s="toc-action"><i class="bi empty"></i>Report an issue</a></li></ul></div></nav>
    </div>
<!-- main -->
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">

<div>
This is an old version, <a href="https://mc-stan.org/docs/stan-users-guide/bootstrap.html">view current version</a>.
</div>




<section id="the-bootstrap-and-bagging" class="level1">
<h1>The Bootstrap and Bagging</h1>
<p>The bootstrap is a technique for approximately sampling from the error distribution for an estimator. Thus it can be used as 