The park centers on the Khvalynsk Mountains, a raised plateau that stretches along the west bank of the Volga River (referred to as the 'Right Bank'). Because the bedrock is primarily chalk and marl, the landform reflects extensive erosion out from the center of the ridge, with undulating and hilly terrain and numerous interconnected ravines and gullies. The varied landforms create many micro-climates and habitats. The highest mountain (Belenkaya, almost entirely of chalk) is 369 meters in altitude, and there are five other mountains over 250 meters in height. The mountains in the park are mostly covered with upland forest trees. The Volga reaches its greatest depths (22 meters) in the territory of the park.
