Ki te whai i te whiti i raro nei, me te ka whakahoki i te pātai i muri i roto i te reo ano rite te whiti: Passage: Planck (1906a) tautuhia te nekehanga relativistic ka hoatu i te uara tika mo te papatipu longitudinal me whiti mā te whakatika i te hape iti o te faaiteraa i homai e Einstein i roto i 1905. i faaiteraa Planck o i roto i te parau tumu ōrite ki te hunga whakamahia e Lorentz i roto i 1899. i runga i te mahi o Planck, i whakawhanakehia te ariā o te papatipu relativistic e Gilbert Newton Lewis ko Richard C. Tolman (1908, 1909) mā te tautuhi papatipu rite te ōwehenga o te nekehanga ki te tere. na te tautuhinga tawhito o te papatipu longitudinal me whiti, i roto i nei i tautuhia rite te ōwehenga o te kaha papatipu ki te whakatere, ka riro i te kore. te mutunga, Tolman (1912) faaite papatipu relativistic noa rite te papatipu o te tinana. Heoi, e kore e maha pukapuka hou i
te whakamāramatanga tawhito o te taumaha roa me te tapawhā