Some DMs lead to potential differences between the cells of a module or just parts of a single cell, which usually result in increased temperature, so called hot spots. An infrared (IR) camera allows to take an image of the module temperature with high spatial resolution, this is called thermography. Three different measurement methods are possible with thermography. The first one is called steady state thermography and can be done in the field. In laboratory conditions it is possible to perform pulse thermography and lock-in thermography, which can give a more detailed view of the PV module.
