voke a method of an invalid reference.</p>
 
 <p>The validity of a contextual reference for a bean depends upon 
 whether the scope of the bean is a normal scope or a pseudo-scope:</p>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Any reference to a bean with a normal scope is valid as long as 
 the application maintains a hard reference to it. However, it may 
 only be invoked when the context associated with the normal scope is 
 active. If it is invoked when the context is inactive, a 
 <a href="../../../jakarta/enterprise/context/Conte