Lately, Maddi has characterized hardiness as a combination of three attitudes (commitment, control, and challenge) provide the courage and motivation needed to turn stressful circumstances from potential calamities into opportunities for personal growth. Bartone considers hardiness as something more global than mere attitudes. He conceives hardiness as a broad personality style or generalized mode of functioning that includes cognitive, emotional, and behavioural qualities. This style of functioning affects how one views oneself and interacts with the world around.
