# Hybrid Model For Solving Multi-Objective Problems Using Evolutionary Algorithm And Tabu Search

 Rjab Hajlaoui Mariem Gzara Abdelaziz Dammak Department of computer Sciences Department of computer Sciences Department of Applied Quantitative Methods Hail University Monastir University Sfax University Hail, KSA Monastir, Tunisia Sfax, Tunisia Hajlaoui.rjab@gmail.com Mariem.gzara@isimsf.rnu.tn abdelaziz.dammak@fsegs.rnu.tn Abstract—This paper presents a new multi-objective hybrid model that makes cooperation between the strength of research of neighborhood methods presented by the tabu search (TS) and the important exploration capacity of evolutionary algorithm. This model was implemented and tested in benchmark functions (ZDT1, ZDT2, and ZDT3), using a network of computers.

Keywords- Metaheuristics; hybrid method; intensification; diversification; parallelism; cooperation.

## I. Introduction

The resolution of optimization problems requires satisfaction of several contradictory objectives. The optimization of one objective can be at the expense of others. In this case, the important number of constraints, the behaviour of these objectives' functions, as well as the landscape of the Pareto Front (Convexity, discontinuities, and multi modes) put some inherent difficulties to overcome [1].

 Mainly, metaheuristics are considered as high-level algorithmic strategies that are used to guide other heuristics or algorithms in their search for the space to feasible solutions of the optimal value (in the single-objective case) and the set of optimal values (in the multi-objective case).

 Using parallel metaheuristics (tabu search method, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, etc.) permits toexploit the specific advantages of every approach and to establish a new record to find better solutions [2].

 In this optic, we propose a new cooperative model that directs search in the less explored zones and that visits the entire feasible surface. This parallel cooperative model is based on three basic components that evolve and cooperate simultaneously. These components are: Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA), Intensificator Tabu Search (ITS), and Diversificator Tabu Search (DTS).

 This paper is divided into four sections. Sections 1 and 2 simultaneously describe the Evolutionary Algorithm andthe Tabu Search. Section 3 presents our cooperative model between the elitist Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) and the Tabu Search for multi-objective optimization. 

Finally, section 4 gives experimental results and discusses the performance of our model.

II. STRENGTH PARETO EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM
 Evolutionary algorithms seem particularly suitable to solve multi-objective optimization problems because they deal simultaneously with a set of possible solutions (the so-called population). This allows to find several members of the Pareto optimal set in a single ―run‖ of the algorithm, instead of having to perform a series of separate runs as in the case of the traditional mathematical programming techniques. In addition, evolutionary algorithms are less susceptible to the shape or continuity of the Pareto front; e.g, they can easily deal with discontinuous or concave Pareto fronts.

 The choice of the SPEA method is not arbitrary. Indeed, many comparative studies [3] have been achieved on different multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and have shown that the SPEA method is clearly superior. This last method integrates only one algorithm technique established by the EA with new techniques in order to find optimal parallel solutions.

The SPEA is simultaneously based on concepts of no dominance and of elitism. In addition to an initial population of size N, the SPEA uses an external population—called archive—of size M to maintain the pareto optimal solutions. In this method, the passage from one generation to another starts with the updating of the archive. All non-dominated individuals 