I roto i te 1866, ka pānui ia Friedrich Albert Lange's History of Materialism. Ko nga whakaahuatanga a Lange mo te rapunga whakaaro anti-materialistic o Kant, te pikinga o te European Materialism, te kaha o te awangawanga o Uropi ki te pūtaiao, te ariā o Charles Darwin mo te whanaketanga, me te tutu whanui ki te tikanga me te mana i tino miharo ki a Nietzsche. Ka tohe a Nietzsche i te mutunga ko te kore e taea te whakamarama whanaketanga o te tikanga aesthetic tangata.I te 1867, i hainatia e Nietzsche mo te tau kotahi o te mahi tuuturu me te wehenga pupuhi Prussian i Naumburg. I kiia ia ko tetahi o nga kaieke pai rawa i roto i ona hoa, a ko ana rangatira i matapae ka tae wawe ia ki te taumata rangatira. Heoi, i te Maehe 1868, i te wa e eke ana ki te huinga o tana hoiho, ka pakaru a Nietzsche ki tana papa me te taha o tana puku, ka mahue i a ia e rua marama i muri mai i taua tau, kaore i taea e
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