He served in the US Army between 1957 and 1959. Following his military service, Einaudi was at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Between 1962 and 1974, he was a researcher at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California, attaining his PhD from Harvard in 1966. From the 1970s onward, Einaudi served as the United States Department of State' policy-planning chief for Latin America. While at the US State Department, Einaudi met with Vladimiro Montesinos – then a captain in the Peruvian Army – during a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation that brought Montesinos to Washington, D.C., which later resulted with the army captain's temporary imprisonment.
