lipse cycle, and five planets aligned in the same direction in the sky. He placed the t&#224;ij&#237; sh&#224;ngyu&#225;n 143,127 years before the winter solstice in 105 BCE.</p><p>It is well known that astronomy and astrology were not separated in the ancient time. What was special about the ancient Chinese astronomy was that it was also closely related to politics. The doctrine of the <i>mandate of heaven</i> was used to justify the legitimacy of a ruler. According to this belief, heaven, which embodies t