</em><sub><em>i</em>, <em>j</em></sub> where</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em>y</em><sub><em>i</em>, <em>j</em></sub> is the observed dyadic variable being modeled and <em>x</em><sub><em>i</em>, <em>j</em></sub> is an observed vector of regressors;</p></li>
<li><p><em>a</em><sub><em>i</em></sub> + <em>b</em><sub><em>j</em></sub> + <em>ϵ</em><sub><em>i</em>, <em>j</em></sub> is an additive random effects term that describes sender and receiver variance (such as outdegree and indegree heterogeneity) and d