Whakakihia te rerenga e whai ake nei: Ko Abu al-Abbas Abdallah ibn Harun al-Rashid (; 14 Mahuru 786 <unk> 9 Akuhata 833), e mohiotia whanuitia ana e tana ingoa kingitanga al-Ma'mun (), ko ia te tuawhitu o nga caliph Abbasid, i kingi mai i te 813 tae noa ki tona matenga i te 833. I whai mana ia i tana teina-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te-te
pakanga ā-iwi, i te wā i ngoikore ai te kotahitanga o te Abbasid Caliphate na te tutu me te piki ake o nga tangata kaha o te rohe; he nui o tana kingitanga o te kaainga i pau i roto i nga kaupapa whakamana. I a ia he mātauranga pai, he nui hoki tana hiahia ki te mātauranga, i whakatairanga a al-Ma'mun i te Rerenga Whakamāoritanga, i te tipu haere o te mātauranga me te pūtaiao i Baghdad, i te whakaputanga hoki o te pukapuka a al-Khwarizmi e mōhiotia nei ko "Algebra". E mohiotia ana hoki ia mo te tautoko i te kaupapa o Mu'tazilism me te herehere i a Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, te pikinga o te tukino i te haahi ("mihna"), me te whakahoutanga o te pakanga nui ki te Emepaea o Byzantine.