

![0_image_1.png](0_image_1.png)

![0_image_0.png](0_image_0.png) 

![0_image_2.png](0_image_2.png) 

average(D) = average(D1) + **average**(D2)
and σ(D) = pσ 2(D1) + σ 2(D2) where σ is the standard deviation.

The convolution product of two normal (resp. χ 2, Poisson) distributions is a normal (resp. χ 2, Poisson) distribution.

Concatenation is commutative, so it is simple to concatenate a number of small landscapes. Hence, we can tack together many small ND-Landscapes generated exhaustively to obtain a bigger one with known neutral degree distribution. Moreover, it has been proven by Jones [21] that the FDC coefficient is unchanged when multiple copies of a problem are concatenated to form a larger problem.

## Conclusion

This paper presents the family of ND-Landscapes as a model of neutral fitness landscapes. Most of the academic fitness landscapes