an>   <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/cor.html" class="external-link">cov2cor</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">dat</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">XtX</span><span class="op">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Then we compute the <em>z</em>-scores:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span class="va">zhat</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">ss</span><