ourse, and searching for information all take place through the web.</p>
<p>Despite the crucial importance of the web, it has been designed in a fashion that historically has not respected users&#39; privacy. Advertising companies have taken advantage of this design to collect tremendous amounts of private data, using it to show ads targeted to specific groups of consumers. Governments have also seized the opportunity to surveill people en masse without their knowledge.</p>
<p>Why are these privacy violatio