At the end of the 20th century organizations such as the OECD and the International Labour Organization used the concept to address the challenges faced by the labour market: lengthening of retirement, maintaining the elderly in employment, etc.Thibauld Moulaert, Sylvie Carbonnelle et Laurent Nisen (2014). Le vieillissement actif dans tous ses éclats, Presses Universitaires de Louvain. In 2002 the World Health Organization (WHO) gave a new twist to the concept by emphasising the prevention of health problems. A number of ICT platforms are in the process of being developed.Sammon, David, et al. "Special issue on IS/IT Applications for the Support of Older People." International journal of medical informatics 82.11 (2013): 1035-1036.Gustafson, D. H., et al. "Effect of an eHealth intervention on older adults’ quality of life and health-related outcomes: a randomized clinical trial" Journal of General Internal Medicine (2021): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-021-06888-1 . The concept was then extended to elders being engaged in their communities (e.g. through volunteering) and their family. From this point of view an elder should optimize his or her health in order to benefit his or her own life as much as enrich the collectivity. Critics condemn the normativity of this model as "successfully" ageing in which elders have to stay active and be involved in activities recognized as beneficial without taking into account their heterogeneous life courses.Stephen Katz (2013). Active and Successful Aging. Lifestyle as a Gerontological Idea, Recherches sociologiques et anthropologiques 44(1): 33-49
