is done by sampling a large number of points from the null parameter space \(\Theta_0\),
then computing multinomial probabilities under those values for the range of the sample space
where the statistic is as or more extreme than the observed statistic given data. It
is basically the definition of a p-value implemented with Monte Carlo methods. Some
options for speeding up the calculation are available.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="section level2">
    <h2 id="specifying-the-function-tau-cdot-">Specifying