However , one `` in vitro '' study in 2007 and later an `` in vivo '' study in 2008 have shown that tamoxifen induces apoptosis in growth plate chondrocytes , reduces s erum insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1 ) levels and causes persistent retardation of longitudinal and cortical radial bone growth in young male rats , leading the researchers to express concern giving tamoxifen to growing individuals .
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