 between the two nodes.</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(Y \leftarrow C \rightarrow X\)</span> is a correlating pathway between X and Y. So is <span class="math inline">\(Y \leftarrow C \leftarrow X\)</span>. But <span class="math inline">\(Y \leftarrow C \leftarrow X\)</span> is also a <strong>causal pathway</strong>. When an individual ant can travel from X to Y, we have a causal pathway. But we have a <em>correlating pathway</em> when ants from the same colony can appear at X and Y. Every causal pathwa