conversations.from: human
conversations.value: What could be a title for a book about Energy, IEEE, Professor with the genre: Engineering & Transportation, Engineering?
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: A title for this book could be 'Renewable Energy System Design'
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Provide the first four paragraphs for this book.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Renewable Energy System Design
  This device takes advantage of high tidal current velocities. These devices can be grouped much like turbine windfarms except that a marine turbine for the same rated power is smaller than a wind turbine, and they can be packed closer together. Such devices will be generally 600 to 1000 KW and be less than 50% of the equivalent size wind turbine. A representation of the marine turbine can be seen in the Figure 5.27.
  A wave pump is a device that absorbs wave energy by means of a float (Figure 5.29) that oscillates up and down inside a cylindrical structure with a submerged opening through which waves can move. The energy in the waves is converted into mechanical energy by a pump with its piston rigidly connected to the float. Seawater is pumped into energy storage that is in the form of a pressure tank (or possibly an elevated water reservoir) from which a turbine can be run to complete the conversion to electrical energy. Alternatively, a hydraulic fluid, other than seawater, may be used if the system is a closed loop.
  Maximum energy capture is obtained in two ways: (1) a control system latches onto the float during certain time intervals of the wave cycle to achieve optimum timing of the float motion and (2) a control means is used to obtain optimum flow of hydraulic fluid into the energy-storage reservoir.
  The derivation of the word geothermal comes from the two Greek words geo and therine—earth and heat. Geothermal energy is derived from the natural heat of the Earth. Geothermal power plants take advantage of this natural, clean energy source for their geothermal energy systems (GES).
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Provide five more paragraphs.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Hydrolysis: This is a chemical reaction that converts complex polysaccharides in the raw feedstock to simple sugars. Acids and enzymes are used as catalysts in the process of converting biomass to bioethanol.
  Fermentation: This is a series of chemical reactions that convert sugars to ethanol. Yeast and bacteria are used as catalysts in this chemical reaction. The fermentation reaction for the glucose is:
  The future of ethanol is hopeful, but with certain limitations. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, 95 ethanol refineries produced more than 4.3 billion gallons of ethanol in 2005. An additional 40 new or expanded refineries that were scheduled to be opened by mid-2007 has increased the capacity to 6.3 billion gallons. This dramatic increase nonetheless represents just over 3% of our annual consumption of more than 200 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel. Figure 5.43 shows the projected increase in the production of ethanol and the subsequent increase in corn prices.
  Moreover, one acre of corn can produce 300 gallons of ethanol per growing season. So, in order to replace that 200 billion gallons of petroleum products, US farmers would need to dedicate 675 million acres, or 71% of the nation's 938 million acres of farmland, to growing feedstock. Clearly, ethanol alone will not end dependence on fossil fuels. One possible solution is to replace most of our oil imports with food imports.
  Biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative fuel, which contains no petroleum, produced from domestic, renewable resources. It is typically produced from waste vegetable oil but can also be produced from a large variety of oils, new or waste, or from animal fats. Biodiesel is a direct replacement for petrodiesel (petroleum-based diesel) that is made through a chemical process called "transesterification" whereby the glycerin is separated from the vegetable oil.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Provide the last three paragraphs.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Today there is a new incentive in favor of implementing a solar power satellite system; it is another source of "green energy" to reduce global warming because the Earth is getting hotter and hotter. It is recognized that oil and gas are the main sources of the pollution that causes warming. Governments around the world are taking steps to limit the use of both. It now might be easier to "sell" the SPS project to countries and governments as an alternative to fossil fuels.
  Many states are starting to think about green energy because incentives are being given to companies that are working on reducing pollution. Government funding is available for those interested in PV and other alternatives. But, to implement the SPS system, it will take more than one country and more than incentives. It will take commitment and big money from many countries around the world.
  The satellite power system, in the form of a solar power satellite system, is very simple in its conceptual design; however, the practical feasibility of one will require a lot of regulation and work. The concept is to put a PV system on a satellite placed in the geosynchronous orbit so that it remains above a fixed point on the Earth's equator. The PV will collect the Sun's radiation and produce electricity, which will be sent to Earth. An alternative concept envisions using large orbiting reflectors to reflect solar radiation to the ground, creating immense solar farms where sunlight would be available around the clock. We can also use laser beams as a transmission medium to carry the energy.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Delete the last sentence.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Today there is a new incentive in favor of implementing a solar power satellite system; it is another source of "green energy" to reduce global warming because the Earth is getting hotter and hotter. It is recognized that oil and gas are the main sources of the pollution that causes warming. Governments around the world are taking steps to limit the use of both. It now might be easier to "sell" the SPS project to countries and governments as an alternative to fossil fuels.
  Many states are starting to think about green energy because incentives are being given to companies that are working on reducing pollution. Government funding is available for those interested in PV and other alternatives. But, to implement the SPS system, it will take more than one country and more than incentives. It will take commitment and big money from many countries around the world.
  The satellite power system, in the form of a solar power satellite system, is very simple in its conceptual design; however, the practical feasibility of one will require a lot of regulation and work. The concept is to put a PV system on a satellite placed in the geosynchronous orbit so that it remains above a fixed point on the Earth's equator. The PV will collect the Sun's radiation and produce electricity, which will be sent to Earth. An alternative concept envisions using large orbiting reflectors to reflect solar radiation to the ground, creating immense solar farms where sunlight would be available around the clock.