human
was proclaimed on the score of the increase of
gpt
On the same grounds, the Presbyterian party in Parliament pressed an
human
Ordinance for the suppression of Blasphemies and Heresies, which, long held back by Vane and Cromwell, was carried in their despite in 1648, by large majorities, when the royalists renewed hostilities. It enacted the death penalty against all who should deny the doctrine of the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, the inspiration of the Bible, a day of judgment, or a future state; and prescribed imprisonment for Arminianism, rejection of infant baptism, anti-Sabbatarianism, anti-Presbyterianism, or defence of the doctrine of Purgatory or the use of images. [348] And of aggressive heresy there are some noteworthy traces. In a pamphlet entitled
gpt
Hell Broke Loose: a Catalogue of the many spreading Errors, Heresies, and Blasphemies of these Times, for which we are to be humbled (March 9, 1646, N.S.), the first entry--and in the similar Catalogue in Edwards's Gangræna, the second entry--is a citation of the notable thesis,
human
That the Scripture, whether a true manuscript or no, whether Hebrew, Greek, or English, is but humane, and not able to discover a divine God. [349] This is cited from
gpt
The Pilgrimage of the Saints, by Lawrence Clarkson, presumably the Lawrence Clarkson who for his book The Single Eye was sentenced by resolution of Parliament on September 27, 1650, to be imprisoned, the book being burned by the common hangman. [350] He is further cited as teaching that even unbaptized persons may preach and baptize. Of the other heresies cited the principal is the old denial of a future life, and especially of a physical and future hell. In general the heresy is pietistic or antinomian; but we have also the declaration
human
Concerning Jesus there are various heresies, from simple Unitarianism to contemptuous disparagement, with the stipulation for a
gpt
Christ formed in us. But though there are cases of unquotable or ribald blasphemy there is little trace of scholarly criticism of the Bible, of reasoning against miracles or the inconsistencies of Scripture, as apart from the doctrine of deity. Nonetheless, it is very credible that
human
would themselves persecute if they could. [353] But this could hardly have been true of all. Notable among the new parties were the Levellers, who insisted that the State should leave religion entirely alone, tolerating all creeds, including even atheism; and who put forward a new and striking ethic, grounding on
gpt
the right of all men to the soil. [354] In the strictly theological field the most striking innovation, apart from simple Unitarianism, is the denial of the eternity or even the existence of future torments--a position first taken up, as we have seen, either by the continental Socinians or by the unnamed English heretics of the Tudor period, who passed on their heresy to the time of Marlowe. [355] In this connection the learned booklet [356] entitled Of the Torments of Hell: the foundations and pillars thereof discover'd, search'd, shaken, and removed (1658) was rightly thought worth translating into French by d'Holbach over a century later. [357] It is an argument on scriptural lines, denying that the conception of a place of eternal torment is either scriptural or credible; and pointing out that many had explained it in a
human
unheard-of theretofore,
gpt
[358]
human
A Toleration, he declares,
gpt
;
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[359] Among the 180 sects named by him [360] there were
gpt
Libertines,
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Antiscripturists,
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Skeptics and Questionists, [361] who held nothing save the doctrine of free speech and liberty of conscience; [362] as well as Socinians, Arians, and Anti-trinitarians; and he speaks of serious men who had not only abandoned their religious beliefs, but sought to persuade others to do the same. [363] Under the rule of Cromwell, tolerant as he was of Christian sectarianism, and even of Unitarianism as represented by Biddle, the more advanced heresies would get small liberty; though that of Thomas Muggleton and John Reeve, which took shape about 1651 as the Muggletonian sect, does not seem to have been molested. Muggleton, a mystic, could teach that there was no devil or evil spirit, save in
human
; [364] but it was only privately that such men as Henry Marten and Thomas Chaloner, the regicides, could avow themselves to be of
gpt
The statement of Bishop Burnet, following Clarendon, that
human
cannot be taken literally, though it is broadly intelligible that
gpt
They were for pulling down the churches, again, cannot be taken literally. Of those who
human
Burnet goes on to name Sidney, Henry Nevill, Marten, Wildman, and Harrington. The last was certainly of Hobbes's way of thinking in philosophy (Croom Robertson, Hobbes, p. 223, note); but Wildman was one of the signers of the Anabaptist petition to Charles II in 1658 (Clarendon, Hist. of the Rebellion, bk. xv, ed. 1843, p. 855). As to Marten and Chaloner, see Carlyle's Cromwell, iii, 194; and articles in Nat. Dict. of Biog. Vaughan (Hist. of England, 1840, ii, 477, note) speaks of Walwyn and Overton as
gpt
They were, however, Biblicists, not unbelievers. Prof. Gardiner (Hist. of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 253, citing a News-letter in the Clarendon MSS.) finds record in 1653 of
human
which had become a clerical scandal at the Restoration and was to remain so for about a century. [365] Their social status was in general low, and their financial position bad; and these circumstances, possible only in a time of weakened religious belief, necessarily tended to further the process of mental change. Within the sphere of orthodoxy, it operated openly. It is noteworthy that the term
gpt
emerges as the label of a sect of Independents or Presbyterians who declare that
human
What their reason dictates to them in church or State stands for good, until they be convinced with better. [366] The
gpt
so-called, of that generation remained ostensibly scriptural; but on other lines thought went further. Of atheism there are at this stage only dubious biographical and controversial traces, such as Mrs. Hutchinson's characterization of a Nottingham physician, possibly a deist, as a
human
[367] and the Rev. John Dove's Confutation of Atheism (1640), which does not bear out its title. Ephraim Pagitt, in his Heresiography (1644), speaks loosely of an
gpt
; and tells of some alleged atheist merely that he