Given that understanding the evolution of sea ice was one of the primary goals of the MOSAiC expedition, ocean processes affecting the ice, like near-surface mixing, were at the heart of the oceanographic investigations. In addition, the dynamics and thermodynamics of the mixing layer were explored in detail. For this purpose, continuous measurements were taken of turbulent fluxes directly below the ocean-ice boundary, to help understand the speeds of the ice and ocean, vertical thermal and momentum flows, diffusion of mass and other key processes. Moreover, the deep ocean was observed in the broader context by creating profiles of the flow speed, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the top hundred metres of the Arctic Ocean on a regular basis, so as to better grasp its effects on the upper ocean-ice boundary layer.
