lematic</h4>
<p>Because of the way Stan defines its transforms from the constrained to the unconstrained space, initializing parameters on the boundaries of their constraints is usually problematic. For instance, with a constraint</p>
<pre class="stan"><code>parameters {
  real&lt;lower=0,upper=1&gt; theta;
  // ...
}</code></pre>
<p>an initial value of 0 for <code>theta</code> leads to an unconstrained value of <span class="math inline">\(-\infty\)</span>, whereas a value of 1 leads to an unconstrained val