conversations.from: human
conversations.value: a description for a book titled The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture about Enlightenment with the genre: Arts & Photography, History & Criticism
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: "This immensely readable book will cause readers to rethink the Enlightenment and to see its positive aspects. It will also add crucial historical perspective to current discussions of modernity."
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the first five paragraphs for this book
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture
  Causality: divine or transcendent, , , , –60, ; efficient or physical, , , , , , , , , –72, , ; final, , , ; formal, , ; occasional, , ; secondary, ,
  Church: and culture, , –30; of England, , ; established, –56; and mysticism, , –26; and Roman Empire, –12, ; and Scripture, –36, , , ; and tolerance, , –55; Voltaire's attacks upon, –54
  Hume, David: compared with Gibbon, ; criticizes idea of moral obligation, , , ; criticizes religion, , –64, , ; criticizes substantial self, , , ; emphasizes role of passions and emotions, , , ; on essential role of moral sense and sympathy in ethics, –33, ; on Hamann, –14; on history as essential to knowledge of human nature, ; influence on Jacobi, –9; as no simple utilitarian, ; opposes theory of human rights, ; on science of man as basis of all others, ,
  Law: civil or statutory, –57, , , ; divine, , , , , , ; eternal, , , , ; of the heart, ; international, ; moral, , , , , , , , , , , , ; Mosaic, , , ; natural (prescriptive), , , , , , –63, , , , , –82, –86, , , ; of nature or natural (descriptive), , , –55, , –72, , , , , , , –98; of reason, , , , , , Law, William, , ,
  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: criticized by Kant, , –88; criticizes Descartes and Newton, –40; dynamic theory of nature, –41; monads, , , , –48; philosophical rationalism with transcendent ground of reason, , , –71; philosophical theology, –78; influences Lessing, , ; influences Malebranche, ; influences Shaftesbury, ; opposes mechanism by organicism, ; on substance, center of force, , ; on teleology in nature, ; on true ideas including existence of their object,
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: five more paragraphs
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Law: civil or statutory, –57, , , ; divine, , , , , , ; eternal, , , , ; of the heart, ; international, ; moral, , , , , , , , , , , , ; Mosaic, , , ; natural (prescriptive), , , , , , –63, , , , , –82, –86, , , ; of nature or natural (descriptive), , , –55, , –72, , , , , , , –98; of reason, , , , , , Law, William, , ,
  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: criticized by Kant, , –88; criticizes Descartes and Newton, –40; dynamic theory of nature, –41; monads, , , , –48; philosophical rationalism with transcendent ground of reason, , , –71; philosophical theology, –78; influences Lessing, , ; influences Malebranche, ; influences Shaftesbury, ; opposes mechanism by organicism, ; on substance, center of force, , ; on teleology in nature, ; on true ideas including existence of their object,
  Malebranche, Nicolas, –99; claim that God must create the simplest world, ; on faith as participation in divine nature, ; negative theology, ; occasionalism, ; on morality lying entirely in the intention, ; pure love controversy, –24; similarity with Spinoza,
  Miracles: in Clarke, ; in Hume, , –63; in Lessing, ; in Locke, ; in Malebranche, ; in Spinoza, –33, ; in Voltaire, –53
  Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de: on aesthetics, ; on ethics, ; on history, –89, , , , , ; on politics, , , , –75, , ; on tolerance,
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the last five paragraphs
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Shaftesbury, third earl of (Antony Ashley Cooper): on aesthetic taste, , ; critique by Mandeville, –30; deism, ; on genius, ; Hutcheson's interpretation of, –27; influence on Diderot, ; influence on Rousseau, –26; Kant's relation to, ; on moral sense, –22; on Platonic theory of beauty, , –89, , ; rejects utilitarianism, –24; on religion of the heart, ; on self-knowledge through feelings, –55; on the sublime,
  Symbol, symbolism: poetic imagination converts impressions into symbols, , –88, , ; Leibniz's calculator, ; Harris's theory of language, ; Lessing's theater, ; biblical symbolism, according to Reimarus, ; Butler on symbols of transcendence, , ; Kant on the Christian doctrine symbolizing the moral law, ; Berkeley on religious symbols, ; Hamann's symbolic theology, –14, ; Swedenborg's symbolic theology, –31
  Theology: Christian, , , –39, , ; negative, , ; philosophical or natural, –46, , –70, , –80, –83; symbolic, , , –14
  Vico, Giambattista: autobiography as part of history, ; and causes of Rome's decline, , ; comparison with Descartes, –91; in Counter-Enlightenment or not? 4; cyclical law of history, , –89, ; and history and providence, –202, ; on history as truth, –202; initiates universal history, ; and philology and jurisprudence, –96; and Roman law, , , ; on significance of myth, –96
  Voltaire: as anti-atheist, ; criticizes Bossuet's interpretation of Providence, –89, ; disagrees with Diderot on freedom, ; as historian, –6, ; influences Gibbon, ; knows that humans rarely follow reason, ; on moral law as universal yet variable, ; objective theory of beauty, ; often more sentimental than rational, –58; opposes Shaftesbury's universal harmony, ; polemics with the Church, –54; questions immortality, –52; ridicules possibility of evolution, ; says that natural religion is no more than morality,