ange.md">Merkle Mountain Range</a> (MMR). A MMR differs from a Merkle tree in that it is append-only. While Merkle trees support element updates and insertions at arbitrary list positions, MMRs only allow new elements to be added to the end of the list.</p>
        <p>The append-only restriction may appear burdensome, but it turns out updates can still be simulated through re-appending data (as in <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.05262">QMDB</a>). What this restriction yields, however, is extreme perform