d add the gory detail.)

Setting aside the question about multiple givers, givens, and receivers
(not to mention temporality -- can't there be multiple givings involving
the same three individuals?):

(forall (?e ?x ?y)
        (=&gt; (giving ?e)
            (=&gt; (or (and (giver ?e ?x)
                         (giver ?e ?y))
                    (and (receiver ?e ?x)
                         (receiver ?e ?y))
                    (and (given ?e ?x)
                         (given ?e ?y)))
                (=