s="r-in"><span><span class="va">Sigma</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/outer.html" class="external-link">outer</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">Vmat</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="op">-</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">]</span>, <span class="va">Vmat</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="op">-</span><span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">]</span>,