Ko nga tohunga nui o te British Empiricism ko John Locke, George Berkeley me David Hume; ko Dugald Stewart, Thomas Reid me William Hamilton nga kaiwhakaatu nui o te kura "whakaaro noa" o Scotland. E rua nga Pakeha e mohiotia ana mo te ariā o te whakaaro nui o te whakaaro nui, i whakamahia tuatahihia e Jeremy Bentham, a muri mai e John Stuart Mill i roto i tana mahi poto Utilitarianism. Pātai: Ko Jeremy Bentham me te hunga Pakeha rongonui.
Ko John Stuart Mill