ognitive diagnostic
models, the general diagnostic model and mixture item response models as
special cases (see Formann &amp; Kohlmann, 1998; Formann, 2007).</p>
<p>The function also allows for regularization of \(\lambda_{xv}\) parameters
using the lasso approach (Sun et al., 2016).
More formally, the penalty function can be written as
$$pen( \bold{\lambda}_x )=p_\lambda \sum_v n_v w_v | \lambda_{xv} | $$
where \(p_\lambda\) can be specified with <code>regular_lam</code>,
\(w_v\) can be specified with <cod