abilities allow us to account for information we have about our system of interest. For example, we might expect the probability that it will rain tomorrow (in general) to be smaller than the probability it will rain tomorrow <em>given that it is cloudy today</em>. This latter probability is a conditional probability, since it accounts for relevant information that we possess.</p>
                    <p>Mathematically, computing a conditional probability amounts to shrinking our sample space to a particular