ormula = 'y ~ x'</span>
<span class="r-plt img"><img src="fd_mfdfa-3.png" alt="" width="700" height="433"></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ~~~o~~o~~casnet~~o~~o~~~</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>  Multifractal Detrended FLuctuation Analysis </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r