model assumes "moderate" emotional connection between language and cognitive models, which fosters the integration and does not impede it. Humboldt suggested that this relationship is characteristic of inflectional languages (such as Indo-European), inflection provided "the true inner firmness for the word with regard to the intellect and the ear" (today we would say "concepts and emotions"). The integrated dual model assumes a moderate value of synthesis, Fig. 1a, leading to interaction between language and cognition and to accumulation of knowledge. This accumulation, however, does not proceed smoothly; it leads to instabilities and oscillations, possibly to cultural calamities; this characterizes significant part of European history from the fall of Roman Empire to recent times.

Much of contemporary world is "too flat" for an assumption of a single language and culture, existing without outside influences. Fig. 2 demonstrates an evolutionary scenario for two interacting cultures that exchange differentiation and synthesis; for this case eqs. (1) are modified

![0_image_0.png](0_image_0.png)

by adding xD to the first equation and yS to the second, where x and y are small constants, while D and S are taken from the other culture. The first and second cultures initially corresponded to Figs.1a and 1b correspondingly. After the first period when the influence of the first culture dominated, both cultures stabilized each other, both benefited from fast growth and reduced instabilities.

## 5. Discussion And Future Research

Connections between the neural mechanisms, language, emotions, and cultural evolution proposed in this paper are but a first step requiring much experimental evidence and theoretical development. Influence of language on culture, the Bhartrihari-Humboldt-Nietzsche-SapirWhorf hypothesis formalized by the discussed mechanism adds a novel aspect to this old idea.