n \end{array}\right)_{t=x}
\bigg\}
$$
So far, however, we have not described the way in which the effects of these
gene-drives are included into the mosquito populations dynamics. This is done
through the use of various modifiers included in the equations:</p><ul><li><p>\(\overline{\omega}\): Relative increase in mortality (zero being full mortality effects and one no mortality effect)</p></li>
<li><p>\(\overline{\phi}\): Relative shift in the sex of the pupating mosquitoes (zero biases the sex ratio toward