se historical developments,
it is important to realize that besides the new theoretical
explanation about the nature of heat, all of the other data that
led to the new theoretical generalizations was derived
experimentally. This can be illustrated by an observation made by
Sadi Carnot in his extensive work regarding the behavior of heat
in machines. He states that &quot;in all cases in which work is
produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is consumed
that is proportional to the work done;