Whakarāpopototia te tuhinga:  E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao i tīmata te ora i runga i te whenua ki te whanake tata ki te 3.8 piriona tau ki muri. Engari ahakoa kua taea e ratou te whakatakoto i te rā i puta mai ai te ora, kei te tawhiti tonu ratou i te mohio me pehea i puta mai ai. I tēnei wā, e kī ana ngā kairangahau i te US me Itari he taunakitanga kei a rātau he wāhanga pērā ki te DNA i tae mai ki ngā 'whakarato' i ārahi i tō rātau tipu ki ngā momo oranga matatini i te 4 piriona tau ki muri. Panuku ki raro mō te ataata. E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao i tīmata te ora i runga i te whenua ki te 3.8 piriona tau ki mua, engari kei te tawhiti tonu rātau i te mōhio me pēhea i puta mai ai. Na ka mea ngā kairangahau i te US me Itari he tohu kei a rātau he wāhanga pērā ki te DNA i tae mai ki ngā 'whakarato' i ārahi i tō rātau tipu ki ngā momo oranga matatini i te 4 piriona tau ki mua. Ko te RNA, e tohu ana i te waikawa ribonucleic, he rāpoi ngota i hangaia mai i tētahi, i ētahi atu nucleotides rānei. Koia tētahi o ngā rāpoi ngota koiora matua e toru e tika ana mō ngā momo ora katoa e mōhiotia ana, me te DNA me ngā pūmua. Ko te mahi matua o te RNA ko te whakawhiti i te waehere iranga hei waihanga pūmua mai i te karihi ki te ribosome. Mā tēnei e ārai i te DNA kia wehe atu i te karihi, ā, ka tiakina i te kino. Ka mahi hoki hei whakakā me te whakaweto mō ētahi ira. E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau i whakamahia e ēnei wāhanga ō rātau āheinga whanaketanga whaiaro tūturu ki te tipu ki ngā mekameka matū i te wā roa ki te whanake ki te ora taketake. Ko te rangahau, na te Whare Wānanga o Milan me te Whare Wānanga o Colorado Boulder, i ahu mai i te kitenga i nga tau 1980 ka taea e te RNA te whakarereke i tana ake hanganga. He ōrite te RNA ki te DNA, ā, he maha ngā mahi i roto i ō tātou pūtau, tae atu ki te mahi hei whakakā me te whakaweto mō ētahi ira. E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao i te tīmatanga o te ora, i whai wāhi nui a RNA ki te hanga i ngā rauropi matatini i mua i te whakawhanaketanga o te DNA me ngā pūmua. He tokomaha nga kairangahau o te takenga mai o te ora e mea ana he tino motuhake nga mekameka RNA kia kore ai e puta hei hua o nga tauhohenga matū tupono. Heoi anō, e kī ana te rangahau hou, ka whakarato i tētahi ariā kē mā te tohe i ngā wāhanga pērā ki te DNA taketake i puta mai i tēnei...
E kī ana ngā kaipūtaiao i ārahi ngā wāhanga pērā i te DNA i tō rātou ake tipu. E kī ana rātau ka taea e te tukanga te whakahaere i te hanganga o ngā here matū. Ka hono ēnei ki ngā mekameka DNA poto hei hanga i ngā mekameka roa kia tipu ai te ora. Kua whakaaturia tēnei āheinga whakakotahitanga whaiaro ki te RNA.