l <span class="math inline">\((c, c + 2\pi)\)</span> of length <span class="math inline">\(2 \pi\)</span>, because <span class="math display">\[ \int_{c}^{c +
2\pi} \text{VonMises}(y|\mu,\kappa) dy = 1. \]</span> Similarly, if <span class="math inline">\(\mu\)</span> is
a parameter, it will typically be restricted to the same range as <span class="math inline">\(y\)</span>.</p>
<p>If <span class="math inline">\(\kappa &gt; 0\)</span>, a von Mises distribution with its <span class="math inline">\(2 \pi\)</sp