 network like the street grid in a city or the highway system, there is usually more than one way to get from an origin to a destination. In the language of DAGs, we use the word “<strong>pathway</strong>” to describe a particular route between the origin and destination. Even a simple DAG, like that in <a href="#fig-drug-mortality-dag" class="quarto-xref">Figure&nbsp;<span>24.1</span></a>, can have multiple pathways, like the two we identified in the previous section between <code>drug</code> and <code