  <p>
      Note: All measurements reflect the time required to prove a trace of <strong>8,000</strong>
      target instructions. Each trace uses an in-VM tail-call loop that includes:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li><code>LDI.W</code>, <code>MVV.W</code>, <code>TAILI</code> (3 boot instructions)</li>
      <li>Per-iteration (15 instructions):
        <ul>
          <li>Helper: <code>LDI.W</code>, <code>XOR</code>, <code>BNZ</code> (3)</li>
          <li>Body: <code>B32_MULI</code>, eight <code>LDI.W</code>, o