al constraints, such as the minimum bin size and the maximum number of bins. This step enables us to obtain a more interpretable model with simpler and easier-to-understand shape functions.</p>
<p><strong>Stage 3: Refit the GAM with Optimized Bins.</strong> The final step involves refitting the GAM with the optimized bins. We provide two options for this step:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>GLM with one-hot encoding: Firstly, we transform each feature using one-hot encoding based on the binning results. Nex