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Hernani
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Hernani on February 25. Conspicuous among the leaders of the literary tumult was Théophile Gautier, then a youth of eighteen, but already an author and an _Hugolâtre intransigeant_, who led the claque on this first night resplendent in a rose-colored doublet and streaming long hair. With him was young Balzac, who had just won renown and notoriety by his
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Physiologie du Mariage, and the first of his
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Contes Drôlatiques. In March, the Liberals in the Chambers declared their want of confidence in the government by a majority of forty votes. Charles X., staking all on the success of his Algerian campaign, dissolved the Chambers.
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No compromise, no surrender, was the motto of the Royalists as they appealed to the people. The result was an overwhelming majority against the government. No less than 202 deputies pledged to opposition were elected. The whole of France was now waiting for the _coup d'état_, and Europe waited with France.
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Your two weakest points are the electoral law and the liberty of the press, said Metternich to the French Ambassador in Vienna,
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The Czar, in St. Petersburg, spoke in a like strain to the Duc de Mortemart. Charles X. could not be restrained.
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There are only Lafayette and I who have not changed since 1789, said the King. On July 24, a Sunday, after attending mass, Charles X. signed the orders that were to rid him of his Chambers. All his Ministers signed with him.
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For life and for death, gentlemen, said the King.
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Count upon me as I count upon you.
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Moniteur the next day. It was said that Sauvo, the editor of the
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Moniteur, as he gave the order to go to press, exclaimed:
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God protect the King. The publication of the edict caused an instant extraordinary fall in stocks. Thiers thundered against it in the
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Journal des Débats. Government troops seized the printing presses of the leading journals. Murmuring crowds gathered on the streets. The King appointed Marshal Marmont commandant of Paris. It was the last stroke, for Marmont was popularly execrated as the betrayer of Napoleon. The National Guards brought forth their old tricolor cockades of the Revolution and the Empire. Though military patrols tramped the streets, the night passed quietly. Next morning all work stopped, and the people fell to building barricades. Whole streets were torn up. The pupils of the Polytechnic School broke open the gates and the tricolor flag floated on the towers of Notre Dame. Marshal Marmont reported to the King:
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Sire, it is no longer a riot, but a revolution. There is urgent need for your Majesty to take means of pacification. Thus the honor of the Crown may yet be saved. To-morrow it will be too late. The King's answer was to declare Paris under a state of siege. The so-called
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Great Week, or
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had begun. The bourgeoisie or middle class and all the students joined the revolt. Before nightfall 600 barricades blocked the streets of Paris. Every house became a fortress.
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Where do the rebels get their powder? asked the King in astonishment.
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From the soldiers,