n>
    <span class="n">pair_counts_permuted_stds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair_counts_null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
    
    <span class="n">z_scores</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair_counts</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">p