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and there was talk of emigration to New Zealand, or of
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of teaching, but the year of suspense ended with his appointment (1848) as sub-editor in _The Economist_ office, at a salary of one hundred guineas a year.
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Thus an end was at last put to the seemingly futile part of my life which filled the space between twenty-one and twenty-eight--futile in respect of material progress, but in other respects perhaps not futile.
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In short, there had been gained a more than usually heterogeneous, though superficial, acquaintance with the world, animate and inanimate. And along with the gaining of it had gone a running commentary of speculative thought about the various matters presented.
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A system of Social and Political Morality and he had great searchings for a suitable title, his own preference for
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Demostatics yielding finally in favour of
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Social Statics. This phrase had been used by Comte as the heading of one of the divisions of his Sociology, but Spencer was quite unaware of this, and at that time
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There were also great difficulties in securing publication, although to get the work printed and circulated without loss was as much as he hoped for.
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At that time I was, and have since remained, one of those classed by Dr Johnson as fools--one whose motive in writing books was not, and never has been, that of making money.
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(1850-1) followed the publication of _Social Statics_, but it was then that he attended a course of lectures by Prof. Owen on Comparative Osteology, and doubtless got a firmer hold of those principles of organic architecture which make even dry bones live. It was then, too, that he had walks with George Henry Lewes, which were profitable on both sides. Lewes received an impulse which awakened interest in scientific inquiries, and Spencer became interested in philosophy at large. He read Lewes's _Biographical History of Philosophy_, and there was one memorable ramble during which a volume by Milne-Edwards in Lewes's bag was the means of vivifying for Spencer the idea of
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Though the conception was not new to me, as is shown towards the end of _Social Statics_, yet the mode of formulating it was; and the phrase thereafter played a part in the course of my thought. About the same time, in preparing a review of Carpenter's _Physiology_, he came across von Baer's formula expressing the course of development through which every living creature passes--
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Carlyle's nature was one which lacked co-ordination, alike intellectually and morally. Under both aspects, he was, in a great measure, chaotic. To Carlyle, on the other hand, Spencer appeared
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The Development Hypothesis, in which he avowed his belief that the whole world of life is the result of an age-long process of natural transmutation. In the same year he wrote for _The Westminster Review_ another important essay,
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A Theory of Population deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility, in which he sought to show that the degree of fertility is inversely proportionate to the grade of development, or conversely that the attainment of higher degrees of evolution must be accompanied by lower rates of multiplication. Towards the close of the article he came within an ace of recognising that the struggle for existence was a factor in organic evolution. It is profoundly instructive to find that at a time when pressure of population was practically interesting men's minds, not Spencer only, but Darwin and Wallace, were being independently led from this social problem to a biological theory of organic evolution. There could be no better illustration, as Prof. Geddes has pointed out, of the Comtian thesis that science is a
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he ever met, and he speaks enthusiastically of her large intelligence working easily, her remarkable philosophical powers, her habitual calm, her deep and broad sympathies. It is interesting to learn that he strongly advised her to write novels, and that she tried in vain to induce him to read Comte. As they were often together and the best of friends, the gossips had it that he was in love with her and that they were about to be married.
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But neither of these reports was true.
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and for his interest in