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In militant times the individuals exist for the state; in industrial times the state is to be maintained solely for the benefit of the citizens, and a better than industrial freedom is to be looked for when it is more fully realised that life is not for work but work is for life. Spencer believed so much in the beneficence of peace and individual liberty, that he said
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--a fine illustration of evolutionary optimism. To him the goal of human progress was a completed individualism, but
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The Social Organism --that a society or societary form is in many ways comparable to an individual organism, _e.g._ in growing, in differentiating, in showing increased mutual dependence of its parts, and so on. It is true that the comparison of society to an organism is at least as old as the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, but Spencer was one of the first to fill in the analogy with biological details. The idea was briefly expressed in _Social Statics_, and was elaborated in an essay which appeared in the
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Westminster Review