rface in jakarta.enterprise.inject">programmatic lookup</a> is called a 
 contextual reference. A contextual reference for a bean with a normal 
 scope refers to the current instance of the bean. A contextual 
 reference for a bean are valid only for a certain period of time. The 
 application should not invoke a method of an invalid reference.</p>
 
 <p>The validity of a contextual reference for a bean depends upon 
 whether the scope of the bean is a normal scope or a pseudo-scope:</p>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Any re