\alpha_{\mathrm  raw})\)</span> to <span class="math inline">\((L + \alpha_{\mathrm raw}, \alpha_{\mathrm raw}\)</span> produces
a Jacobian derivative matrix with a unit determinant.</p>
<p>It’s also possible implement the transform by directly transforming
an unconstrained parameter and accounting for the Jacobian.</p>
<pre><code>data {
  int N;
  vector[N] L;  // lower bounds
  ...
parameters {
  vector[N] alpha_raw;
  ...
transformed parameters {
  vector[N] alpha = L + exp(alpha_raw);
  ...
model {
  