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Figure 1.5: London tube map. Source: <a href="https://tfl.gov.uk/maps/track/tube">TfL</a>
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<p>Statistical models are a bit like the London tube map: their usefulness will depend on your goals. In order to derive properties of various statistical analyses and tests, we have to assume that a model is true (in the sense that it truly reflects the DGP distribution). While this assumption is inherently uncertain, the derived properties may hold, at least approximately, as long is the mod