IEEE proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet based Systems, Marakesh, November, 2009 learners because that guides know-how formalization and transmission. 

CSAO approach must be developed in order to enhance self-learning for instance: as base of activity simulations, or to enhance organizational learning (activity communication and practice sharing). 

## 6 **Conclusion**

According to Gurteen, "the most effective way to create a knowledge sharing culture 
- is first to start to practice. Firstly, change the culture. Secondly, put in place the knowledge sharing technology and train and educate people in its effective use. People with the appropriate knowledge sharing mindset and the appropriate knowledge sharing technology to support them will rapidly bring about a knowledge sharing culture that helps organization to better meet its business objectives" [8]. Our work proposes the accomplishment of diverse activities, which must be an example in order that most of organization's members learns to share knowledge and to use the knowledge that the experts want to share.

7 **REFERENCES** 
[1] AIR - American Institutes for Research 
(2006) *Conceptual Model*. Consulted in January 2006. http://www.air.org/concord/wai/concep tual.html
[2] Aubertin, G., Boughzala, I., & Ermine, J.L. (2003) Cartographie des connaissances critiques. *Revue* d'intelligence artificielle, vol. 17, no. 

1-3, pp. 495-502, 2003

[3] Breuker J., Van de VeldeW., CommonKADS Library for expertise modelling Reusable problem solving components, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, J. Breuker and W. Van de Velde (EDS), Amsterdam: IOS.Press 1994.

[4] CASTILLO-NAVETTY, O., et MATTA, N. A practical learning 
system for the French Textile and Apparel Institute. GESTS International Transactions on Computer Science, 1738-6438, December 2005, vol.24, n° 1, p. 8-20. 

[5] Castillo, O. (2006) CSAO: a guide to construction of practical learning system. PhD works, University of Technology of Troyes. 

[6] Dieng-Kuntz R., Corby O., Gandon F., 
Giboin A., Golebiowska J., Matta N., Ribière M., *Méthodes et outils pour la* gestion des connaissances. 2eme edition. 

Dunod éditeur. 2001. 

[7] Ermine J.L., La gestion de connaissances, J.-L. Ermine.- Hermès sciences publications, 2002.

[8] Gurteen, D. (1999) Creating a knowledge sharing culture. *Knowledge* Management Magazine, Volume 2, Issue 5, February 1999.

[9] Malvache P., Prieur P., Mastering Corporate Experience with the REX Method, Proceedings of ISMICK'93, International Synopsium on Management of industrial and corporate knowledge, Compiegne, October, 1993
[10] Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.: The knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press, 1995
[11] Tounkara T., Matta N., Ermine J.L., 
Coppens C. L'appropriation des connaissances avec MASK, In proceedings of Extration et gestion des connaissances EGC'2002 (Industrial session), Montpellier, 2002.

[12] Van Heijst G., Schreiber A. 

Wielinga B., Using Explicit Ontologies in KBS Development. *International* Journal of Human Computer Studies, Vol. 46, 1997.
[13] Wenger, E. (1998) Communities of Practice - Learning as a Social System. Systems Thinker, June 1998.