Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Passage: Ka whakaputahia ngā antibodies motuhake mā te werohanga i tētahi antigen ki roto i tētahi kararehe whāngote, pēnei i te kiore, te kiore, te kiore, te koati, te hipi, te hoiho rānei mō te nui o te antibody. Kei roto i te toto i wehea mai i ēnei kararehe ngā antibodies polyclonal - he maha ngā antibodies e herea ana ki te antigen kotahi i roto i te serum, e taea ana te karanga ināianei ko te antiserum. Ka werohia hoki ngā antigen ki ngā heihei hei whakaputa i ngā antibodies polyclonal i roto i te kōwai. Hei whiwhi i te antibody e motuhake ana ki te epitope kotahi o te antigen, ka wehea nga lymphocytes antibody-secreting mai i te kararehe, ka whakakotahihia ma te whakakotahi ki te raina pūtau mate pukupuku. Ko ngā pūtau whakakotahi e kiia ana ko ngā hybridomas, ā, ka tipu haere tonu, ka whakaputa ārai tinana i roto i te ahurea. Ka wehea ngā pūtau hybridoma takitahi mā te whakaranu whakaranu ki te whakaputa i ngā pūtau whakaranu e whakaputa katoa ana i te antibody kotahi; ko ēnei antibodies e kiia ana ko ngā antibodies monoclonal. Ko nga antibodies polyclonal me te monoclonal e tino horoia ana ma te whakamahi i te Protein A / G, i te antigen-affinity chromatography ranei. I roto i te rangahau, ka whakamahia nga antibodies horoia i roto i nga tono maha. Ka taea te kimi ārai mate mō ngā tono rangahau mai i ngā kaiwhakarato ārai mate, mā te whakamahi rānei i tētahi pūkaha rapu motuhake. Ko ngā ārai whakamātautau e whakamahia nuitia ana hei tautuhi me te kimi i ngā pūmua ā-pūtau me ngā pūmua ā-waho. Ka whakamahia ngā ārai mate i roto i te pūtau rerenga ki te wehewehe i ngā momo pūtau mā ngā pūmua e whakapuakina ana e rātau; he rerekē ngā momo pūtau e whakapuaki ana i ngā pahekotanga rerekē o ngā rāpoi ngota wehewehe i runga i to rātau mata, ā, ka whakaputa i ngā pūmua ā-pūtau me ngā pūmua e taea ana te whakaputa. Ka whakamahia hoki ki te aukati i te aukati ki te wehe i nga pūmua me nga mea katoa e piri ana ki a raatau (co-immunoprecipitation) mai i etahi atu ngota i roto i te lysate pūtau, i roto i nga taatai Western blot ki te tautuhi i nga pūmua i wehea e te electrophoresis, me te immunohistochemistry, te immunofluorescence ranei ki te tirotiro i te whakaaturanga pūmua i roto i nga waahanga kiko, ki te kimi pūmua ranei i roto i nga pūtau ma te awhina o te miihini. Ka taea hoki te kitea me te tātai i ngā pūmua mā ngā antibody, mā te whakamahi i te ELISA me te ELISPOT...  Pātai: He aha ngā antibodies monoclonal e whakamahia ana hei horoi?
Ko te A/G pūmua, ko te antigen-affinity chromatography rānei