Whakaotihia te rerenga e whai ake nei: I te mea kua tino koroheketia a Uthman ibn Affan, ko Marwan I, he whanaunga o Muawiyah, i uru atu ki roto i te koretake, ka noho hei kaitiaki, ka kaha haere te mana. I te kohurutanga o Uthman i te tau 656, ko Ali ibn Abi Talib, he whanaunga me te mokopuna o Muhammad, i riro i a ia te tūranga o te caliph me te neke i te whakapaipai ki Kufa i Iraq. Ko Muawiyah I, te kawana o Hiria, me Marwan I i tono kia hopukina nga tangata hara. I whakahaerehia e Marwan I te katoa, ā, i waihanga pakanga, nā reira i hua ai te
te Pakanga Tuatahi (te "First Fitna"). I kohurutia a Ali e nga Kharijites i te tau 661. E ono marama i muri mai i te tau 661, i roto i te painga o te rangimarie, ko te tama a Ali a Hasan, i whakarite i tetahi kirimana rangimarie me Muawiyah I. I roto i te kirimana Hasan <unk> Muawiya, i tukuna e Hasan ibn Ali te mana ki a Muawiya i runga i te tikanga ka tika ia ki te iwi kaore e whakapumautia he whare rangatira i muri i tona matenga. I muri mai ka pakaru a Muawiyah i nga tikanga o te kirimana ka whakapumautia te whare rangatira o Umayyad, me te whakapaipai i Ramahiku. Ko Husayn ibn Ali, i taua wa ko te mokopuna anake o Muhammad, kaore i whakaae ki te oati ki nga Umayyads. I mate ia i te Pakanga o Karbala i taua tau ano, i roto i tetahi huihuinga e tangihia ana e te Shia i te Ra o Ashura. I haere tonu te raruraru, i kiia ko te Fitna Tuarua, engari i whakawhānuihia te mana o te Mahometa i raro i Muawiyah ki Rhodes, Crete, Kabul, Bukhara, me Samarkand, ka whakawhānuihia ki Awherika ki te Raki. I te tau 664, ka riro i nga ope Arapi a Kabul, a, i te tau 665 ka eke ki Maghreb.