link">runif</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">N</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">&lt;</span> <span class="va">p1</span> <span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="op">}</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co">#*** Model 1: Joint mu.i parameter for all items</span></span>
<span><span class="va">est.mu.i</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html" class="external-link">rep</a></span><span class="op">(</sp