tly associated; otherwise, throws <CODE>std::ios_base::failure</CODE>. The second parameter determines the size of any buffers that need to be allocated; a value of zero indicates that i/o should be unbuffered. The third parameter determines the size of the putback buffer; it is relevant only if <CODE>Mode</CODE> is a refinement of <A HREF="modes.html#input"><CODE>input</CODE></A>.
</P>

<A NAME="stream_forwarding_open"></A>
<PRE>    <SPAN CLASS="keyword">template</SPAN>&lt;<SPAN CLASS="keyword">typename</S