In October 2019, in the first Test match against South Africa, Agarwal scored his maiden century in Test cricket. He went on to convert his maiden test century into his first double hundred in a Test match, before being dismissed for 215 runs of 371 balls with 23 fours and 6 sixes. After hitting his 2nd Test hundred against South Africa, Agarwal became only the 2nd Indian opener after Virender Sehwag (2009–10) to score back to back centuries against South Africa.
