s of population size from the observation model are
available to the manager, so policy change at any time step is driven
primarily by the deviation of the currently estimated population size
from the manager’s target and the actions of farmers in the previous
time step. Hence, when the population size is estimated to be below
(above) the manager’s target, the manager increases (decreases) the cost
of culling and decreases (increases) the cost of scaring. Because the
manager does not know in advance how