Tirohia te wāhanga i raro nei, kātahi ka whakautu i te pātai i muri mai i te reo kotahi me te wāhanga:  Passage: Ko te taumaha invariant o te irahiko e tata ana ki te 9.109 × 10−31 kilograms, 5.489 × 10−4 wae taumaha ngota. I runga i te kaupapa o Einstein o te taurite taumaha-hinengaro, ko tenei taumaha e pa ana ki te kaha o te 0.511 MeV. Ko te ōwehenga i waenganui i te papatipu o te pūtau me te papatipu o te irahiko e tata ana ki te 1836. E whakaatu ana ngā inenga ā-arorangi kua mau tonu te ōwehenga papatipu o te proton ki te irahiko i te uara kotahi, e ai ki te Tauira Paerewa, mō te haurua o te tau o te ao nui. He hiko hiko o nga irahiko -1.602 × 10-19 coulombs, e whakamahia ana hei waeine paerewa mo nga matūriki subatomic, ka kiia hoki ko te utu tuatahi. Ko tēnei kawenga taketake he ōwehenga tūtohu kore o 2.2 × 10−8. I roto i nga rohe o te tika whakamātautau, he ōrite te utu o te irahiko ki te utu o te proton, engari he tohu kē. I te mea ka whakamahia te tohu e mo te utu taketake, ka tohuhia te irahiko e te e-, kei reira te tohu whakaheke e tohu ana i te utu kino. Ko te positron e tohuhia ana e + na te mea he rite tonu ona ahuatanga ki te irahiko engari he pai ake te utu kaore i te kino. Ko te irahiko he nekehanga koki o roto, he hurihanga ranei o te 1/2. Ko te tikanga e kīia ana tēnei āhuatanga mā te kōrero ki te irahiko hei wāhanga spin-1/2. Mo aua matūriki ko te rahi hurihanga ko √3/2 ħ. i te mea ko te hua o te inenga o te kaupapa o te hurihanga i runga i tetahi tuaka ka taea anake te ±ħ/2. Hei taapiri ki te hurihuri, he momotuhi a te irahiko i te taha o tana tuaka hurihuri. He rite tonu ki te kotahi Bohr magneton, he mea tino rite ki te 9.27400915 ((23) × 10-24 joules mo te tesla. Ko te aronga o te huringa e pa ana ki te kaha o te hiko e tautuhi ana i te taonga o nga waahanga taketake e mohiotia ana ko te helicity. Kaore he hanganga o te hiko e mohiotia ana, a, e whakaarohia ana he waahanga tohu me te utu tohu me te kore whanui mokowhiti. Ko te take o te radius o te hiko he raru uaua o te ahupūngao ariā hou. Ko te whakaaetanga o te ariā o te hauwhā mutunga...  Pātai: He aha te rerekētanga o te pūngao irahiko me te pūtau?
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