In order to understand and identify the thrust areas of high pressure distribution, the modeled components are imported to Fluent, software known for Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis [9]. In analysis the pressure distribution across the required area is analyzed by gratifying the boundary condition applied. Table 2 clearly pictures that two types of valves viz Ball valve and gate valve are subjected to 3 type of fluids. 

| Table 2: Inlet boundary conditions for CFD   |        |           |        |    |
|----------------------------------------------|--------|-----------|--------|----|
|                                              | Fluid  |           |        |    |
| Parameters                                   | Water  | Lubricant | Diesel |    |
| Density (kg/m3 )                             | 951    | 875       | 834    |    |
| Viscosity (cp)                               | 1      | 22.2      | 4      |    |
| Inlet pressure (bar)                         | 350    | 280       | 180    |    |
| Temperature (0 C)                            | 110    | 100       | 15.6   |    |
| Diain                                        | Valve1 | 87        | 87     | 87 |
| (mm)                                         | Valve2 | 51        | 51     | 51 |
| Diaout Valve1                                | 54     | 54        | 54     |    |
| (mm)                                         | Valve2 | 75        | 75     | 75 |

The CFD code of fluent 6.0 for finite volume method has 

![0_image_1.png](0_image_1.png) been utilized to solve the discretization of continuity equation and Navier stokes equation. The CFD code is commonly used to solve since it has high capability of solving the transient, compressible, turbulent and reacting flows in the finite volume grid with boundary condition and meshes [2].

![0_image_3.png](0_image_3.png)

![0_image_4.png](0_image_4.png)

## Fig. 3(A) & 3(B) Shows Sample Fluid Flow Regions Of Ball Valve For 30 Degree And 45 Degree Opens Respectively

On thorough analysis it is found that the maximum pressure is attained in the fluid flow viz. Water for both valves. The same is attained since the viscosity of water is on the lower side when compared to any other fluid considered in this study. The valve body manufactured by this particular ASTM Grade A487 material has the ability to withstand a maximum dynamic pressure of 330 bar approximately. The results obtained through computational fluid dynamics performed over ball and gate valve is shown clearly in figures 1 & 2. 

## 3.2 Finite Element Analysis

As future prospects, the ability of the proposed valve material in relation to fatigue characteristics [12] is identified using Finite Element Analysis by applying the observed results as input parameters in adoption to variation in thickness of ball valve and outer diameter of gate valve. The same is carried over to assess the stress concentration and to verify the contact status between the ball and the valve body finite element method is used. Assessments of the stress concentration, strain distribution, total deformation acting on the ball and gate valves for its different valve position is carried out. The output results for both valve types credited through finite element analysis are illustrated in figures 4 & 5.

![0_image_0.png](0_image_0.png)

![0_image_2.png](0_image_2.png)

