ds for simultaneous inference on both spatial trend and variogram functions (for spatial processes). Nonparametric residual kriging (spatial prediction). For details on these methods see, for example, Fernandez-Casal and Francisco-Fernandez (2014) &lt;doi:10.1007/s00477-013-0817-8&gt; or Castillo-Paez et al. (2019) &lt;doi:10.1016/j.csda.2019.01.017&gt;.">
<!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv