ass="st">"G_d"</span>, rate <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">0.2</span>,</span>
<span>    start <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"2017-01-01"</span>, end <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"2020-10-01"</span>,</span>
<span>    desc <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"permanent increase in government expenditures"</span></span>
<span>  <span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Once the shock has been defined, it can be incorporated into a new scenario using <c