Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Passage: I roto i te matū, ko te orbital rāpoi ngota (MO) he taumahi pāngarau e whakaahua ana i te whanonga rite-ngaru o te irahiko i roto i te rāpoi ngota. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei taumahi ki te tātai i ngā āhuatanga matū me te ōkiko pēnei i te tūponotanga o te kimi i tētahi irahiko i tētahi rohe motuhake. Ko te kupu orbital i whakauruhia e Robert S. Mulliken i te 1932 hei whakarāpopototanga mo te mahi ngaru orbital kotahi-hiko. I te taumata taketake, ka whakamahia hei whakaahua i te rohe o te mokowā kei reira te taumahi he whānuitanga nui. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia ngā orbitals rāpoi mā te whakakotahi i ngā orbitals ngota, i ngā orbitals hybrid rānei mai i ia ngota o te rāpoi ngota, i ētahi atu orbitals rāpoi ngota rānei mai i ngā rōpū ngota. Ka taea te tātai i te nui mā te whakamahi i te Hartree <unk> Fock, i ngā tikanga āpure whaiaro (SCF) rānei.  Pātai: He aha te tohu o te MO?
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