trong><code>N.hr.cov</code></strong>/<strong><code>V.hr.cov</code></strong>/<strong><code>G.hr.cov</code></strong>
are calculated with expanding the scale component of the function with
<span class="math inline">\(dbh\)</span> as covariate.</p>
<p>The other approach corrects shadowing effects. Tthis method
calculates an expansion factor to correct the variables. The expansion
factor is based on the percentage of the shaded area i.e., unsample area
which is not seen from the TLS device due to masking by tree