Sultan Abdülaziz after his visits to Europe, ordered the translation of gymnastics books which will be used as school books in the Ottoman Empire. In 1869 Rüştiyeler (Junior High Schools), in 1870 Mekteb-i Tıbbiye (Ottoman Medical School), in 1887 İdadiler (High Schools) were now having gymnastics and fencing classes in their syllabuses.BULGU, Nefise, and ÇELİK, Veli Onur. “Geç Osmanlı döneminde batılılaşma ekseninde beden eğitimi ve spor.” Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü dergisi, no. 24 (2010): 141. http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr/susbed/article/download/217/201
