I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 20th, i arotahi te hinengaro haumanu haumanu i runga i te aromatawai hinengaro, ki te iti aro i hoatu ki te maimoatanga. ka puta ke tenei i muri i te 1940s i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i hua i roto i te hiahia mo te nui nui i roto i te maha o nga tohunga haumanu whakangungu. Mai i taua wa, kua whakawhanakehia e toru tauira mātauranga matua i roto i te USA<unk>the Ph.D. Clinical Science tauira (nui arotahi ki runga i te rangahau), te Ph.D. pūtaiao-whakamahere tauira (whakauru rangahau me te mahi), me te Ph.D. pūtaiao-whakamahere tauira (e arotahi ana ki te mahi haumanu). I roto i te UK me te Republic o Ireland, te Doctorate haumanu haumanu Clinical taka i roto i enei tauira matua e rua, i te mea i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 20th, he iti te aro ki te maimoatanga.
Ko te tau 1896