Such schools existed, e.g., in Poland, in areas dominated by Ukrainians and Belarusians ("Kresy Wschodnie"), and in Austria-Hungary/Austria of 19th and early 20th centuries, in the areas of numerous ethnic minorities. In both cases, these types of schools were considered to be instrumented of ethnic assimilation (PolonizationTimothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999, Yale University Press, , Google Books, p.144 and GermanisationHeinz Dieter Pohl, Die ethnisch-sprachlichen Voraussetzungen der Volksabstimmung (Accessed on 3 August 2006) respectively.) In Poland, some other utraquist schools taught in Polish and Yiddish languages. Isaac Landman (1939) The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, p. 636: "Utraquist Schools"
