e></div>

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<div id="scoring-rules" class="section level2">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#scoring-rules" class="anchor"></a>Scoring Rules</h2>
<p>We present here a short introduction into proper scoring rules. Let <span class="math inline">\(Y_{ij}\)</span> denote a categorical outcome taking values in the set <span class="math inline">\(\{0, 1, \ldots, K\}\)</span> for sample unit <span class="math inline">\(i\)</span> in cluster/group <span class="math inline">\(j\)</span>; <span cl