I roto i te 1977, i whakawhanakehia te Berkeley Pūmanawa Distribution (BSD) e te Rōpū Rangahau Pūnaha Rorohiko (CSRG) i UC Berkeley, i runga i te putanga 6 o Unix i AT & T. I roto i te BSD i roto i te waehere Unix e AT & T nona, AT & T whakawakia he whakawa (USL v. BSDi) i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1990s ki te Whare Wānanga o California. tenei tino whakawhāiti te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o BSD. I roto i te 1983, Richard Stallman tīmata te kaupapa GNU ki te whāinga o te hanga i te pūnaha whakahaere free UNIX-e. Hei wāhanga o tenei mahi, i tuhituhi ia i te GNU General Public License (GPL). Na roto i te tīmatanga o te 1990, i reira i te pūmanawa tata e wātea ana ki te waihanga i te pūnaha whakahaere tonu. Heoi, i taea e te kernel GNU, i huaina Hurd, ki te kukume nui kaha, mahue i te whanaketanga GNU. I roto i te 1985, whakaputaina Intel te tuatahi 8038
tata noa pūmanawa e wātea ana ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere tonu