 are monotonically true are held to be true in every case, that is, for every possible set of bindings to the universally quantified variables (if any) in the assertion, and cannot be overridden. In the case of a monotonically true assertion with universally quantified variables in its sentence, if an object is found for which the assertion is not true, an error is signalled. In the case of a ground assertion that is monotonically true, if the negation of that sentence is ever asserted or arrived at during 