from organization and environment, the more domain-oriented ontology can be filled-in. 

Task Ontology: specifies terminology associated with the type of tasks and describes the problem solving structure. The objective of knowledge engineering methods is to solve problems in a specific domain. Thus, most of knowledge engineering approaches provide a collection of predefined sets of model elements for KE [16]. CommonKADS methodology also provides a set of templates in order to support KE to capture knowledge in different types of tasks. As shown in figure 1.5, there are various types of knowledge tasks that need different ontology. Thus, KE has to select the appropriate template in order to capture right knowledge and ontology. For illustration, we will use *classification template* for analytic task as an example for task ontology creation. Figure 1.6 shows the inferences structure for classification method (left side) and task ontology (right side). 

![0_image_0.png](0_image_0.png)

In the case study of a handicraft cluster, one of the knowledge intensive tasks is about product selection for exporting. Not all handicraft products are exportable due to their specifications, function, attributes, etc. Moreover, there are many criteria to select a product to be exported to specific countries. So we defined the task ontology of the product selection task (see the right side of figure 1.6). 

## 1.5 Conclusion

The most important role of ontology in knowledge management is to enable and to enhance knowledge sharing and reusing. Moreover, it provides a common mode of communication among the agents and knowledge engineer [14]. However, the difficulties of ontology creation are claimed in most literature. Thus, this study focuses on creating ontology by adopting the knowledge engineering methodology which provides tools to support us for structuring knowledge. Thus, ontology was applied to help Knowledge Management System (KMS) for the industry cluster to achieve their goals. The architecture of this system consists of three parts, 