Ko te tikanga o enei tauhohenga catabolic ko te ki te whakarato i te pūngao me ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana e tauhohenga anabolic e hanga rāpoi ngota. rerekē te āhua tika o enei tauhohenga catabolic i te rauropi ki te rauropi, a taea te whakarōpū i ngā rauropi i runga i to ratou puna o te pūngao me te waro (to ratou rōpū kai matua), rite whakaaturia i roto i te ripanga i raro nei. whakamahia rāpoi ngota organic rite te puna o te pūngao e organotrophs, i te whakamahi lithotrophs inorganic substrate, me phototrophs hopu te marama ra rite pūngao matū. Heoi, whakawhirinaki enei rerekē katoa o te pūngao i runga i tauhohenga redox e ngā te whakawhiti o electrons i rāpoi ngota rauropi whakaheke pērā i te wai, pērā i te sulfide ammonia, i te waikura nitrate ranei? i roto i ngā tauhohenga pūngao ngota pērā i te waikura waro, e kore e whakamahia i roto i ngā mat
te pakaru me te waikura