encoding="application/x-tex">\text{95% CI } [0.354, 0.879]</annotation></semantics></math>).</p>
</div>
<div class="section level4">
<h4 id="testing-the-presence-of-clustering">Testing the Presence of Clustering<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#testing-the-presence-of-clustering"></a>
</h4>
<p>In the previous analyses, we assumed that the effect sizes are indeed
clustered within the districts, and we only adjusted for the clustering.
However, the effect sizes within the same cluster may not be mo