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Modern references to this singular superstition. Ferns, luck-bringing plants. Said to have sprung from the lightning. St. John's-wort. German story of accidental invisibility. St John's eve. Fern seed, a love charm. Samuel Bamford's Lancashire story in
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Boggart Ho' Clough, near Manchester. St. John superseded the Scandinavian Baldr. The _Osmunda regalis_. _Osmunda_, one of the appellations of Thor. The vervain, a plant of spells and enchantments. The Sanscrit parna and the modern fern. Origin of the name
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Boggart Ho' Clough.
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Gabriel Ratchets. The wish-hounds. The
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Gabriel hounds in Yorkshire. The classic Orion,
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The classic white doe and its mediæval descendants. The fair maid of Kent. A fawn attendant on the Greek deities of the morning. Odin, the wild huntsman, and the furious host. The Yule host of Iceland. Personification of storm and tempest. Herod, the
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Chasse Maccabei, and the Wandering Jew. The
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in Lancashire and Yorkshire. Restless birds believed to be the souls of the damned condemned to perpetual motion, on the Bosphorus. The wandering Odin and his two ravens, representing Thought and Memory. The Wandering Jew's last appearance in the flesh. Temporary death of the weather-gods typical of the seasons. Odin slain by the wild boar. Thammuz and the Greek Adonis. Odin lord of the gallows. Odin's spear. Roland's
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Durandal, the sword of Chrysâôr, of Theseus, and of Sigurd. Arthur's
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Excalibur and others. Their Aryan prototype, Indra's thunderbolt. Magic cudgels. The lad and the
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Indra and Vritra, and the Panis. Long Aryan winters. Hackelberg's coit throwing. King Arthur's similar exploit in Northumberland. The devil's doings at Kirkby Lonsdale, at Leyland church, and at Winwick. Etymology of the word
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Winwick. Odin buried in the cloud mountain. Heroes slumbering in caves. Frederic Barbarossa, Henry the Fowler, Charlemagne, and the renowned Arthur. Arthur's death and translation to Avalun. The Eildon Hills and the Sewingshields castle traditions. The
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Helmwind, near Kirkoswald, Cumberland. Sir Tarquin's castle at Manchester. Arthur's battles on the Douglas. Arthur still alive as a raven. The Gjallar horn. A Cheshire legend says Arthur reposes in the
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Wizard's Cave, at Alderley Edge. Ancient reputation of Britain for tempests and pestilential storms. The departure of the genii. A similar superstition in equatorial Africa. Irish superstitions. The furious host. Wandering souls of the unquiet dead. The Aryan Maruts and Ribhus. The approach of the furious host. The black coach legend. The yelping hound. The stray hound of Odin. The Lancashire and Dorsetshire black dog fiends. The
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Trash or
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Skriker of East Lancashire. Cerberus and the Vedic Sarvari. Hermes and the Vedic Sârameyas. The howling dog, an embodiment of the wind and herald of death. Recent example of the power of this superstition in Lancashire. Acute sense of smell probably at the root of this personification. Dogs supposed to be able to see spirits. Dr. Marigold's dog and the approach of domestic storms. Will-o'-whisps, or souls of unbaptised children. The Maruts after a storm assume the form of new-born babes, as Hermes returned to his cradle after tearing up the forests. Odin sometimes chases the wild boar, sometimes Holda, or Bertha, his wife. The hell-hunt. Hell or Hela, the goddess of death. The English hunt. England the realm of Hela. Niflheim, the world of mists, and the Greek Hades. Nastrond and the modern Hell. After death punishment for crimes done in the body. Valhalla and the Gothic Hell and Devil. Contrast between the Eastern and Northern notions of Hell, and Shakspere's powerful description thereof. Wandering spirits of the Greek and Aryan mythologies. Yorkshire ballad concerning the passage of the soul over Whinney Moor. Cleveland belief in the efficacy of a gift of a pair of shoes to a poor man. Salt placed on the stomach of a corpse. Salt an emblem of eternity and immortality. Flights of birds. The seven whistlers. The bellowing of cows. Odin and his host carry off cows. The Milky-way or the _kaupat_ to heaven. The Ashton heriot. Figurative character of Odin's accessories. Examples from Greek archæic art of the gradual evolution of mythological personification from physical phenomena. Orpheus the Aryan Arbhus. The nightmare. The Maruts. The Valkyrs or wild riders of Germany. The
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Black Lad of Ashton-under-Lyne. The wild rider. The demon Tregeagle, or tyrant lord of Cornwall, and his endless labours. Tam O'Shanter and the witches. Bottomless pools. Sir Francis Drake and the hearse drawn by headless horses. The wish hounds. Poetic sympathy. The Ashton
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Black Lad or tyrant lord. Bamford's poem
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The Wild Rider.
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Sangreal.