 theories based on other approaches.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; The authors criticize the logic-based, model-theoretic approaches for
&gt; &gt; their limited ontologies and neglect of important aspects of language,
&gt; &gt; such as metaphor.  Yet logicians recognize the need for richer ontologies,
&gt; &gt; and many, if not most would agree that semantics is the proper starting point
&gt; &gt; for a study of natural language.  The authors try to draw a sharp distinction
&gt; &gt; between the deductive methods of 