
</ul>
The corresponding <i>R</i>, <i>S</i> are
<p>
<img align=bottom src="../equations/RSstraight.gif">
<p>
A rotation of the element about the <i>S</i>-axis has no effect
on <i>R</i> and <i>S</i>, since the rotations of the reference system 
before and after the element cancel.
<center>
<img align=bottom src="../figures/ref_straight.gif">
<p>
<b>Figure 1:</b> Reference System for Straight Beam Elements
</center>

<h2><a name=rbend>Reference System for Bending Magnets</a></h2>
<a href="bend.html">Bending m