Whakaotihia te rerenga e whai ake nei: Ko ngā tau pōraru e toru o te mana ā-iwi i whai ake, i tohuhia e ngā rerenga pōraru. I tirohia te kawanatanga liberal me te riri e te Congress of Verona i te tau 1822, a i whakaaetia a France ki te whakauru. I whakaekehia e te ope French i raro i te whakahau a Duke o Angoulême, a Spain i roto i te mea e kiia nei ko
I whakaekehia e ia nga ope o te kawanatanga o te rangatiratanga o te rangatiratanga me te kaha nui. I whakahokia a Ferdinand hei rangatira tino nui i te 1823, e tohu ana i te mutunga o te rua o nga hurihanga bourgeois Spanish.