ass="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">effectt</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="st">"p{Y(X=1)=1}-p{Y(X=0)=1}"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">causalproblemcheck</span><span class="op">(</span>digraph <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">b</span>, query <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">effectt</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] TRUE</span>
<s