On August 22, 2017, Judge A. Wallace Tashima ruled that the Tucson Unified School District had violated the students' First and Fourteenth Amendment rights by eliminating the Mexican American Studies Program in Tucson's public schools. Since the ban of the Mexican American studies program had deprived the students of certain knowledge, Judge Tashima found the Tucson Unified School District had interfered with the students' First Amendment right. The judge further ruled that former superintendent Tom Horne, who initiated the campaign to remove the program, along with other school officials, were motivated by racial bias and thereby violated the students' Fourteenth Amendment right.
