conversations.from: human
conversations.value: a description for a book titled The Hundred Years War about French, Plantagenet, Valois with the genre: New, Used & Rental Textbooks, Humanities
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: A general study of the quarrel between Plantagenet and Valois cousins which embroiled England and France in decades of violent struggle for the control of French territory and the French throne. The book aims to go beyond the misconceptions of history to explain the true causes of the conflict.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the first four paragraphs for this book
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: The Hundred Years War
  The English could scarcely believe they had lost Normandy. But refugees were swarming across the Channel. Some of the officials found new posts in England, among them a few Normans—such as Raoul le Sage, Seigneur of Saint-Pierre, and the Abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel—while several became royal 'secretaries of the French tongue', employed for correspondence with France. Others were not so lucky. Those who suffered most were the soldiers. Sir Andrew Ogard MP did his best to help troops from his captaincy of Caen ; in his will of 1454 he wrote how they 'came out of Normandy in great necessity as starving beggars'. The chronicler Robert Bate records how a large sum was raised to ship these men to Bordeaux 'to save and keep the King's right there', but the money was embezzled so they had to stay and 'became thieves and murderers in various places of this land'. It was not only the troops who suffered. In 1452 some 'churchmen, nobles, soldiers and others' from Maine petitioned Henry VI for relief; they had had to abandon 'their many benefices, lands, lordships, estates and pensions' in Maine and then during the conquest of Normandy had lost the movable goods upon which they and their families depended and 'at this moment the majority of them are utterly ruined and in a state of beggary'. A note written on the document says that the petition was not granted, adding sombrely that many petitioners had been reduced to destitution, that 'some for grief became ill and died; others were imprisoned for theft and condemned to death by law ; while others still remain, as rebels, in the Kingdom of France'.
  At the end of May, before Cherbourg had fallen, Jack Cade (or 'John Amend-all'), a reputed Irishman and undoubted murderer who had served very briefly in Normandy, raised the men of Kent in a peculiarly ugly rebellion. One of their grievances was the betrayal in France, Sir John Fastolf being unfairly accused of running down the garrisons. If there were other reasons, notably corrupt and extortionate government, the loss of Normandy was the spark. This rising, joined by a surprising number of local gentry and even by parish constables, was a far more dangerous affair than the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. The rebels reached Blackheath, then retreated before royal troops, but when the King withdrew to Kenilworth they came back, entering London on 3 July, freeing the prisoners in the Marshalsea and storming the Tower of London. There they found the Treasurer, Lord Saye and Sele, whom they dragged off to a tavern in the Cheap where they beheaded him. Many of Cade's followers were disillusioned by the looting, and after a fierce battle on London Bridge with government troops under 'the good old Lord Scales' and Sir Matthew Gough—fresh from Normandy—which lasted throughout the night of 5 July, the rebels fled from the capital. Cade was pursued to Sussex where he was caught and killed.
  The Duke of Somerset was summoned from Calais to restore order. He was soon accused of being responsible for losing Normandy and spent a brief period in the Tower, but was saved by Queen Margaret who restored him to power. However, his government was too insecure and distracted to ward off new disasters in France. For Charles VII was now turning his attentions to Guyenne.
  Here such peace had prevailed in recent years that between 1445—1449 Guyenne exported more wine to England than ever before. To begin with the French invasion met with little success; Guyenne had belonged to the Plantagenets for 300 years, not a mere thirty, and by and large the Guyennois remained loyal to the English Duke and his distant rule. Nevertheless, as soon as he had conquered Normandy, Charles held a council of war at Tours and although it was so late in the year decided on immediate invasion. The Count of Foix came down the valley of the river Adour to take fifteen towns round Bayonne, while the Count of Penthièvre, who had brought a strong artillery-train, took Bergerac in October, and Bazas. Penthièvre then advanced on Bordeaux, routing the city militia at Blanquefort in November before retiring to winter quarters. The English tried to assemble an army of relief under Lord Rivers, but it never set sail.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: five more paragraphs
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Anjou, Bedford's aims; Louis, Duke of ; Margaret of, queen of Henry VI; René, Duke of, King of Sicily
  Beaufort, Edmund, Earl and Duke of Somerset ; **Henry,** Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor ; as cardinal ; and Gloucester ; and release of Orleans ; retires from politics; John, Earl of Somerset; John, Earl of Somerset ; Thomas, Duke of Exeter
  Bedford, Anne of Bugundy, Duchess of; Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of John, Duke of ; appointed Regent of France; motto; characteristics ; French titles ; taxation and plunder of Normandy; Triple Alliance, treaty of Amiens; marriage; strikes South; battle of Verneuil; presses on to Anjou and Maine ; alliance threatened; finances; return to France, restoration of alliance; renews offensive ; Maine rising; siege of Orleans; dispute with Philip about cessation of Orleans ; asks for reinforcements; and Joan of Arc ; and Fastolf; gives up regency and Paris to Philip ; ground lost and gained; Normandy risings; takes Louviers; regains governorship of Paris; coronation of 'Henri II'; affection for France; siege of Lagny; death of wife and remarriage; and Parliament ; returns to France, tries to raise money; illness and death at Rouen
  Brittany, succession; English occupation; war in; defection ; at Castillon; Arthur III, Duke of see Richemont; John III, Duke of; John IV, Duke of ; John V, Duke of ; brother of
  Caen, sack of (1346); sack of (1417); as centre of administration ; siege and surrender of; Abbess of
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the last four paragraphs
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Salisbury, Earl of, temp. Edward III; wife of; Richard Neville, Earl of; **Thomas Montagu,** Earl of ; military skills; at Cravant ; at Verneuil; at siege of Orleans; death; wife of
  Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Chancellor, Earl of; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Harfleur) ; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Agincourt); **William** **de la Pole,** earl of ; at siege of Orleans; at Tours; and Gloucester; accused of selling Normandy, impeached ; murdered
  Talbot, John, Lord, Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford ; hostage at Rouen; release ; campaign in Guyenne; Viscount Lisle, son of
  Ogard was a Danish mercenary, his real name being Anders Pedersen. Born about 1400, he was the son of the Knight Peder Nielsen of Aargard, of the great Gyllenstierna family. By 1425 Ogard was serving in Anjou and in 1433 he was made Captain of Vire. He was naturalized in 1436. In 1450 he was appointed Captain of Caen, which he had the melancholy duty of surrendering. In 1443—in association with Fastolf—he had received a royal licence to 'empark' land near Ware in Hertfordshire and here with the money from his French spoils he built Rye House (to be the scene of a famous plot against Charles II). Sir Andrew's wife was a Norfolk heiress and in 1453 he was elected to Parliament for that county. He died the year after and was buried at Wymondham Abbey.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: Add another sentence about Councils, Bedford, York, served.
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Salisbury, Earl of, temp. Edward III; wife of; Richard Neville, Earl of; **Thomas Montagu,** Earl of ; military skills; at Cravant ; at Verneuil; at siege of Orleans; death; wife of
  Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Chancellor, Earl of; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Harfleur) ; Michael de la Pole, Earl of (died Agincourt); **William** **de la Pole,** earl of ; at siege of Orleans; at Tours; and Gloucester; accused of selling Normandy, impeached ; murdered
  Talbot, John, Lord, Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford ; hostage at Rouen; release ; campaign in Guyenne; Viscount Lisle, son of
  Ogard was a Danish mercenary, his real name being Anders Pedersen. Born about 1400, he was the son of the Knight Peder Nielsen of Aargard, of the great Gyllenstierna family. By 1425 Ogard was serving in Anjou and in 1433 he was made Captain of Vire. He was naturalized in 1436. He served on the Councils of both Bedford and York and was twice an ambassador to the French. In 1450 he was appointed Captain of Caen, which he had the melancholy duty of surrendering. In 1443—in association with Fastolf—he had received a royal licence to 'empark' land near Ware in Hertfordshire and here with the money from his French spoils he built Rye House (to be the scene of a famous plot against Charles II). Sir Andrew's wife was a Norfolk heiress and in 1453 he was elected to Parliament for that county. He died the year after and was buried at Wymondham Abbey.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the first four paragraphs for this book
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: The Hundred Years War
  Aiton, D. J., '"Shame on him who allows them to live": The Jacquerie of 1358', unpub. PhD thesis (University of Glasgow, 2007).
  Ambühl, R., 'Prisoners of War in the Hundred Years War: The Golden Age of Private Ransoms', unpub. PhD thesis (University of St Andrews, 2009).
  Cushway, G. R. '"The Lord of the Sea": The English Navy in the Reign of Edward III', unpub. PhD thesis (University of Exeter, 2006).
  Ditcham, B. G. H., 'The Employment of Foreign Mercenary Troops in the French Royal Armies, 1415–1470', unpub. PhD thesis (University of Edinburgh, 1979), 229–60.
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: another paragraph
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Charles II, 'the Bad', king of Navarre and count of Évreux (1349–87) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
conversations.from: human
conversations.value: the last five paragraphs
conversations.from: assistant
conversations.value: Saint-Denis, abbey of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
  Talbot, John, earl of Shrewsbury (1384×87–1453) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
  Thomas of Lancaster, duke of Clarence (1387–1421) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) n. 12, (viii) n. 16, (ix) n. 36
  Troyes, treaty of (1420) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) n. 52, (xi) n. 12
  Ursins, Jean Juvénal des, archbishop of Reims and chronicler (1388–1473) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) n. 18, (viii) n. 24, (ix) n. 8