Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Te whakawhiti: Ka whakakotahihia ngā pūmua mai i ngā waikawa amino mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiohio kua tuhia ki roto i ngā ira. Kei ia pūmua tōna ake raupapa waikawa amino ahurei e whakaahuatia ana e te raupapa karihi o te ira e waehere ana i tēnei pūmua. Ko te waehere iranga he huinga o nga huinga nucleotide e toru e kiia ana ko nga codon me ia huinga nucleotide e toru e tohu ana i te waikawa amino, hei tauira ko te AUG (adenine-uracil-guanine) te waehere mo te methionine. I te mea e whā ngā nucleotides o te DNA, ko te maha katoa o ngā codon ka taea ko te 64; nō reira, he nui te nui o te waehere iranga, me ētahi waikawa amino e tautuhia ana e te nui ake i te kotahi codon. Ko ngā ira kua tuhia ki te DNA ka tuhia tuatahitia ki te RNA o mua (mRNA) e ngā pūmua pēnei i te RNA polymerase. Ko te nuinga o ngā rauropi ka tukatuka i te mRNA-mua (e mōhiotia ana hoki he tuhinga tuatahi) mā te whakamahi i ngā momo whakarerekētanga i muri i te tuhipoka hei hanga i te mRNA pakeke, ka whakamahia hei tauira mō te waihanga pūmua e te ribosome. I roto i ngā pūtaiao, ka taea te whakamahi i te mRNA i te wā tonu ka whakaputaina, ka herea rānei e te ribosome i muri i tana neke atu i te karihi. I tua atu, ka hangaia e te eukaryotes te mRNA i roto i te karihi pūtau, kātahi ka whakawhiti atu ki te kiriuhi karihi ki te cytoplasm, kei reira te waihanga pūmua. Ko te tere o te waihanga pūmua he teitei ake i roto i nga prokaryotes i nga eukaryotes ka tae ki te 20 waikawa amino ia hēkona. Ko te tukanga o te waihanga pūmua mai i te tauira mRNA e mohiotia ana ko te whakamaoritanga. Ka utaina te mRNA ki runga i te ribosome ka panuihia e toru nga nucleotide i te wa kotahi ma te whakarite i ia codon ki tana anticodon takirua turanga kei runga i te rāpoi RNA whakawhiti, e mau ana i te waikawa amino e pa ana ki te codon e mohio ana. Ko te whākōkī aminoacyl tRNA synthetase "ka utaina" nga rāpoi tRNA ki nga waikawa amino tika. Ko te polypeptide e tipu ana e kiia ana ko te mekameka hou. Ko ngā pūmua e whakahiatohia tonutia ana mai i te N-mutunga ki te C-mutunga. Ka taea te ine i te rahi o te pūmua i whakahiatohia e te maha o ngā waikawa amino kei roto, ā, e tōna taumaha rāpoi ngota katoa, arā...  Pātai: E hia ngā nucleotides kei roto i te DNA?
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