conversations.from: human
conversations.value: a description for a book titled A Brief History of the Hundred Years War about England, English, France with the genre: History, World
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conversations.value: For over a hundred years England repeatedly invaded France on the pretext that her kings had a right to the French throne. France was a large, unwieldy kingdom, England was small and poor, but for the most part she dominated the war, sacking towns and castles and winning battles - including such glorious victories as Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt, but then the English run of success began to fail, and in four short years she lost Normandy and finally her last stronghold in Guyenne. The protagonists of the Hundred Year War are among the most colourful in European history: for the English, Edward III, the Black Prince and Henry V, later immortalized by Shakespeare; for the French, the splendid but inept John II, who died a prisoner in London, Charles V, who very nearly overcame England and the enigmatic Charles VII, who did at last drive the English out. the author's account traces the changes that led to France's final victory and brings to life all the intrigue and colour of the last chivalric combats as they gave way to a more brutal modern warfare.
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conversations.value: the first paragraph for this book
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conversations.value: A Brief History of the Hundred Years War
  The English could scarcely believe they had lost Normandy. But refugees were swarming across the Channel. Some of the officials found new posts in England, among them a few Normans—such as Raoul le Sage, Seigneur of Saint-Pierre, and the Abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel—while several became royal 'secretaries of the French tongue', employed for correspondence with France. Others were not so lucky. Those who suffered most were the soldiers. Sir Andrew Ogard MP* did his best to help troops from his captaincy of Caen; in his will of 1454 he wrote how they 'came out of Normandy in great necessity as starving beggars'. The chronicler Robert Bate records how a large sum was raised to ship these men to Bordeaux 'to save and keep the King's right there', but the money was embezzled so they had to stay and 'became thieves and murderers in various places of this land'. It was not only the troops who suffered. In 1452 some 'churchmen, nobles, soldiers and others' from Maine petitioned Henry VI for relief; they had had to abandon 'their many benefices, lands, lordships, estates and pensions' in Maine and then during the conquest of Normandy had lost the movable goods upon which they and their families depended and 'at this moment the majority of them are utterly ruined and in a state of beggary'. A note written on the document says that the petition was not granted, adding sombrely that many petitioners had been reduced to destitution, that 'some for grief became ill and died; others were imprisoned for theft and condemned to death by law; while others still remain, as rebels, in the Kingdom of France'.
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conversations.value: five more paragraphs
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conversations.value: Charles VII, King of France (1422–61). Once Joan of Arc's pitiable Dauphin, he matured and drove out the English—here he enters Caen at its recapture in 1450 after an occupation that had lasted thirty years.
  It is impossible to give even approximate estimates of the purchasing power of late-medieval money. We know from the income-tax returns of 1436 (imposed on incomes of more than £20) that the average income of a nobleman was £865, of a well-to-do knight £208, of a lesser knight £60, of an esquire £24, and of minor gentry, merchants, yeoman and important artisans from £15 to £19. At this date a good ploughman could make perhaps £4 a year, though before the Black Death he might have made as little as 10 shillings.
  Anjou, Bedford's aims, , ; Louis, Duke of, , , , , ; Margaret of, queen of Henry VI, 244–5, ; René, Duke of, King of Sicily,
  Beaufort, Edmund, Earl and Duke of Somerset, 248–52, 256–7, , ; **Henry** , Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor, , , , ; as cardinal, 223–4, ; and Gloucester, , , , ; and release of Orleans, ; retires from politics, ; John, Earl of Somerset, ; John, Earl of Somerset, , 241–2, ; Thomas, Duke of Exeter, , ,
  Bureau, Maître Jean, master gunner to Charles VII, , , , , 256–62; career, 257–8; Gaspard, his brother, ; Mayor of Bordeaux,
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conversations.value: Delete the first sentence.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Once Joan of Arc's pitiable Dauphin, he matured and drove out the English—here he enters Caen at its recapture in 1450 after an occupation that had lasted thirty years.
  It is impossible to give even approximate estimates of the purchasing power of late-medieval money. We know from the income-tax returns of 1436 (imposed on incomes of more than £20) that the average income of a nobleman was £865, of a well-to-do knight £208, of a lesser knight £60, of an esquire £24, and of minor gentry, merchants, yeoman and important artisans from £15 to £19. At this date a good ploughman could make perhaps £4 a year, though before the Black Death he might have made as little as 10 shillings.
  Anjou, Bedford's aims, , ; Louis, Duke of, , , , , ; Margaret of, queen of Henry VI, 244–5, ; René, Duke of, King of Sicily,
  Beaufort, Edmund, Earl and Duke of Somerset, 248–52, 256–7, , ; **Henry** , Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor, , , , ; as cardinal, 223–4, ; and Gloucester, , , , ; and release of Orleans, ; retires from politics, ; John, Earl of Somerset, ; John, Earl of Somerset, , 241–2, ; Thomas, Duke of Exeter, , ,
  Bureau, Maître Jean, master gunner to Charles VII, , , , , 256–62; career, 257–8; Gaspard, his brother, ; Mayor of Bordeaux,
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conversations.value: the last five paragraphs
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conversations.value: Richard II (of Bordeaux), King, , ; accession, ; proposed marriage, ; characteristics, , ; council, , , 136–7; finances, 128–32; Peasants' Revolt, ; and Flanders, 132–3; and Scotland, ; quarrels with Gloucester and Arundel, 136–9; assumes power, ; truce of Leulinghen, ; and Guyenne, ; and Great Schism, ; murder of Gloucester and Arundel, ; deposition and death,
  Rouen, siege of (1418–19), 174–7; council at, ; troops at, before Verneuil, ; trial and burning of Joan of Arc, 219–20; temporarily taken by Dauphinists, ; attacked, 236–7; taken by Charles VII, ; Archbishop of,
  Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Earl and Duke of, 248–52, 256–7, , ; John Beaufort, Earl of, ; John Beaufort, Earl of, , 241–2,
  Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Chancellor, Earl of, ; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Harfleur), ; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Agincourt), ; **William de la Pole** , earl of, , , , ; at siege of Orleans, 210–212, ; at Tours, ; and Gloucester, 245–6; accused of selling Normandy, impeached, 254–5; murdered,
  Talbot, John, Lord, Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford, , , , , , , 216–18, , 236–40, 248–9, , ; hostage at Rouen, ; release, ; campaign in Guyenne; , 259–62; Viscount Lisle, son of, ,