Portugal entered five athletes into the table tennis competition at the Games. The men's team secured a berth by advancing to the quarterfinal round of the 2020 World Olympic Qualification Event in Gondomar, permitting a maximum of two starters to compete in the men's singles tournament. On the women's side, Rio 2016 Olympian Fu Yu scored an outright semifinal victory to book one of three Olympic spots available at the 2019 European Games in Minsk, Belarus. Shao Jieni was automatically selected among the top ten table tennis players vying for qualification to join Yu in the same event based on the ITTF Olympic Rankings of June 1, 2021.
