Australian institutions were involved in some of the early developments in the Open Access movement, including the first university to mandate open access to its research outputs in 2003. In 2006 the Australian government signed the OECD Recommendation on Access to Research Data from Public Funding when it was first adopted by the OECD Council and have resigned the updated recommendation issued in 2021. Australian research funding agencies introduced open access policies in 2013–14, however caveats in these policies led to low effect as they were not monitored or mandatory. As of 2020, Australian institutions lag behind those of other countries, especially Europe and Latin America.
