The district is located in the eastern part of the Valdai Hills. The whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Msta River, a major tributary of Lake Ilmen, which, in its turn, belongs to the basin of the Baltic Sea. A stretch of the Msta makes a border between Bologovsky and Udomelsky Districts, and Msta also crosses the northeast corner of the district. The biggest tributary of the Msta within the district is the Berezayka River, with its tributary, the Valdayka River. The rivers in the south of the district drain into the Shlina River, a tributary of the Tsna River, also in the basin of the Msta. The Shlina crosses the southern part of the district.
