human
Westminster Review, which was started by Bentham in 1824. Bentham himself and the elder Mill were its chief writers at first; and in 1828, if not sooner, the younger Mill joined the number. In that year he reviewed Whately's Logic; and it is probable that in the ensuing year he contributed numerous other articles. His first literary exploit, however, which he cared to reproduce in his
gpt
Dissertations and Discussions was an article that appeared in
human
The Jurist, in 1833, entitled
gpt
Corporation and Church Property. That essay, in some respects, curiously anticipated the Irish Church legislation of nearly forty years later. In the same year he published, in
human
The Monthly Repository, a remarkably able and quite a different production,--
gpt
Poetry and its Varieties, showing that in the department of _belles-lettres_ he could write with nearly as much vigor and originality as in the philosophical and political departments of thought to which, ostensibly, he was especially devoted. Shortly after that he embarked in a bolder literary venture. Differences having arisen concerning
human
The Westminster Review, a new quarterly journal--
gpt
The London Review --was begun by Sir William Molesworth, with Mr. Mill for editor, in 1835.
human
The London was next year amalgamated with
gpt
The Westminster, and then the nominal if not the actual editorship passed into the hands of Mr. John Robertson. Mr. Mill continued, however, to be one of its most constant and able contributors until the Review passed into other hands in 1840. He aided much to make and maintain its reputation as the leading organ of bold thought on religious and social as well as political matters. Besides such remarkable essays as those on Civilization, on Armand Carrel, on Alfred de Vigny, on Bentham, and on Coleridge, which, with others, have been republished in his collection of minor writings, he contributed many of great importance. One on Mr. Tennyson, which was published in 1835, is especially noteworthy. Others referred more especially to the politics of the day. From one, which appeared in 1837, reviewing Albany Fonblanque's
human
England under Seven Administrations, and speaking generally in high terms of the politics of
gpt
The Examiner, we may extract a few sentences which define very clearly the political ground taken by Mr. Mill, Mr. Fonblanque, and those who had then come to be called Philosophical Radicals.
human
There are divers schools of Radicals, said Mr. Mill.
gpt
There are the historical Radicals, who demand popular institutions as the inheritance of Englishmen, transmitted to us from the Saxons or the barons of Runnymede. There are the metaphysical Radicals, who hold the principles of democracy, not as means to good government, but as corollaries from some unreal abstraction,--from 'natural liberty' or 'natural rights.' There are the radicals of occasion and circumstance, who are radicals because they disapprove the measures of the government for the time being. There are, lastly, the Radicals of position, who are Radicals, as somebody said, because they are not lords. Those whom, in contradistinction to all these, we call Philosophical Radicals, are those who in politics observe the common manner of philosophers; that is, who, when they are discussing means, begin by considering the end, and, when they desire to produce effects, think of causes. These persons became Radicals because they saw immense practical evils existing in the government and social condition of this country, and because the same examination which showed them the evils showed also that the cause of those evils was the aristocratic principle in our government,--the subjection of the many to the control of a comparatively few, who had an interest, or fancied they had an interest, in perpetuating those evils. These inquirers looked still farther, and saw, that, in the present imperfect condition of human nature, nothing better than this self-preference was to be expected from a dominant few; that the interests of the many were sure to be in their eyes a secondary consideration to their own ease or emolument. Perceiving, therefore, that we are ill-governed, and perceiving that, so long as the aristocratic principle continued predominant in our government, we could not expect to be otherwise, these persons became Radicals; and the motto of their Radicalism was, Enmity to the aristocratical principle.
human
The London and Westminster Review forms a brilliant episode in the history of journalism; and his relations, then and afterwards, with other men of letters and political writers,--some of them as famous as Mr. Carlyle and Coleridge, Charles Buller and Sir Henry Taylor, Sir William Molesworth, Sir John Bowring, and Mr. Roebuck,--yield tempting materials for even the most superficial biography; but we must pass them by for the present. And here we shall content ourselves with enumerating, in the order of their publication, those lengthier writings with which he chiefly occupied his leisure during the next quarter of a century; though that work was frequently diversified by important contributions to
gpt
The Edinburgh and
human
The Westminster Review,
gpt
Fraser's Magazine, and other periodicals. His first great work was
human
A System of Logic, the result of many years' previous study, which appeared in 1843. That completed, he seems immediately to have paid chief attention to politico-economical questions. In 1844 appeared
gpt
Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy, which were followed, in 1848, by the
human
Principles of Political Economy. After that there was a pause of ten years, though the works that were issued during the next six years show that he had not been idle during the interval. In 1857 were published two volumes of the
gpt
Dissertations and Discussions, consisting solely of printed articles, the famous essay
human
On Liberty, and the
gpt
Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform.
human
Considerations on Representative Government appeared in 1861,
gpt
Utilitarianism, in 1863,
human
Auguste Comte and Positivism and the
gpt
Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy, in 1865. After that, besides the very welcome
human
Inaugural Address at St. Andrew's in 1867, his only work of importance was
gpt
The Subjection of Women, published in 1869. A fitting conclusion to his more serious literary labors appeared also in 1869 in his annotated edition of his father's
human
Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind.
gpt
History of British India.
human
The Enfranchisement of Women contributed to
gpt
The Westminster Review, and afterwards reprinted in the
human
Dissertations and Discussions, with a preface avowing, that by her Mr. Mill had been greatly assisted in all that he had written for some time previous. But the assistance was to end now. Mrs. Mill died at Avignon on the 3d of November, 1858, and over her grave was placed one of the most pathetic and eloquent epitaphs that have been ever penned.
gpt
Her great and loving heart, her noble soul, her clear, powerful, original, and comprehensive intellect, it was there written,