h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>lottery</strong> - any function of a random variable</p></li>
<li><p><strong>utility function</strong> - lottery that satisfiers certain properties (e.g. transitivity)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>expected utility = <em>von Neumann-Morgenstern</em> utility</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>goal: maximize utility by taking actions (focus on single actions)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>utility function U(s) gives utility of a state</p></li>
<li><p>actions are probabilistic: <span class="math notranslat