e><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/det.html" class="external-link">det()</a></code> or <code><a href="tr.html">tr()</a></code> to calculate a measure of “size”, as in</p><div class="sourceCode"><pre><code><span></span>
<span>  <span class="va">H</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/lapply.html" class="external-link">sapply</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">H</span>, <span class="va">FUN</s