th/MathML"><semantics><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\tau_{b}</annotation></semantics></math>
(as between). Furthermore, we assume that the true effects
<math display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><msub><mi>θ</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\theta_{k,j}</annotation></semantics></math>
of each study
<math display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><sema