ass="op">(</span><span class="st">'train.csv'</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">ID_code</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span></span>
<span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">target</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/character.html" class="external-link">as.character</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df