to compute gradient</p></li>
<li><p>REINFORCE algorithm - could approximate gradient at <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\theta\)</span> by just sampling at <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\theta\)</span>: <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\nabla_\theta p(\theta) \approx \frac{1}{N} \sum_{j=1}^N \frac{(\nabla_\theta \pi_\theta (s, a_j)) R_j (s)}{\pi_\theta (s, a_j)}\)</span></p></li>
<li><p>PEGASUS - <em>correlated sampling</em> - ex. 2 blackjack programs would both be de