Despite the lack of any will to resist from Pedro II, there was significant monarchist reaction after the fall of the Empire, which was thoroughly repressed. A few examples can be given. On 17 November 1889, upon hearing the news of the Emperor's fall, the 25th Infantry Battalion resisted by attacking the local Republican Club in Desterro (present-day Florianópolis). They were defeated by Republican militias and policemen and several were killed. Others were executed. According to the source, other battalions across the country also unsuccessfully fought against policemen and militias loyal to the Republic.Mônaco Janotti, Maria de Lourdes (1986). Os Subversivos da República (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Brasiliense. In Rio de Janeiro, then-the Brazilian capital, on 18 November between 30 and 40Topik, Steven C. (2009). Comércio e canhoneiras: Brasil e Estados Unidos na Era dos Impérios (1889–97) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. monarchist soldiers rebelled. Other monarchists rebellions occurred in Rio. On 18 December 1889, the 2nd Artillery Regiment – around 50 menSilva, Hélio (2005). 1889: A República não esperou o amanhecer (in Portuguese). Porto Alegre: L&PM. – rebelled in a restorationist attempt. It led the government to ban freedom of the speech and exile or arrest several monarchist politicians. Another far more serious monarchist rebellion occurred on 14 January 1890, when one cavalry regiment, two infantry regiments, and one artillery battalion attempted to overthrown the republic. It had more than 100 casualties, and 21 officers and soldiers who took part of it were executed and more monarchist politicians were arrested.
