human
Camp making is a science, said Cale Vaughn that night, after they had selected a suitable site for their night's lodging.
gpt
In the woods you should first clear the site of brush and all dead leaves, for the danger of fire is very great in these big timber tracts. Just a little carelessness might do a million dollars' worth of damage. If you have to burn off the rubbish, do so in small spots at a time, then backfire toward the center. Be extremely careful about this. While one is unpacking, the others will be engaged in cutting poles for the tents, getting the food ready, each man having his task to perform. I don't need to advise you on that point. You boys can beat me in pitching a camp. You could give points to a circus man, I really believe. In case your ground is too rocky to permit driving in stakes, you may erect two tripods at a convenient distance apart on which to place the ridge pole. If you have no ridge pole use a rope instead.
human
That is a good idea. I never thought of it,
gpt
In this way you can make a self-supporting framework without driving a single stick into the ground. Then comes your bed. How would you go to work to make a browse-bed, Master Tad?
human
Either stick the pine or cedar stems into the ground until they will hold you up, or pile the browse in until you have enough to lie on,
gpt
That will do very well, but the woodsman likes to take a little more pains, especially if he is going to remain in camp for a few days, as we shall do.
human
We are ready to learn,
gpt
Then I will explain. First smooth the ground, leaving no stones, stubs or hummocks. Cut head and foot logs a foot thick, and side logs which may be somewhat smaller. Pin them down with inverted crotches, making a rectangular framework on the ground to keep the browse in place. Do you get me?
human
Yes, yes,
gpt
I never knew how to make my bed so it wouldn't slip out from under me in the night, laughed Tad.
human
In the morning I usually find myself lying on the bare ground, no matter how carefully I have made my bed.
gpt
So I have observed, smiled the guide.
human
We will have Charlie do this work hereafter, but it might be a good idea for you boys to help in order to get your hands in. There will be many times when you will have to do it for yourselves.
gpt
We have had to do so many times already,
human
To continue with our subject, next fell a thriving balsam or hemlock--spruce, pine or cedar will do if you can get nothing else--and strip off the fans.
gpt
Place a course of boughs a foot long against the head-log, butts down and to the front, then shingle another layer in front of these and continue in that way down to the foot of the bed, leaving only the tips of the boughs showing.
human
That is something like my way of making the browse-bed,
gpt
Yes, except that yours is a heap of greens, not a bed,
human
New greens should be put in every day to freshen your bed and keep it soft.
gpt
It strikes me that a bed of that sort means a lot of work,
human
I could sleep myself to death on that kind of couch,
gpt
You can do that all right on the hard ground, answered Butler.
human
Ever hear Stacy snore, Mr. Vaughn?
gpt
I have not had that pleasure.
human
Oh, it won't be any pleasure. Take my word for that,
gpt
No, you will think a troop of trained sea lions have broken loose and strayed out in the woods. Never heard anything like it in my life,
human
Outside of a zoological garden, Tad,
gpt
Having finished this, resumed the guide,
human
Principally through the medium of Stacy Brown's mouth,
gpt
Hang your salt pork or bacon to a tree beside the fireplace where it will be handy. If you are in a country where there are thieving varmints, suspend the stuff from a wire or cord secured to two trees sheltering the stuff from sun and rain. If you have packs, pile them neatly together, covering them with canvas; or, in the event of not having any of the latter, make a thatch roof of boughs. Protect your saddles and trappings in the same way, making sure that the lash ropes cannot get wet and shrink. Have everything where you know where to find it in the darkest night and where it will not be overlooked when you break camp.
human
I see we have a lot to learn,
gpt
Yes, we've been thinking we knew it all,
human
For a more permanent camp, of course you would go more into detail.
gpt
Please explain,
human
Yes, tell us everything. We shall probably decide to live in the woods one of these days,
gpt
I don't think I want to go into permanent camp, if there's any more work about it than we have to do already.
human
There is considerably more, smiled Cale.
gpt
You know how to make a dining table. I have shown you that already. You will want to make a kitchen table in the same way, using sticks, as you will have no boards. Dig a sink hole into which to throw your refuse, sprinkling ashes or dirt over the stuff every day, otherwise you will be pestered with flies. If you have a spring handy it will be a good place in which to keep fresh meat, such as venison. The outside of the meat will come out white and stringy, but the inside of it will keep fresh and sweet for weeks, provided no bears come nosing around after the stuff.
human
I am afraid such a plant would not last long in these woods,
gpt
Not long, agreed the guide.
human
However, there is a simple way to scare off the animals. All you have to do is to tie a white rag to a stick directly over this cache. It will cause them to keep a safe distance away ordinarily. Speaking of caching or storing food for future use, there are several ways of doing this. My usual way is to suspend the stuff from a wire strung between trees, high enough to be out of the reach of any prowling animals. Be sure to peel the bark from the trees to which your line is fastened. That will prevent the animals from climbing the tree.
gpt
What do you think of it, boys?
human
I never thought there was so much to it,
gpt
Oh, I haven't begun yet,
human
Please, please don't begin, then, if you are going to put all this into practice. I want to get some fun out of this trip, not make a slave of myself,
gpt
I think you boys have had enough instruction for one day. Perhaps I am telling you some things that you know already?
human
No, no; go on,
gpt
Yes, go on, I can stand it to hear about it, if I don't have to do any of the work,
human
Let's see. Well, suppose I talk to you about campfires. Come over by the fire and sit down. Our friend, Master Stacy, is weary after his bee experience, and I don't know that I blame him,
gpt
I'll warrant he isn't half as tired as the bees that stung him. They surely will have contracted the hook-worm disease,
human
Now we are ready to hear about the campfire,
gpt
As you know from sad experience, some green woods will not burn, began the guide.
human
Leaving aside the woods that will not burn, I'll mention some of those that will do good service when green. Hickory is the best of all. It makes a hot fire, lasts a long time, and burns down to a bed of coals that will keep up an even heat for hours. Next in value are the chestnut, oak and dogwood. Black birch is excellent, too, doing its own blowing.
gpt
Blowing?
human
Yes, sir. That means that the oil in the birch assists its combustion, so that the wood needs no coaxing to make it burn. Sugar maple is good, too, but it is too valuable a tree to waste. Locust and mulberry are good fuel. Now white ash makes one of the first-class campfire fuels. It is easy to cut and tote and catches fire readily.
gpt
What about kindling?
human
Yes, kindling, urged Stacy.
gpt
I've burned up half of my old shirts trying to start fires.
human
The birch bark is one of the best, answered the guide.
gpt
Besides, it makes good torches. It is full of resinous oil, blazes up at once, will burn in any wind, and even wet sticks may be kindled with it.
human
That's new,
gpt
Stacy, there's your job. You won't have to sacrifice any more shirts in trying to start a campfire, said Ned.
human
Your job, from now on, is peeling birch bark for kindling.
gpt
Pitch pine, of course, affords the best knots, continued Cale.
human
Splits from a stump whose outside has been burned are rich in resin. Don't pick up sticks from the ground, but rather those from the down wood. Ordinarily you will find fine dry wood in a tree that has been shivered by lightning.
gpt
Br-r-r!
human
To get to our subject--fire--you must remember that more necessary than kindling or firewood is air. What I mean is, don't jumble your fuel together any old way, but build up a systematic structure so the air can draw under it and upward through the pile.
gpt
That's why my shirts wouldn't burn, interrupted the fat boy.
human
I jammed them down in the pile of wood just as I'd ram a wad into a muzzle-loading gun.
gpt
Just like you,
human
Lay two good-sized sticks on the ground for a foundation to begin with. Across them at right angles place a few dry twigs or splinters so they do not quite touch. On these, one at each side, lay your paper or bark, then on top of this put two other cross sticks, smaller than the bed sticks; over this a cross layer of larger twigs just as you would build a cob house, but gradually increasing the size of the sticks as you work up toward the top of your house. You try that and see if you don't have a roaring fire in a minute after you apply the match. We will build one, or rather you boys may, when we get into our camp tomorrow.
gpt
Great!
human
There are numerous methods, such as 'trapper's fire,' 'hunter's fire,' 'Indian's fire,' and the like. I will tell you about them at some other time. You will get them all jumbled into one if I tell you now. I will add that, for warmth, you should build a low fire. If you build up a big, roaring fire you can't get near it. The low fire enables you to hover over it. That's an Indian trick. I could go on talking about fires from now until tomorrow morning, but the best way is to take these up one by one and learn them by actual experience. That we will do as we go along. You boys are fine woodsmen already, but like all the rest of us, you still have some things to learn. I am going to teach you all I know, and if you will watch Charlie John you may be able to get some points from him.
gpt
Most interesting indeed,
human
The first rainy day we have I will show you how to build a fire in quick time when everything is soaked. Tomorrow we will put some of our theories regarding camp-making and fire-building into practice. Just now it's time for our chuck and then some stories over the evening fire,