Animal genetic resources, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, are "those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture, and the populations within each of them. These populations within each species can be classified as wild and feral populations, landraces and primary populations, standardised breeds, selected lines, varieties, strains and any conserved genetic material; all of which are currently categorized as Breeds."FAO. "Annex 2: Working Definitions for Use in Developing Country Reports and Providing Supporting Data." Animal Genetics Resources Information: Special Issue State of the World 30 (2001): 35–40. Web. May 19, 2016. . Genetic materials that are typically cryogenically preserved include sperm, oocytes, embryos and somatic cells.Mazur, P., S.p Leibo, and G. E. Seidel. "Cryopreservation of the Germplasm of Animals Used in Biological and Medical Research: Importance, Impact, Status, and Future Directions." Biology of Reproduction 78.1 (2007): 2–12. Web.Solti, L., E.g. Crichton, N.m. Loskutoff, and S. Cseh. "Economical and Ecological Importance of Indigenous Livestock and the Application of Assisted Reproduction to Their Preservation." Theriogenology 53.1 (2000): 149–62. Web. Cryogenic facilities are called gene banks and can vary greatly in size usually according to the economic resources available. They must be able to facilitate germplasm collection, processing, and long term storage, all in a hygienic and organized manner. Gene banks must maintain a precise database and make information and genetic resources accessible to properly facilitate cryoconservation. Cryoconservation is an ex situ conservation strategy that often coexists alongside in situ conservation to protect and preserve livestock genetics.Hiemstra, Sipke Joost, Tette Van Der Lende, and Henri Woelders. "The Potential of Cryopreservation and Reproductive Technologies for Animal Genetic Resources Conservation Strategies." Cryobiology 63.3 (2011): 316–17. Web.
