The route of the abandoned Wilts & Berks Canal passes through the west of Steventon parish, about west-northwest of the village. Building had begun in 1796 at Semington Junction in Wiltshire and reached West Challow in 1807. The final section, from West Challow through Steventon to Abingdon, was completed in 1810. There was a Steventon Lock in the parish. Traffic on the canal had virtually ceased by 1901 and the route was formally abandoned in 1914. The Wilts & Berks Canal Trust is currently restoring the canal. In June 1840 the Great Western Railway opened Steventon railway station. It was the main station for Oxford, to the north, until in 1844 the line from Didcot to was opened. British Railways closed Steventon station in 1964. The nearest station is now Didcot Parkway, about east of Steventon.
