A 2018 Science Magazine paper estimated that that at , and , over half of climatically determined geographic range would be lost by 4%, 8% and 26% of vertebrate species. This estimate was later directly cited in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. According to the IUCN Red List criteria, such a range loss is sufficient to classify as species as "endangered", and it is considered equivalent to >20% likelihood of extinction over the 10–100 years.
