human
Severum, Hor., i., Od. xxvii., 9;
gpt
Ardens, ii., Od. xi., 19; Mart., ix., Ep. lxxiv., 5;
human
Forte, ii., Sat. iv., 24 (cf. Luc., x., 163,
gpt
Indomitum Meroë cogens spumare Falernum );
human
Acre, Juv., xiii., 216. To soften its austerity it was mixed with Chian wine. Tibull., II., i., 28,
gpt
Nunc mihi fumosos veteris proferte Falernos Consulis, et Chio solvite vincla cado. Hor., i., Sat. x., 24,
human
Suavior ut Chio nota si commista Falerni est. _Despumare_ is, properly,
gpt
human
Et foliis undam trepidi despumat aheni; then, met.,
gpt
It wants but an hour of noon by the sun-dial. The Romans divided their day into twelve hours; the _first_ beginning with the dawn; consequently, at the time of the equinoxes, their hours nearly corresponded with ours. According to Pliny, H. N., ii., 76, Anaximenes was the inventor of the sun-dial; whereas Diog. Laertius (II., i., 3) and Vitruvius attribute the discovery to Anaximander. They were, however, known in much earlier times in the East. Cf. 2 Kings, xx. Sun-dials were introduced at Rome in the time of the second Punic war; the use of Clepsydræ,
human
Te flagrantis atrox hora Caniculæ nescit tangere. III., xxix., 19,
gpt
Stella vesani Leonis.
human
Jussit quod splendida bilis;
gpt
Nil salit Arcadico juveni.
human
Juv., vii., 23; though some think that the color was produced by the oil of citron or cedar. (Plin., xiii., 5. Cf. ad Sat. i., 43.) Leaves and the bark of trees were first used for writing on; hence _folia_ and _liber_: occasionally linen, or plates of metal or stone; then paper was manufactured from the Cyperus papyrus, or Egyptian flag. Plin., xii., 23; xiii., 11. When the Ptolemies stopped the exportation of paper from Egypt, to prevent the library of Eumenes, king of Pergamus, from rivaling that of Alexandria, parchment (Pergamenum) was invented to serve as a substitute. Plin., x., 11, 21. Hieron., Ep. vii., 2. Hor., Sat., II., iii., 2. The manufacturer of it was termed Membranarius. The parchment was rendered smooth by rubbing with pumice, and flattened with lead, and was capable of being made so thin, that we read that the whole Iliad written on parchment was inclosed within a walnut-shell. Plin., VII., xxi., 21. Quintilian says,
gpt
Quint., x., 3. Cf. Catull., xxii., 6. Tibull., III., i., 9. They used reeds (calamus, fistula, arundo) for writing on this, as is done to the present day in the East. The best came from Egypt.
human
Dat chartis habiles calamos Memphitica tellus.
gpt
Tinten-fisch,