t an individual ant is powerless to move from X to Y or vice versa.</p>
<p>A particular property of <em>ants</em> is that we don’t usually consider them individuals but a collective, a colony. When we see ants in two different places, we suspect that those two places are connected by some ant pathway, even if we can’t figure out whether the ants originated in one of the places or the other.</p>
<p>In the <span class="math inline">\(Y \leftarrow C \rightarrow X\)</span> network, an ant colony at C can ge