ection level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">19.1.1</span> Probability Density Function</h3>
<p>If <span class="math inline">\(\mu \in \mathbb{R}\)</span> and <span class="math inline">\(\kappa \in \mathbb{R}^+\)</span>, then for <span class="math inline">\(y \in \mathbb{R}\)</span>, <span class="math display">\[ \text{VonMises}(y|\mu,\kappa) =
\frac{\exp(\kappa\cos(y-\mu))}{2\pi I_0(\kappa)} \!. \]</span> In order for this density to properly normalize, <span class="math inline">\(y\)</span> mus