He was born in Prostějov, into a cultural family. He studied at the Prostějov gymnasium, and after he graduated, he moved to Prague. He studied law there, but simultaneously attended lectures of Zdeněk Nejedlý and F. X. Šalda at the Faculty of Arts. He was in close connection with the association of Czech avant-garde artists Devětsil. Wolker suffered of lung disease and died of tuberculosis at age 23.
