counter crashes or corruption from concurrent access. However, if your program logic allows multiple threads to read and write the same variable or data structure, you may see <em>logical</em> race conditions (unexpected values, overwrites, etc.). This is a design consideration, not a stability issue. Minimize shared mutable state between threads unless intentional.</p>
<p><strong>Only <code>$thread()</code> objects provide explicit locking and unlocking via <code>lock()</code>, <code>unlock()</code>, and <