A descendent of the Maharam Schick, Taglicht attended a religious elementary school and a yeshiva. After graduating high school, he went to Berlin and studied at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums and the University of Berlin, graduating from the latter with a Ph.D. in 1888. He qualified as a rabbi a year later and was elected Rabbi of the small Moravian town of Ungarisch-Ostra. He was Rabbi there for four years. In 1893, he was appointed spiritual leader of Mariahilf, in the Sixth and Seventh Districts of Vienna. After fourteen years there, he was elected Rabbi of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Districts. He succeeded Max Grunwald's rabbinic office in 1910. In 1932, he became rabbi of Leopoldstädter Tempel, Vienna's main synagogue. In 1937, he was named Chief Rabbi of Vienna. He wrote a number of studies in German about the Tanach, Jewish cultural history, and contemporary Jewish issues. He worked with YIVO in Vienna and published two studies in Yiddish. He had a large amount of material related to the history of Vienna, but in 1938 the Nazis seized his entire library, manuscripts, and the unpublished eleventh volume of Forschungen zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich (Research on the History of Jews in Austria) in 1938.
