pan><span class="co"># bounds on the strength of confounders 1, 2, or 3 times as strong as female</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># and 1,2, or 3 times as strong as pastvoted</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">ovb_bounds</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">model</span>, treatment <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"directlyharmed"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>          benchmark_covariates <span class="op">=</sp