s. Nevertheless, zero-value submatrices can
cause some calculations to fail and it may be necessary to exclude them.
These issues are flagged with the columns <code>check_zero_F</code>,
<code>check_zero_C</code>, <code>check_zero_U</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section level3">
<h3 id="excessive-survival">Excessive survival<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#excessive-survival"></a>
</h3>
<p>In a biologically reasonable matrix population model, the set of
survival and growth transitions (i.e., in 