conversations.from: human
conversations.value: What could be a title for a book about Robotics, P>"The, Khatib with the genre: Computers & Technology, Computer Science?
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: A title for this book could be 'Springer Handbook of Robotics'
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Give me the first five paragraphs for the book.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Springer Handbook of Robotics
  Offshore oil and gas installations are presently serviced almost exclusively by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), physically connected via a tether to receive power and data, with human divers used only for the shallowest installations. Subsea systems require extensive work capability during installation, and need frequent inspection and intervention to support drilling operations, actuate valves, repair or replace subsea components, and to accomplish a variety of tasks required to maintain production rates and product quality. The trend toward robotic and teleoperated subsea intervention is certain to continue as offshore oil and gas production moves into deeper waters, and economic considerations push key production steps from surface platforms to the seafloor. Remotely operated manipulators enable these systems to perform complex tasks such as debris removal, cleaning using abrasive tools, and to operate a variety of nondestructive testing tools. The effectiveness of using ROVs decreases with depth mainly due to the cost increase and the difficulties of handling the long tether.
  Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are free-swimming unoccupied underwater vehicles that can overcome the limitations imposed by ROV tethers for some tasks. Such vehicles carry their own energy supplies (presently batteries, perhaps fuel cells in the future) and communicate only through acoustics and perhaps optical links in the near future. Limited communications require these vehicles to operate independently of continuous human control, in many cases the vehicles operate completely autonomously. AUVs are currently used for scientific survey tasks, oceanographic sampling, underwater archeology and under-ice survey. Military applications, such as mine detection and landing site survey, are presently operational, and more ambitious applications such as long-term undersea surveillance are in engineering development. Presently, AUVs are incapable of sampling or manipulations tasks like those done routinely by ROVs, as typical work environments tend to be complex and challenging even to skilled human pilots.
  The fully actuated AUV ODIN (courtesy of the Autonomous Systems Laboratory, University of Hawaii, http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/∼asl/)
  Today, approximately 200 AUVs are operational, many of them experimental. However, they are maturing rapidly. Recently several companies now offer commercial services with AUVs. As an example, for the oil and gas industry the cost reduction of a survey performed with an AUVs instead of a towed vehicle is up to 30% and the data quality is generally higher. Likewise, commercial manufacturers in several countries now offer turnkey AUV systems for specific, well-defined tasks. Currently, remotely operated manipulators are standard equipment for most ROVs, while on the contrary autonomous manipulation is still a research challenge; the two projects SAUVIM [43.1] and ALIVE [43.2] were devoted to studying this control problem.
  Boats have been used by humans since the start of recorded history, but vehicles able to go under water are more recent. Perhaps the first recorded idea of an underwater machine came from Aristotle; according to legend he built the: skaphe andros (boat-man) that allowed Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedonia, 356-323 BC) to stay submerged for at least half a day during the war of Tiro in 325 BC. This is probably unrealistic; if true it would precede Archimedes' law, which was first articulated in approximately 250 BC. Leonardo Da Vinci may have been the first to design an underwater vehicle. His efforts were recorded in the Codice Atlantico (Codex Atlanticus), written between 1480 and 1518. Legends say that Leonardo worked on the idea of an underwater military machine but he destroyed the results as he judged them to be too dangerous. The first use of feedback theory for marine control was probably the Northseeking device, patented in 1908, that used gyroscopic principals to develop the first autopilot [43.3]. From that point on, the use of feedback theory in marine control grew continuously; it is interesting to notice that the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control commonly used today in numerous industrial applications was first formally analyzed in 1929 by Minorsky [43.4]. The first remotely operated underwater vehicle, POODLE, was built in 1953, and the ROV evolved through the 1960s and 1970s, mostly for military purposes. In the 1980s ROVs became established for use in the commercial offshore industry and began to emerge for scientific applications. The first tetherless, autonomous vehicles were built for experimental purposes in the 1970s. Currently, AUVs are becoming increasingly commonplace for scientific, military, and commercial applications. Turnkey AUV systems for a range of tasks are available from commercial vendors, and AUV services can be acquired from a number of companies [43.5].
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Give me five more paragraphs.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Ave., 73019 Norman, OK, USA
  Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zentrum, Tannenstr. 3, CLA E32, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
  This chapter provides an overview of the key ingredients that make successful education robots possible. Two very popular outlets for public interaction with robots are the robot tournament and the informal learning venue (e.g., the science museum). Section 55.2 provides a survey of the very popular world of robot-themed tournaments, which have already impacted tens of thousands of students across diverse geographic and age group boundaries [55.1,2,3,4,5]. Section 55.5 provides an overview of robotic installations in informal learning spaces. Robotic technology has now proven to have sufficient robustness and engagement to be a principal component of interactive exhibitry for a new generation of hands-on, active-learning museums [55.6].
  To make interactive, educational robots successful, a new level of technology robustness and standardization is required, and significant progress has been made on this front in the past decade. Educational robot devices consist of both hardware (preassembled or as kits or components) and software (both as source code and programming environments). Section 55.3 discusses physical robot platforms that have achieved notable success, while Sect. 55.4 describes both low-level controllers that interface those platforms to high-level computation, as well as the top-level programming environments themselves.
  Finally, an important class of tool in the study and execution of educational robotic systems is the ability to evaluate the efficacy of a robot system formally in an educational context. Numerous tools from human-computer interaction, cognitive psychology, and education have demonstrated their usefulness in this regard. Section 55.6 summarizes the manner in which conventional analytical tools may be used to evaluate unconventional educational programs that tap robotic technologies as learning tools across a variety of ages and in both formal and informal learning venues.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Give me the last two paragraphs.. End with the sentence ' She has been on the program committees of several international conferences, and has served the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society as Education Co-Chair.'.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Alexander Zelinsky is the Director of the Information and Communication Technologies Centre at the CSIRO. Before joining CSIRO, he was CEO and Founder of Seeing Machines Pty Limited and a Professor at the Australian National University, in the Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering. He is a well-known scientist specializing in robotics and computer vision, he is widely recognized as an innovator in human-machine interaction, and he has over 100 publications in the field. His work has received both national and international awards. He has served on the editorial boards of two leading publications, and on the program committees of several international conferences. He is an IEEE Fellow and has served the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society as a member of the Administrative Committee and as Vice-President for Industrial Activities.
  Daniela Rus received her PhD degree in Computer Science from Cornell University in 1992. From 1994 to 2003 she taught at Dartmouth, Hanover. Since 2004 she has been at MIT, where she is currently a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. She co-directs the CSAIL Center for robotics and is an Associate Director of CSAIL. Her research interests center on distributed robotics and mobile computing, and she has published extensively in the field. Her work in robotics aims to develop self-organizing systems and spans the spectrum from novel mechanical design and experimental platforms to developing and analyzing algorithms for locomotion, manipulation, and group control. She has received a number of awards, including the MacArthur Fellow. She has been on the program committees of several international conferences, and has served the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society as Education Co-Chair.