The oldest known, man/animal-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC in Corinth, Greece. Rail transport resumed in mid 16th century in Germany in the form of horse-powered funiculars and wagonways. Modern rail transport began with the British development of the steam locomotive in Merthyr Tydfil when Richard Trevithick used a steam locomotive in 1802. Built by George Stephenson, the Locomotion No. 1 is the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George Stephenson also built the first public inter-city railway line, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which opened in 1830. With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, a key component of the Industrial Revolution. Railways reduced the costs of shipping, and lost fewer goods, compared with water transport. The change from canals to railways allowed for "national markets" in which prices varied little from city to city. The use of railway timetables led to standard railway time replacing local mean time. The invention and development of the railway in the United Kingdom was one of the most important technological inventions of the 19th century. The world's first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway (part of the London Underground), opened in 1863.
