election gives us valuable information to predict `\(\color{#6A5ACD}{Y_i}\)`.
- **Given** that a student attends summer school, what is their GPA?
- **Given** how many people are wearing shorts, will an ice cream truck show up?
- **Given** the size of its police department, how much crime does a city have?

.hi[**Causal inference:**] **Yes.** Want to infer the result of active intervention. Must eliminate selection bias to estimate the treatment effect.
- **If** a student attends summer school, how will the