/td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Each arrest has two potential outcomes—one if the driver is wearing a mask and one if they are not—because we are considering how the treatment variable mask could causally affect the likelihood of arrest. </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> introduction-11 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> question </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> For a single driver, the treatment variable mask can take on two values: 1 if the driver is wearing a