Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Passage: I whakaaturia e Ladner mēnā P ≠ NP ka tīari ngā raruraru i roto i te NP kāore i roto i te P, i te NP-katoa rānei. Ka kīia ēnei raruraru ko ngā raruraru NP-waenga. Ko te raruraru isomorphism graph, ko te raruraru logarithm motuhake me te raruraru whakareatanga tau tōpū he tauira o nga raruraru e whakaarohia ana he NP-waenga. Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru NP iti rawa kāore i te mōhiotia kei roto i te P, kei roto rānei i te NP-katoa.  Pātai: He aha te ingoa o ēnei raruraru?
Ngā raruraru takawaenga NP