"unnumbered" number="">Inference under Label Switching</h3>
<p>In cases where the mixture components are not identifiable, it can be
difficult to diagnose convergence of sampling or optimization
algorithms because the labels will switch, or be permuted, in
different MCMC chains or different optimization runs. Luckily,
posterior inferences which do not refer to specific component labels
are invariant under label switching and may be used directly. This
subsection considers a pair of examples.</p>
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