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Southern Unionists was held in Washington, in July, 1866, which issued an address to the
gpt
of the South, declaring that the reconstruction of the southern state governments must be based on constitutional principles, and the present despotism under an atrocious leadership must not be permitted to remain; the rights of the citizens must not be left to the protection of the states, but Congress must take charge of the matter and make protection coextensive with citizenship; under the present state governments, with
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controlling, there would be no safety for loyalists,--they must rely on Congress for protection. A meeting of
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was called to be held in September, in Independence Hall in Philadelphia.[1069] The Alabama delegates to this convention were George Reese, D. H. Bingham, M. J. Saffold, and J. H. Larcombe. This Philadelphia convention condemned the
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The unhappy policy of the President was
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The policy of Congress was indorsed, but regret was expressed that it did not provide by law for the greater security of the
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people in the southern states. Demand was made for
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in each of the southern states. Washington, Lincoln, the Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, and Independence Hall--all were brought in. The question of negro suffrage was discussed, and most of the delegates favored it. Of the five delegates from Alabama, two announced themselves against it.[1070] At a Radical convention in Philadelphia about the same time the delegates from Alabama were Albert Griffin, an adventurer from Ohio; D. H. Bingham, a bitter tory, almost demented with hate; and M. J. Saffold, who had been an obstructionist during the war. Here was the beginning of the alliance of carpet-bagger and scalawag that was destined to ruin the state in six years of peace worse than four years of war had done. The convention indulged in unstinted abuse of Johnson and demanded