$
        ${Country}(c) \land {Border}(c,{Iraq}) \land {Border}(c,{Pakistan})$.<br />

    2.  ${\exists\,c\;\;}$
        ${Country}(c) {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}[{Border}(c,{Iraq}) \land {Border}(c,{Pakistan})]$.<br />

    3.  $[{\exists\,c\;\;}$
        ${Country}(c)] {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}[{Border}(c,{Iraq}) \land {Border}(c,{Pakistan})]$.<br />

    4.  ${\exists\,c\;\;}$
        ${Border}({Country}(c),{Iraq} \land {Pakistan})$.<br />

3.  All countries that border Ecuador are in South America.<br />

  