n of passing scalar arguments by reference.
    </p>

    <p>
      VAX FORTRAN, and the GFORTRAN compiler provide a function
      <b>%VAL(variable)</b> which essentially instructs the compiler to
      use call-by-value instead of call-by-reference for the indicated
      argument.  In other words, a FORTRAN program might call a C function
      with the statement
      <blockquote><b>
        kronrod ( %val ( n ), %val ( eps ), x, w )
      </b></blockquote>
      where <b>n</b> and <b>eps</b> are scalar