tmle.html">tmle</a></code> method, the OSTMLE uses a LASSO or Ridge Regression model in the targeting step to fluctuate the initial estimates. Details can be found in Cai and van der Laan (2020).</p>
<p>As has been shown in multiple studies by Mark J. van der Laan and colleagues, this method has some desirable mathematical properties and generally performs well in appropriate scenarios. The biggest problem is however, that it is only defined for discrete (integer-valued) survival times. Simply discretizing 