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David,

Allow me to diagram some of these forms of arguments, so that everybody can
plainly see some of the reasons why Peirce says a few of the things he does.

Abduction to a Case:

    M is, for instance, P^1, P^2, P^3, and P^4;
    S is P^1, P^2, P^3, and P^4:
    Therefore S is M.
   
    Here the first premiss amounts to this,
    that "P^1, P^2, P^3, and P^4" is a likeness of M,
    and thus the premisses are or represent a likeness
   