m > 0 \)</label></li>
                <li><label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="1"> b) \( \nabla^2 f(x) \preceq mI_{d \times d} \), for all \( x \in \mathbb{R}^d \) and some \( m > 0 \)</label></li>
                <li><label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="2"> c) \( \nabla^2 f(x) \succeq -mI_{d \times d} \), for all \( x \in \mathbb{R}^d \) and some \( m > 0 \)</label></li>
                <li><label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="3"> d) \( \nabla^2 f(x) \preceq -mI_{d \times d} \), for al