to
    wrangle multiple data formats to get large patent databases in tidy,
    rectangular format. Data details can be found on the USPTO website
    &lt;https://bulkdata.uspto.gov/&gt;. Currently, all 3 formats: 1. TXT data
    (1976-2001); 2. XML format 1 data (2002-2004); and 3. XML format 2 data
    (2005-current) can be converted to rectangular, CSV format.
    Relevant literature that uses data from USPTO includes Wada (2020)
    &lt;doi:10.1007/s11192-020-03674-4&gt; and Plaza &amp; Albert (2008)
  