h3>
<p>The amount by which autocorrelation within the chains increases
uncertainty in estimates can be measured by effective sample size (ESS).
Given independent samples, the central limit theorem
bounds uncertainty in estimates based on the number of samples <span class="math inline">\(N\)</span>.
Given dependent samples, the number of independent samples is replaced
with the effective sample size <span class="math inline">\(N_{\mathrm{eff}}\)</span>, which is
the number of independent samples with the sam