right;">3908.956</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">0.7964115</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">0</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">998</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<p>Neither Booker’s nor Ava’s models can resolve the dispute between them. Data can’t speak for themselves about the direction of influence. Model-building methods (with a large enough sample size) are helpful in showing whether there is a connection. For instance, either Booker’s 