human
of
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God's being and omnipotence. It is asserted by Francis Osborn, who had known Raleigh, that he got his title of Atheist from Queen Elizabeth. See the preface (Author to Reader) to Osborn's Miscellany of Sundry Essays, etc., in 7th ed. of his Works, 1673. As to atheism at Elizabeth's court see J. J. Tayler, Retrospect of Relig. Life of England, 2nd ed. p. 198, and ref. Lilly makes one of his characters write of the ladies at court that
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Vox Spiritus, or Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost; a Conference between Signr. Gondamier ... and Father Bauldwine --a
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tract by one Captain Gainsford. It appears to have been reprinted in 1622 as
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Prosopoeia. Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost. Then in 1626 came a new treatise,
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Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost, or England's Forewarner, published in 1626 at Utrecht by Thomas Scott, an English minister there, who was assassinated in the same year. The title having thus had vogue, there was published in 1631
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Rawleigh's Ghost, or, a Feigned Apparition of Syr Walter Rawleigh to a friend of his, for the translating into English the Booke of Leonard Lessius (that most learned man), entituled De Providentia Numinis et animi immortalitate, written against the Atheists and Polititians of these days. The translation of a Jesuit's treatise (1613) thus accredited purports to be by
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A. B. In a reprint of 1651 the
human
disappears from the title-page; but
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Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost remains to attract readers; and the translation, now purporting to be by John Holden, who claims to have been a friend of Raleigh's, is dedicated to his son Carew. In the preface the Ghost adjures the translator (who professes to have heard him frequently praise the treatise of Lessius) to translate the work with Raleigh's name on the title, so as to clear his memory of
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New Light on Marlowe and Kyd, in the Fortnightly Review, February, 1899, reproduced in his edition of the works of Thomas Kyd (Clarendon Press, 1901). In addition to the formerly known data as to Marlowe's
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it is now established that Thomas Kyd, his fellow dramatist, was arrested on the same charge, and that there was found among his papers one containing
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This Kyd declared he had had from Marlowe, denying all sympathy with its view. Nevertheless, he was put to the torture. The paper, however, proves to be a vehement Unitarian argument on Scriptural grounds, and is much more likely to have been written by Francis Kett than by Marlowe. In the MSS. now brought to light, one Cholmeley, who
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is represented by a spy as speaking
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The same
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who imputes atheism to others as a vice, is described as regretting he had not killed the Lord Treasurer,
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On the last point there is no further evidence, save that Sir Walter, his dependent Thomas Harriott, and Mr. Carewe Rawley, were on March 21, 1593-1594, charged upon sworn testimonies with holding
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There was, however, no prosecution. Harriott had published in 1588 a work on his travels in Virginia, at the close of which is a passage in the devoutest vein telling of his missionary labours (quoted by Mr. Boas, art. cited, p. 225). Yet by 1592 he had, with his master, a reputation for atheism; and that it was not wholly on the strength of his great scientific knowledge is suggested by the statement of Anthony à Wood that he
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(art. Harriott in Dict. of Nat. Biog.; cp. art. in Encyc. Brit.).
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Harriott ... was the first who dared to say A=B in the form A - B = 0, one of the greatest sources of progress ever opened in algebra (Prof. A. De Morgan, Newton, his Friend and his Niece, 1885, p. 91). Further, he improved algebraic notation by the use of small italic letters in place of Roman capitals, and threw out the hypothesis of secondary planets as well as of stars invisible from their size and distance.
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He was the first to verify the results of Galileo.