Those years saw Milev's participation in the Latin-based literacy campaign. In 1933, he and D. Grigorieva co-authored a primer for adult education (Abecedar: Pentru școala de vîrstnici), which placed emphasis on the terms-of-art in industrial life, as well as on the ideological tropes of Marxism-Leninism.Molcosean, pp. 520–521 From mid-1935, as acting chairman of the Moldavian Union of Writers, Milev was sending reports to the Agitprop directorate about its ineffectiveness in areas around Rîbnița. He and Lehtțir were MASSR envoys to the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers in August–September 1934, though only as members of Soviet Ukraine's larger delegation.Cimpoi, p. 233 By then, the issue of differentiating between Romanian and Moldavian had become a large-scale political controversy; Soviet theater historian Pyotr Yershov suggests that "the higher Party organizations' insistence on a sharp distinction between Rumanian and Moldavian" clashed with a "natural desire of some Moldavian writers and philologists to use as a base for the formulation of a Moldavian literary language the already crystallized Rumanian, which is in fact extremely close to Moldavian".Yershov, pp. 187–188 Overall, he notes: "Moldavian creative writing was an accomplished, if embryonic, art by the beginning of the twentieth century. Moldavian material that could be used in [declamation] classes included prose works by D. Milev".Yershov, p. 190
