oth the level-1 and marginal residuals divided by the estimated standard error and excludes the least squares residuals.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/hlm_resid.default.html">hlm_resid</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">fm1</span>, standardize <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, include.ls <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</s