ing the repeated calls to <code>strlen</code>, the extra check for UTF-8 validity and buffering for the same via this <a href="https://github.com/wch/r-source/commit/4931902af83938a21f4d3f8fa0fce81ad062f2c1">commit</a>, <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/substr.html">substring()</a></code> now shows linear time complexity.</p>
<p>The HTML pages which provide ready reference for the aforementioned issues can be found below. (source for extracting information on the topic)</p>
</div>
<div id="references" c