Germany playing) which might bias the results.</p>
<p>Determining the representativeness of available data for a larger group of possible observations is usually not something that can be done with absolute certainty. And unless we have access to more data, it is generally also not something that statistical analysis can help with. Considerations of representativeness usually rest on (ideally sound) reasoning.</p>
<p>The Data Generating Process (or DGP for short) is a concept we will encounter repeatedly th