Marcos developed a Ferdinand Marcos' cult of personality as a way of holding on to power for a further 14 years.Root, Hilton L., Three Asian Dictators: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (January 16, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716732Mark M. Turner (1990) Authoritarian rule and the dilemma of legitimacy: The case of President Marcos of the Philippines, The Pacific Review, 3:4, 349–362, DOI: 10.1080/09512749008718886 Among Marcos' rationalizations for the declaration of martial law were the linked ideologies of the "bagong lipunan" ("new society") and of "constitutional authoritarianism," claiming there was a need to "reform society" by placing it under the control of a "benevolent dictator" in a "constitutional authority" which could guide the undisciplined populace through a period of chaos. Marcos supported the ideology of "constitutional authoritarianism" with various exercises in social engineering, united under the banner of the "bagong lipunan." The Philippine education system underwent a major period of restructuring in after the declaration of Martial Law in 1972, in which the teaching of civics and history was reorientedJose Abueva, "Ideology and Practice in the 'New Society'", in Marcos and Martial Law in the Philippines, edited by David Rosenberg (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), pp.35-—36 so that it would reflect values which supported the Bagong Lipunan and its ideology of constitutional authoritarianism. His administration also took control of the mass media to silence public criticism and produced an array of propaganda materials – including speeches, books, lectures, slogans, and numerous propaganda songs – to promote it.
