code> the default behavior is to refit the models
    with ML if fitted with <code>REML = TRUE</code>, this can be controlled via the
    <code>refit</code> argument. See also <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/anova.html" class="external-link">anova</a></code>.</p></dd>

  <dt><code>as.function</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>returns the deviance function, the same as
    <code><a href="lmer.html">lmer</a>(*, devFunOnly=TRUE)</code>, and <code><a href="modular.html">mkLmerDevfun</a>()</code>
    or <code><a href="