Pope also introduced mechanization and mass production (later copied and adopted by Ford and General Motors),Norcliffe, pp.106 & 108. GM's practise of sharing chassis, bodies, and other parts is exactly what Pope was doing. vertically integrated,Norcliffe, p.106. (also later copied and adopted by Ford), advertised aggressivelyNorcliffe, pp.142–7. (as much as ten percent of all advertising in U.S. periodicals in 1898 was by bicycle makers),Norcliffe, p.145. promoted the Good Roads Movement (which had the side benefit of acting as advertising, and of improving sales by providing more places to ride),Norcliffe, p.108. and litigated on behalf of cyclists (It would, however, be Western Wheel Works of Chicago which would drastically reduce production costs by introducing stamping to the production process in place of machining, significantly reducing costs, and thus prices.)Norcliffe, p.107. In addition, bicycle makers adopted the annual model changeBabaian, Sharon. The Most Benevolent Machine: A Historical Assessment of Cycles in Canada (Ottawa: National Museum of Science and Technology, 1998), p.97. (later derided as planned obsolescence, and usually credited to General Motors), which proved very successful.Babaian, p.98.
