></li>
<li><p><code>include.ls</code> - a logical indicating if LS residuals should be returned. By default, <code>include.ls = TRUE</code>. The LS method of estimating residuals is more computationally intensive than the EB method. Consequently, setting <code>include.ls = FALSE</code> substantially decreases the runtime on models with many observations.</p></li>
<li><p><code>data</code> - only necessary if <code>na.action = na.exclude</code> for a <code>lmerMod</code> model object. <code>data</code> should