Tirohia te whiti i raro nei, a ka whakahoki i te pātai i muri i roto i te reo ano rite te whiti: Passage: Ko te whakahaere i te mekameka tono te taua rite te whakahaere mekameka supply, engari ki te arotahi i runga i te kaihoko kukume vs kaiwhakarato pana. tīmata te mekameka tono ki kiritaki, ka funnels i roto i tetahi kaihoko, distributors, me ētahi atu hoa pakihi e te tauturu hoko hua me ngā ratonga o te kamupene. ngā te mekameka tono e rua tika, me te āwangawanga sales ope. he uaua ki te kitea tono kiritaki no te mea i roto i o ngā āhuatanga kararehe (OOS) faking raraunga i kohia i POS-Terminals. E ai ki ngā rangahau o Corsten / Gruen (2002, 2008) te OOS-rate ko e pā ana ki 8%. hoki ngā hua i raro i te whakatairanga hoko OOS auau ki runga ki te 30% tīari.
te arotahi ki te kukume a te kaihoko me te akiaki a te kaiwhakarato