pdf/1509.01549.pdf">Giraffe (Lai, 2015)</a>, which uses a form of reinforcement learning called <em>TDLeaf(λ)</em>, used in the <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/9901002.pdf">KnightCap engine (Baxter, Tridgell &amp; Weaver, 1999)</a> and based on <a href="http://incompleteideas.net/papers/sutton-88-with-erratum.pdf">TD(λ) (Sutton, 1988)</a>.</p>
        <p>Algorithms like TDLeaf(λ) are used because attributing rewards to individual actions in a game like chess is a difficult proposition. The game result,