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conversations.value: Do you know a description for a book titled The Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics about American, Journal, Physics with the genre: Science & Math, Physics?
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conversations.value: From the reviews: "Most serious students of physics and all of their teachers will want to consider having this orderly and graphic outline of introductory quantum theory at their fingertips." American Journal of Physics "This is a unique book." Nature
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conversations.value: Do you know the first five paragraphs for this book?
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conversations.value: The Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics
  Transitions between different energy levels effected by the absorption or emission of photons are also observed in atomic nuclei. A typical energy scale for these photons is 1MeV, compared to 1eV in atoms. Nuclear spectra are complex because the nucleus usually consists of a large number of protons and neutrons bound together by nuclear forces. Some of the low-lying levels of nuclei can be explained by the following model. Every nucleon moves in the nuclear potential owing to the presence of all the other nucleons in the nucleus. Since nucleons are fermions and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, they fill up the lowest states in a common nuclear potential, forming the ground state of the nucleus. The simplest states of higher energy are those in which a single nucleon occupies a higher state. Figure 18.2c shows the energy spectrum of the low-lying states of the carbon nucleus 12C. The nucleus contains six protons and six neutrons, that is, twelve nucleons. Since the carbon nucleus is a twelve-particle system, its spectrum, as might be expected, is rather different from the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom.
  In Section 6.8 we saw that the energy levels of periodic potentials form bands. Because a crystal is a regular lattice of atoms and therefore has spatial periodicity, the energy levels of the electrons in a crystal form such bands. Figure 6.16 indicates that the number of levels inside each band is equal to the number of single potentials, that is, to the number of atoms in the crystal. Since this is a very large number indeed, we do not expect to resolve the single energy levels within a band. Experimentally, the band hypothesis can be verified using the photoelectric effect. Monoenergetic photons of high energies, that is, monochromatic X-rays, are directed onto a crystal surface. The energy of the electrons liberated from the crystal by the photoelectric effect can be measured using the principle illustrated in Figure 1.1 or more refined techniques.
  In Figure 18.3a the energy spectrum of electrons obtained by directing monochromatic X-rays on silver is shown. The bulk of photoelectrons appears in the low-energy range between ![
  The only atom we have studied in some detail is the hydrogen atom, which consists of a proton of charge +e as nucleus and an electron of charge −e. The heavier atoms have Z protons and additional uncharged neutrons in their nucleus, and Z electrons in their hull. This Z number representing the positive charge of the nucleus of the atom of an element is its atomic number. The potential energy of a single electron in the electric field of the nucleus of a heavier atom is
  Here the forces acting between the electrons have been neglected. In Section 9.1 we learned that fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which says that two identical fermions cannot populate the same state. Let us now count the number of different states for a given value n of the principal quantum number. The angular-momentum quantum number ℓ can take the values ![
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conversations.value: Do you know five more paragraphs? End with the sentence '
  Thus, the matrix representation of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator in its eigenfunction basis is diagonal:
  In the matrix representation of the harmonic oscillator the time-dependent Schrodinger equation simply reads
  The initial condition at t = 0 for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is the initial wave function'.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Thus, generally one does not distinguish the two descriptions and says the system is in the state ϕ , often denoted by the ket  as introduced by Paul A. M. Dirac.
  The wave function  or the vector ϕ are considered merely as two representations out of which many can be invented. The same statements hold true for the representation of operators in terms of differential operators or matrices. Also these are only representations of one and the same linear transformation called linear operator. The states ϕ like the wave functions or vectors ϕ form a linear vector space with scalar product. This general space is called Hilbert space. The linear operators transform a state of the Hilbert space into another state.
  Thus, the matrix representation of the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator in its eigenfunction basis is diagonal:
  In the matrix representation of the harmonic oscillator the time-dependent Schrodinger equation simply reads
  The initial condition at t = 0 for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is the initial wave function
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conversations.value: Do you know the last four paragraphs? Start with the sentence 'This is the binomial probability distribution '.
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conversations.value: This is the binomial probability distribution. The expectation value can be computed by introducing  into the definition of  or, even simpler, from
  In Figure G.1 We show the probabilities P ( k ) for various values of n but for a fixed value of the product λ = np. The distribution changes drastically for small values of n but seems to approach a limiting distribution for very large n. Indeed, we can write
  This is the Poisson probability distribution. It is shown for various values of the parameter λ in Figure G.2. The expectation value of k is
  The Poisson distribution is markedly asymmetric for small values of λ. For large λ , however, it becomes symmetric about its mean value λ and in that case its bell shape resembles that of the Gaussian distribution.