 two or three phase III trials for a normally distributed outcome — utility23_normal"><meta name="description" content="The utility function calculates the expected utility of our drug development program and is given as gains minus costs and depends on the parameters and the expected probability of a successful program.
The utility is in a further step maximized by the optimal_multitrial_normal() function."><meta property="og:description" content="The utility function calculates the expected utility of o