The negotiations finally failed when the small Thuringian states agreed the Treaty of Arnstadt amongst themselves in December 1822, seeking first to unify themselves, before engaging with larger projects.Hahn, p. 38 In the following period, there were several bilateral agreements. For example, Hesse-Darmstadt and Baden agreed a trade treaty on 10 September 1824 (although this did not last long). It provided for customs-free, low-tariff trade in various products and provided for further revision of the customs law.Ludwig Kirsch: Die Zoll- und Reichssteuerverwaltung im Großherzogthum Baden, Karlsruhe 1885, p. 38. These efforts led most states to consider making another attempt at forming a customs union.
