ers-guide/posterior-predictive-checks.html#mixed-replication">mixed replication in posterior predictive checking</a>, where there is a choice to simulate new elements of existing groups or generate entirely new groups.</p>
<p>Education testing applications are typically grouped by school district, by school, by classroom, and by demographic features of the individual students or the school as a whole. Depending on the variables of interest, different structured subsets should be evaluated. For example, the 