Having fallen out of use in England in the 13th century,Rose, p. 25. two arches topped with a monde and cross reappeared on the state crown during the reign of Henry V (), though arches did not feature on the Great Seal again until 1471.Collins, p. 11. Known as a 'closed' or imperial crown, the arches and cross symbolised the king's pretensions of being an emperor of his own domain, subservient to no one but God, unlike some continental rulers who owed fealty to more powerful kings or to the Holy Roman emperor.Dale Hoak in Hoak, "The iconography of the crown imperial", pp. 55, 63.
