tIndicators.TYPE_TURN_COORDINATOR);

    // ---------- unit helpers ----------
    const mps_to_km_per_hour = (mps)=> mps * 3.6;   // FIJS airspeed expects km/h
    const mps_to_km_per_min  = (mps)=> mps * 0.06;  // FIJS vertical expects km/min
    const norm360 = (deg)=> ((deg % 360) + 360) % 360;

    // ---------- apply gauges ----------
    function applyG(g) {
      if (!g) return;

      // attitude
      if (Number.isFinite(g.roll_deg))  fiAttitude.updateRoll(g.roll_deg);
      if (Number.isFinite(g.