human
UMMU-KHUBUR at once spawned a brood of devilish monsters to help her in her fight against the gods. Nothing is known of the origin or attributes of UMMU-KHUBUR, but some think she was a form of TI¬MAT. Her brood probably consisted of personifications of mist, fog, cloud, storm, whirlwinds and the blighting and destroying powers which primitive man associated with the desert. An exact parallel of this brood of devils is found in Egyptian mythology where the allies of Set and Aapep are called
gpt
Mesu betshet i.e.,
human
They are depicted in the form of serpents, and some of them became the
gpt
Nine Worms of Amenti
human
(1) the Viper, (2) the Snake, (3) the god Lakhamu, (4) the Whirlwind, (5) the ravening Dog, (6) the Scorpion-man, (7) the mighty Storm-wind, (8) the Fish-man, and (9) the Horned Beast. These bore (10) the
gpt
and were under the command of (11) Kingu, whom Ti‚mat calls
human
Thus Ti‚mat had Eleven mighty Helpers besides the devils spawned by Ummu-Khubur. We may note in passing that some of the above-mentioned Helpers appear among the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac which Marduk
gpt
after his conquest of Ti‚mat, e.g., the Scorpion-man, the Horned Beast, etc. This fact suggests that the first Zodiac was