On 11 October 1966, Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Rubiataba–Mozarlândia as the Territorial Prelature of Rubiataba from the Diocese of Goiás and Diocese of Uruaçu. Blessed John Paul II renamed the prelature as the Territorial Prelature of Rubiataba–Mozarlândia on 18 April 1979. On 16 October of the same year the prelature was elevated to a diocese.
