live”
messages, with each containing the <strong>public key infrastructure (PKI)</strong> ID and the
signature of the sender over the message. Peers maintain channel membership by collecting
these alive messages; if no peer receives an alive message from a specific peer,
this “dead” peer is eventually purged from channel membership. Because “alive”
messages are cryptographically signed, malicious peers can never impersonate
other peers, as they lack a signing key authorized by a root certificate
a