thout structure</strong>: In the most simple case and assuming bi-allelic SNPs, each SNP is simulated from a binomial distribution with two trials and probability equal to the given allele frequencies. This simple approach does not simulate any dependency between the genotypes as is observed with LD structure in the genome. Simple bi-allelic SNPs can be simulated with PhenotypeSimulator::simulateGenotypes or via PLINK <span class="citation">[1]</span>. For large datasets (~ 1million SNPs), simulation via PL