/a>
</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co"># in base R:</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html" class="external-link">ifelse</a></span><span class="op">(</span> <span class="co"># repetitive, and gives unnecessary warning</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ob