(kinetic energy) generated randomly. The potential energy at
work on the particle is taken to be the negative log (unnormalized) total
probability function defined by the model. In the usual approach to
implementing HMC, the Hamiltonian dynamics of the particle is
simulated using the leapfrog integrator, which discretizes the smooth
path of the particle into a number of small time steps called leapfrog
steps.</p>
<div id="leapfrog-steps" class="section level3 unnumbered">
<h3>Leapfrog steps</h3>
<p>For each