Dhulia was elevated from the bar to the bench and appointed as judge of the Uttarakhand High Court on 1 November 2008. He was also appointed as the judge in-charge of education, Uttarakhand judicial and legal academy. He took oath of office of Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court on 10 January 2021 and served there until his elevation to the Supreme Court of India. He was elevated as judge of Supreme Court of India on 9 May 2022.
