m \text{N}(\mu,          \tau_b^2),\\
  \theta_{k,j} &amp;\sim \text{N}(\gamma_k,     \tau_w^2),\\
   y_{k,j}     &amp;\sim \text{N}(\theta_{k,j}, \text{se}_{k,j}).\\
\end{aligned}
</annotation></semantics></math> Where N() denotes a normal distribution
with mean and variance.</p>
<p>Conveniently, and with a bit of algebra, we do not need to estimate
the district-level and true study effects. Instead, we marginalize them
out, and we sample the observed effect sizes from each district
<math display="inline" 