Internationally, port security is governed by rules issued by the International Maritime Organization and its 2002 International Ship and Port Facility Security Code.ISPS Code Requirements for Seafarers, Ships and Ports Additionally, some United States-based programs have become de facto global port security programs, including the Container Security Initiative and the Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism. However, some businesses argue that port security governance measures are ineffective and costly and that it negatively impacts maritime transport costs.Edgerton, M., 2013. A Practitioner's Guide to Effective Maritime and Port Security. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
