machine as large scale motion was
still present as heat in the small scale motion of the molecules
in the material the machine was made of. He suggested from this
that both the heat and work must be considered energy, and that
it was the total that was <b>conserved</b>, rather than the heat
or work separately.</font></p>

<p><font size="3">By 1850, Rudolf Clausius was able to synthesize
the work of Helmholtz, James Joule, Sadi Carnot and others to
express a generalized statement that has become kno