Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Passage: I te tau 1986 i kitea e ia te hononga whakawhiti antiparallel i waenga i nga paparanga ferromagnetic i wehea e te paparanga iti-kore-ferromagnetic, ana i te tau 1988 i kitea e ia te painga magnetoresistive nui (GMR). I kitea te GMR i te wa kotahi, i te wa motuhake hoki e Albert Fert mai i te Université de Paris Sud. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te reira i roto i te pānui upoko o puku mārō hou. Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga o te pānga GMR ko te pūmahara ā-roto, he pūmahara ā-roto ā-roto.  Patai: I tehea tau i kitea ai e ia te GMR?
Ko te tau 1988