hings:
* Where do the values of `\(Y\)` come from?
* How does `\(Y\)` relate to other variables?

The **data generating process** (DGP) in the real world determines the values of `\(Y\)`.
* The true DGP is unknowable, a black box:

&lt;img src="img/black-box-general.png" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /&gt;

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# The Data Generating Process

&lt;img src="img/black-box-general.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /&gt;

We could write this picture as a function:

$$ Y =