rules of,临床预测规则
+criteria for,标准
+Spinal masqueraders,脊柱伪装者
+"Spinal spondylolysis, presence of",脊柱峡部裂，存在
+Spine,脊柱
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Splenius capitis,头夹肌
+Spondylosis,椎关节强直
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Sports-related chronic groin pain,运动相关的慢性腹股沟疼痛
+Spurling’s neck compression test,Surling颈部加压测试
+Squeeze test,挤压试验
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for hip region,髋区
+SSMPs. See Shoulder symptom modification procedures,肩症状改善程序
+Stage of condition,状态阶段
+Stages-of-change model,变革阶段模型
+Stair climbing tests,爬楼梯试验
+Stand-up test,站立测试
+Standard active testing,标准主动测试
+Standing hip flexion test (Gillet test),站位屈髋测试（Gillet测试）
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Stanmore Triangle,Stanmore三角
+shoulder instability and,肩关节不稳
+Star excursion balance test (SEBT),星形平衡测试
+STarT MSK Tool,STarT MSK工具
+Step-by-step approach,循序渐进的方法
+to subjective and physical examination,主观印象和体格检查
+Step down/single leg landing/load acceptance test,下台/单腿着陆/承载试验
+"Stereognosis, of hand",实体觉，手
+Sternoclavicular joint,胸锁关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+Sternocleidomastoid (SCM),胸锁乳突肌肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+Sternocostal fibres,胸肋纤维
+length testing of,长度测试
+Sternocostal joints,胸肋关节
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+Steroid therapy,类固醇治疗
+Stiff shoulder,肩关节僵硬
+Stiffness,僵硬
+in elbow region,在肘区
+Straight-leg raise (SLR),直腿抬高
+"Stretch pattern, regular",拉伸模式，规律的
+Stroke,卒中
+Sub-acromial pain syndrome (SAPS),肩峰下疼痛综合征
+"Subclinical stage, of cancer",亚临床分期，癌症
+"Subjective, objective, analysis and plan (SOAP)",主观，客观，分析和计划
+Subjective examination,主观检查
+aggravating and easing factors in,加重和缓解因素
+aim of,目标
+body chart for,身体图示
+abnormal sensations in,感觉异常
+area of current symptoms in,当前症状区
+areas relevant to the region being examined in,检查部位相关区
+of cervicothoracic region,颈胸区
+assessment tools and patient reported outcome measures,评估工具和患者报告的结局指标
+patients’ perspective,患者观点
+"chronicity, risk factors for",慢性，危险因素
+clinical reasoning in,临床推理
+"form of, using hypothesis categories",形式，使用假设分类
+of elbow region,肘区
+family history in,家族史
+"function of, impact on",功能，影响
+of hip region,髋区
+history of present condition in,现病史
+of knee region,膝区
+of lumbar region,腰区
+pain in,疼痛
+characteristics of,特征
+definition of,定义
+dimensions of,范围
+intensity,强度
+quality of,性质
+referred,牵涉的
+past medical history in,既往史
+patient’s perspective in,患者的观点
+of pelvis,用于骨盆
+physical examination,体格检查
+plan in,计划
+"radiographs, medical imaging and tests in",放射学，医学影像和测试
+screening/special questions for,筛查/特殊问题
+cancer in,癌症
+cardiovascular disease in,心血管疾病
+cervical artery dysfunction in,颈动脉功能障碍
+diabetes mellitus in,糖尿病
+drug therapy in,药物治疗
+epilepsy in,癫痫
+general health in,健康状况
+human immunodeficiency virus,人免疫缺陷病毒
+hypermobility spectrum disorder in,高迁移谱症
+inflammatory arthritis in,炎症性关节炎
+neurological symptoms in,神经症状
+neuropathic pain symptoms in,神经性疼痛症状
+osteoporosis in,骨质疏松
+respiratory disease in,呼吸系统疾病
+thyroid disease in,甲状腺疾病
+tuberculosis in,结核病
+weight loss in,体重减轻
+of shoulder,肩部
+stage of condition in,状态阶段
+summary of,总结
+symptoms in,症状
+constant or intermittent,持续或间歇
+evening,晚上
+morning,早晨
+night,夜间
+relationship of,关系
+severity and irritability,严重性和激惹性
+twenty-four-hour behaviour of,24小时行为
+of thoracic region,胸区
+of upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Suboccipital muscle group,枕下肌群
+Subscapularis,肩胛下肌
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+tendinopathy,肌腱病变
+Gerber ‘lift-off’ for,Gerber“抬离”试验
+Subtalar joint,距下关节
+Sulcus sign,凹陷征
+for shoulder instability,用于肩关节不稳
+Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tests,上盂唇前后向测试
+for shoulder region,用于肩区
+active compression test,主动加压测试
+biceps load tests I and II,肱二头肌负荷测试Ⅰ和Ⅱ
+Superior radioulnar joint,上桡尺关节
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+Superior tibiofibular joint,上胫腓关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+Supine internal rotation in,仰卧位内旋
+degrees abduction,外展角度
+shoulder region and,肩区
+Supracondylar process syndrome,髁上突综合征
+test for,测试
+Suprascapular nerve,肩胛上神经
+palpation of,触诊
+Supraspinatus,冈上肌
+full-thickness tears of,全层撕裂
+external rotation lag sign for,外旋减弱征
+tear or tendinopathy of,撕裂或肌腱病变
+empty and full-can tests for,空罐和满罐试验
+Surgery,手术
+previous,之前
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Sustained movements,持续运动
+in active physiological movements,主动生理运动
+Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs),持续生理性小面关节滑动
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+headache,头痛
+upper cervical traction,上颈椎牵引
+Sustained single-leg stance,持续单腿站立
+for hip region,髋区
+Swan-neck deformity of fingers,鹅颈指畸形
+Sway-back posture,摆背姿势
+Sweater finger sign test,Sweater手势测试
+Sweep test,扫描测试
+Swelling,肿胀
+of elbow region,肘区
+observation of,视诊
+sudden,突发的
+"of wrist and hand, tests for",腕手，测试
+Symphysis pubis,耻骨联合
+Symptom modification,症状改善
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Symptoms,症状
+aggravating factors of,加重因素
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+behaviour of,行为
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+constant or intermittent,持续或间歇
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+evening,晚上
+irritability of,激惹
+morning,早上
+morning and evening,早晨和晚上
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+neurological,神经系统
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+neuropathic pain,神经性疼痛
+night,夜间
+relationship,关系
+relationship of,关系
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+severity and irritability,严重性和激惹性
+severity of,严重性
+twenty-four-hour behaviour of,24小时行为
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+Systematic palpation,系统触诊
+suggested approach to,建议的方法
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in wrist and hand,在腕手
+Table-top relocation test,桌面安装测试
+Talar tilt,距骨倾斜
+Talocrural joint,距小腿关节
+anterior impingement sign of,前方撞击征
+Talus,距骨
+osteochondral defects affecting,软骨缺损影响
+Tandem gait,踵趾步态
+Tarsometatarsal joints,跗跖关节
+TB. See Tuberculosis,结核病
+Technology,技术
+concerns,关注
+in remote consultations,远程咨询
+Tectorial membrane,覆膜
+distraction test for,分离测试
+TED questions,“告诉，解释，描述”式提问
+Temperature sensation,温度觉
+"Temporal artery, palpation of",触诊
+Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD),颞下颌关节功能障碍（TMD）
+classification of,分类
+multidisciplinary team approach to,多学科团队方法
+AROM,主动活动度
+diagnosis,诊断
+HPC,假设结论
+impact on function,对功能的影响
+beliefs and,信仰
+expectations,预期
+informal observation,非��规的视诊
+intraoral observation,口内视诊
+lifestyle/occupation/homelife,生活方式/作业/家庭生活
+outcome measures,结局指标
+palpation,触诊
+planning the objective,规划目标
+screening questions,筛查问题
+strength testing,肌力测试
+other nontemporomandibular joint causes of,其它非颞下颌关节源性
+"relationship between the cervical spine, thoracic and",颈椎，胸椎间关系
+signs and symptoms of,征状和症状
+Temporomandibular joint (TMJ),颞下颌关节（TMJ）
+abnormal sensation in,感觉异常
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+anatomy review of,复习解剖
+area of current symptoms in,当前症状区
+areas relevant to the region being examined in,检查部位相关区
+articular disc in,关节盘
+bite test for,咬合测试
+bruxism and,磨牙症
+case study for,案例学习
+cervical arterial dysfunction and,颈动脉功能障碍
+clenching and,咬紧
+clicking and,弹响声
+clinical tests and,临床测试
+validity of,有效性
+completion of,完成
+cranial nerve disorders and,颅神经疾病
+deflection of,解散
+dental disorders and,牙科疾病
+deviation of,偏差
+dynamic loading and distraction in,动态负荷和分离
+easing factors in,缓解因素
+headaches and,头痛
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+miscellaneous test for,其他测试
+muscle tests and,肌力测试
+endurance testing,耐力测试
+isometric,等长的
+muscle control,肌肉控制
+muscle strength,肌力
+neurological tests for,神经测试
+dermatomes,皮节
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+myotomes,肌节
+neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+reflex testing,反射检查
+observation of,视诊
+formal,正规的
+informal,非正规的
+of intraoral environment,口腔环境
+of muscle form,肌肉形态
+of posture,姿势
+of soft tissues,软组织
+overpressures to,过压
+pain in,疼痛
+intensity of,强度
+myogenic,肌源性
+quality of,性质
+palpation of,触诊
+via external auditory meatus,经外耳道
+parafunctional habits in,机能异常的习惯
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运动
+past medical history in,既往史
+physical examination of,体格检查
+plan of,计划
+present condition for,现状
+history of,病史
+subjective examination for,主观检查
+body chart for,身体图示
+patient’s perspective in,患者的看法
+special questions and red-flag screening,特殊问题和筛查红旗征
+symptoms in,症状
+aggravating factors of,加重因素
+behaviour of,行为
+constant or intermittent,持续或间歇性
+ear,耳
+morning and evening,早晨和晚上
+night,夜间
+trismus and,张口受限
+Temporomandibular region,颞下颌区
+Tenderness,压痛
+of bone,骨
+"Tendinopathy, elbow",肌腱病变，肘关节
+"lateral, symptom modification for",外侧，症状改善
+medial,内侧
+Tennis elbow,网球肘
+tests for,测试
+Tenodesis action,肌腱固定作用
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Tension-type headache (TTH),紧张型头痛
+Tensor fasciae latae,阔筋膜张肌
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Thenar eminence,大鱼际
+muscle strength testing in,肌力测试
+Thessaly test,Thessaly测试
+Thigh,大腿
+symptoms,症状
+referred from,牵涉
+knee region and,膝区
+Thigh thrust test,大腿冲击测试
+for pelvis,用于骨盆
+Thompson’s test,Thompson测试
+for Achilles tendon rupture,用于跟腱断裂
+Thoracic disc,胸椎间盘
+Thoracic outlet syndrome,胸廓出口综合征
+test for,测试
+Thoracic region,胸区
+abnormal sensation in,感觉异常
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+differentiation and symptom modification for,鉴别和症状改善
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+areas relevant to the region being examined in,检查部位相关区
+assessment tools and patient reported outcome measures in,评估工具和患者报告的结局指标
+body chart in,身体图示
+case study in,案例学习
+complaint in,主诉
+history of,病史
+completion of,完成
+drug history in,用药史
+easing factors in,缓解因素
+general health in,健康状况
+"investigations, injections and imaging in",调查，注射和影像
+miscellaneous tests and,其他测试
+muscle testing and,肌力测试
+neurological integrity in,神经系统完整性
+neurological testing and,神经系统测试
+observation in,视诊
+of aggravating functional activities or positions,症状加重的功能活动或姿势
+formal,正规的
+informal,非正规的
+pain in,疼痛
+intensity of,强度
+palpation in,触诊
+passive accessory intervertebral movements in,椎间关节被动附属运动
+passive physiological intervertebral movements in,被动的椎间生理运动
+past medical history in,既往史
+patient’s perspective in,患者的看法
+pattern recognition and differential diagnosis in,识别模式和鉴别诊断
+"physical, plan of",计划
+presenting condition in,现状
+in ribcage,胸���
+"during respiration,",在呼吸中
+special/screening questions for,特殊/筛查问题
+state of the condition in,状况
+subjective,主观
+symptoms in,症状
+area of current,当前区域
+behaviour of,行为
+constant or intermittent,持续或间歇
+morning and evening,早晨和晚上
+neurological,神经系统
+night,夜间
+relationship of,关系
+vascular,血管
+thoracic spine and,胸椎
+upper motor nerve lesions and,上运动神经元损伤
+vascular tests and,血管测试
+Thoracic spine,胸椎
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+lumbar region and,腰区
+overpressures to,过压
+overview of,概述
+wrist and hand symptoms referred to,腕手部症状
+Thoracic spine dysfunction,胸椎功能障碍
+kinetic chain and,运动链
+Thoracic spine pain,胸椎疼痛
+pattern recognition and differentiation for,识别模式和鉴别
+Thumb,大拇指
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+"Thyroid disease, history of",甲状腺疾病，病史
+Thyroid dysfunction,甲状腺功能障碍
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in wrist and hand examination,在腕手的检查
+Tibial nerve palpation,胫神经触诊
+"Tibial tubercle, enlarged",胫骨结节，放大
+Tibialis anterior,胫前肌
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Tibialis posterior,胫后肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+muscle length of,肌长度
+Tibiofemoral joint,胫股关节
+accessory movements of,附属运动
+Tinel test,Tinel测试
+Tinel’s sign,Tinel征
+at wrist,腕
+Tissue resistance,软组织抵抗
+"Tissue responses, healing and",软组织反应，愈合
+"Tissue sources, physical impairments and",组织来源，躯体损伤
+TMD,颞下颌关节功能障碍
+TMJ,颞下颌关节
+Toe extension,趾伸
+Toe standing,足趾站立
+Tongue scalloping,舌苔
+Touch,触诊
+role of,角色
+in physical examination,体格检查
+Transverse ligament,横韧带
+Trapezius,斜方肌
+length testing of,长度测试
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Trauma,创伤
+in ankle,在踝
+in elbow region,在肘区
+history of,病史
+shoulder and,肩
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+to wrist and hand,腕手
+Treatment planning,治疗计划
+of clinical reasoning,临床推理
+Trendelenburg gait,鸭步
+Trendelenburg sign,Trendelenburg征
+Triangular fibrocartilaginous complex load test,三角软骨复合体负荷试验
+Triceps jerk,肱三头肌反射
+Trigger points,扳机点
+active,激活
+referred pain in,牵涉痛
+Trismus,张口受限
+temporomandibular joint and,颞下颌关节
+Trochanteric bursitis,转子滑囊炎
+Trunk muscles,躯干肌
+muscle control of,肌肉控制
+test of,测试
+TTH. See Tension-type headache Tuberculosis (TB),紧张型头痛结核
+history of,病史
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Twenty-four-hour behaviour of symptoms,24小时症状表现
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in elbow region,在肘区
+in foot and ankle,在足踝
+in hip region,在髋区
+in knee region,在膝区
+in lumbar region,在腰区
+in pelvis,在骨盆
+in temporomandibular joint,在颞下颌关节
+in upper cervical region,在上颈椎区
+UCI. See Upper cervical instability,上颈椎不稳
+UCS. See Upper cervical spine,上颈椎
+"Ulna, fracture of",骨折
+Ulnar artery,尺动脉
+Allen test for,Allen测试
+Ulnar drift,尺侧偏移
+Ulnar nerve,尺神经
+compression neuropathy tests,神经卡压试验
+compression of,卡压
+test for,测试
+of upper limb,上肢
+upper-limb neurodynamic test for. See ULNT 3,上肢神经动力学测试
+ULNT 1,上肢神经动力学测试1
+ULNT 2a,上肢神经动力学测试2a
+ULNT 2b,上肢神经动力学测试2b
+ULNT 3,上肢神经动力学测试3
+ULNTs. See Upper limb neurodynamic tests,上肢神经动力学测试
+Ultrasound,超声成像
+of foot and ankle,足踝
+of wrist and hand,腕手
+Unstable surface (soft mat),表面不稳（软面）
+Upper cervical instability (UCI),上颈椎不稳
+innervation of,神经支配
+Upper cervical region,上颈椎区
+active physiological movements of,主动生理运动
+differentiation tests,鉴别试验
+anatomical,解剖的
+overview of,概述
+body chart for,身体图示
+completion of examination for,完成检查
+definition,定义
+C0-C1 (atlanto-occipital joint),寰枕关节
+C1-C2 (atlantoaxial joint),寰枢关节
+C2-3 facet joints,C2-3关节突关节
+muscle testing for,肌力测试
+isometric testing,等长测试
+isotonic testing,等张测试
+muscle length,肌长度
+muscle strength,肌力
+neurological testing for,神经系统测试
+nervous system,神经系统
+integrity of,完整性
+neurodynamic tests,神经动力学测试
+upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+pathological reflex testing for,病理反射检查
+observation for,视诊
+palpation in,触诊
+nerve,神经
+passive accessory intervertebral movements of,椎间关节被动附属运动
+passive intervertebral examination for,椎间关节被动检查
+physical examination for,体格检查
+relationship of symptoms,症状间关系
+risk factors of,危险因素
+sensorimotor control,感觉运动控制
+subjective examination for,主观检查
+patient’s perspective,患者的看法
+special questions,特殊问题
+sustained natural apophyseal glides,持续生理性小面关节滑动
+"symptoms, behaviour of",症状，行为
+aggravating factors,加重因素
+easing factors,缓解因素
+twenty-four-hour,24小时
+Upper cervical spine (UCS),上颈椎
+dizziness,眩晕
+innervation of,神经支配
+Upper limb,上肢
+dermatomes of,皮肤病
+median nerve of,正中神经
+nerves of,神经
+Upper limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTs),上肢神经动力学测试
+Upper motor neurone lesion,上运动神经元损伤
+test for,测试
+Valgus stress tests,外翻应力测试
+Valgus test,外翻测试
+in elbow region,在肘区
+VAs. See Vertebral arteries,椎动脉
+Vascular assessment,血管评估
+for shoulder,用于肩区
+Vascular symptoms,血管症状
+in cervicothoracic region,在颈胸区
+in shoulder,在肩部
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Vascular tests,血管测试
+for foot and ankle,用于足踝
+for hip region,用于髋区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for thoracic region,用于胸区
+Vastus intermedius,股中间肌
+muscle strength of,肌力
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Vastus lateralis,股外侧肌
+muscle strength of,肌力
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Vastus medialis,股内侧肌
+muscle strength of,肌力
+strength testing of,肌力测试
+Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO),股内斜肌
+VDT. See Vibration disappearance threshold,振动消失阈值
+Vertebral arteries (VAs),椎动脉
+dissection,解剖
+pain presentation for,疼痛表现
+dysfunction,功能障碍
+Vertebrobasilar insufficiency,椎基底动脉供血不足
+Vibration disappearance threshold (VDT),振动消失阈值
+Vibration sensation,振动觉
+Visceral complaints,内脏不适的主诉
+in thoracic region,在胸区
+Visceral pain,内脏痛
+VISI. See Volar intercalated segment instability,掌侧嵌入部分不稳
+Visual analogue scale,视觉模拟尺评分量表
+for recording pain intensity,用于记录疼痛强度
+"Visual aura, migraine and",视觉先兆，偏头痛
+Volar intercalated segment instability (VISI),掌侧嵌入部分不稳
+Volkmann ischaemic contracture,前臂缺血性肌挛缩
+WADs. See Whiplash-associated disorders,挥鞭相关疾病
+Walking tests,步行测试
+Watson (scaphoid shift) test,Watson（舟状骨位移）试验
+Weight-bearing joint,负重关节
+Weight-bearing lunge test,负重弓步测试
+Weight loss,体重减轻
+lumbar region and,腰区
+Wells score,Well评分
+for suspected deep-vein thrombosis,用于疑似深静脉血栓
+WHAT. See Wrist hyperflexion and abduction of the thumb,腕过屈和拇指外展
+Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs),挥鞭相关疾病
+Whiplash-related dizziness,挥鞭相关眩晕
+Wrist and hand,腕手
+behaviour of symptoms of,症状表现
+aggravating factors in,加重因素
+easing factors in,缓解因素
+over time,超时
+body charts of,身体图示
+"area of current symptoms in,",当前症状区
+areas relevant to the region being examined,检查部位相关区
+constant or intermittent symptoms,持续或间歇性症状
+intensity of pain,疼痛强度
+quality of symptoms,症状性质
+relationship of symptoms,症状间关系
+case study on,案例学习
+dysfunction of,功能障碍
+formal observation in,正规的视诊
+muscle form,肌肉形态
+posture,姿势
+soft tissues,软组织
+history in,历史
+past medical,既往
+of present condition,现状
+joint integrity tests for,关节完整性测试
+axial compression test (grind test),轴向加压测试（研磨试验）
+ligamentous instability test for joints of thumb and fingers,拇指和手指关节的韧带不稳测试
+lunotriquetral ballottement (Reagan’s) test in,月骨三角骨撞击（Reagan）试验
+midcarpal shift test in,腕中位移测试
+triangular fibrocartilaginous complex load test in,三角软骨复合体负荷试验
+Watson (scaphoid shift) test in,Watson（舟状骨位移）试验
+muscle tests for,肌力测试
+isometric muscle testing,等长肌力测试
+muscle length,肌长度
+muscle strength,肌力
+other muscle/tendon tests,其他肌肉/肌腱测试
+neurological testing for,神经系统测试
+"compression neuropathy, testing for",神经卡压试验，测试
+integrity of nervous system,神经系统的完整性
+neurodynamic tests in,神经动力学测试
+observation in,视诊
+formal,正规的
+informal,非正式的
+overview in,概述
+physical examination for,体格检查
+accessory movements in,附属运动
+active physiological movements in,主动生理运动
+completion of,完成
+functional testing in,功能性测试
+joint integrity tests in,关节完整性测试
+muscle tests in,肌力测试
+observation in,视诊
+palpation,触诊
+passive physiological movements in,被动生理运���
+planning of,计划
+reassessment asterisks in,复评标记星号
+special/screening questions on,特殊/筛查问题
+subjective examination for,主观检查
+behaviour of symptoms,症状表现
+body chart in,身体图示
+history of the present condition,现病史
+past medical history in,既往史
+patients’ perspective on their experience,患者对其经历的观点
+planning physical examination in,计划体格检查
+special/screening questions on,特殊/筛查问题
+symptom modification in,症状改善
+vascular assessment for,血管评估
+Allen test,Allen测试
+figure-of-eight measurement,“8”字测量
+Wrist hyperflexion and abduction of the thumb (WHAT) test,腕过屈和拇指外展测试
+Wrist joint,腕关节
+in joint clearing tests,在关节筛查测试
+for elbow region,用于肘区
+for knee region,用于膝区
+for lumbar region,用于腰区
+for scaphoid fractures,用于舟状骨骨折
+for shoulder,用于肩区
+Yellow flags,黄旗征
+Yergason’s test,Yergason测试
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