Tirohia te whiti i raro nei, ka whakahoki i te pātai i muri i roto i te reo ano rite te whiti: Passage: Ko te quanta o te āpure Abelian mehua me he massless, bosons uncharged, kia rite ki te kore e pakaru i te symmetry; reira, te photon te matapae ki te kia massless, a ki te whai i te kore utu hiko, me te tau tōpū hurihuri. te puka motuhake o te tauhohenga electromagnetic tohua e te photon me whai hurihuri ±1; na, tona helicity kia pātai: Kia pehea te nui utu hiko i te protons āpure mehua Abelian whai?
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