He aha te pātai ki: "Ko te kaihoko e whakaohooho ana i te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana ki te mohio ki te kaihoko hei tangata ke, whakangaro i a ia, me te "mahara" ki a ia, kia taea ai e te pūnaha ārai mate te mohio me te whakangaro i tetahi o enei microorganisms e kitea ana e ia i muri mai"? Ko te kaupapa ko te kano ārai mate.
"he aha te wāhanga matua o ngā kano ārai mate?"