 are only ever evaluated once.<a href="#fn11" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref11"><sup>11</sup></a></p>
<p>Transformed parameters work the same way, being defined in terms of
the parameters, transformed data, and data variables. The difference
is the frequency of evaluation. Parameters are read in and (inverse)
transformed to constrained representations on their natural scales
once per log probability and gradient evaluation. This means the
inverse transforms and their log absolute Jacobian determinants are
e