Tuhia he tomokanga mō tēnei wāhanga - I whai mahi a Ingarangi i tētahi ratonga consular i Hapani mai i te 1859 i muri i te hainatanga o te 1858 Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce i waenganui i a James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin me te Tokugawa Shogunate tae noa ki te 1941 i te wā i whakaekehia ai e Hapani te rangatiratanga koroni o Ingarangi
ka whakapuaki pakanga ki te United Kingdom.