 form a new one (that executes both operations in the reverse order) and an identity instance, that when combined with any other <code>AfterReducer</code> changes nothing in the result, acting as a neutral element in composition. The identity of an <code>AfterReducer</code> is the static instance <code>doNothing()</code>, that contains an empty closure for no-op. The combination between two <code>AfterReducer</code> instances occur in reverse order so the first middleware will have its “after reducer” c