The Olympics have "been dealing with" intersex athletes since the 1930s, with notable cases appearing at the 1936 Summer Olympics in the form of Stella Walsh and Heinrich Ratjen. Walsh's case was handled sympathetically, while Ratjen's Games appearance may have been deliberately dishonest. In the 1960s, when systemic doping became a significant issue and it was harder to tell the difference between men and doped women, sex verification was first implemented. An early and inadequate test in 1967 incorrectly identified Barr body intersex athlete Ewa Kłobukowska as not female, seeing her past Olympic achievements written off and her career end. Between 1968 and 1998, all female athletes at the Olympics were subject to sex verification as a matter of process (with the exception of Anne, Princess Royal, who competed in 1976). Until 1992, the test used was to identify chromosomes, something that had been deemed unreliable in the scientific community for decades; Maria José Martínez-Patiño was banned from women's athletics after qualifying for the 1988 Summer Olympics, before being allowed to compete again later that year.
