gnizing the conditional truth of the conclusions derived from each hypothesis. Ideally, when faced with contradictory conclusions conditioned on different hypotheses, the statistical thinker can use a clever choice of covariates or an experiment (Lesson <a href="L26-Experiment.html" class="quarto-xref"><span>26</span></a>) to resolve the issue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<section id="pathways" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="pathways">Pathways</h2>
<p>A DAG is a network. In a complicated roadway