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<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#hlm_resid-function" class="anchor"></a>hlm_resid() function</h2>
<p>The function <code><a href="../reference/hlm_resid.default.html">hlm_resid()</a></code> takes a hierarchical linear model fit as a <code>lmerMod</code> or <code>lme</code> object and extracts residuals and predicted values from the model using both Least Squares (LS) and Empirical Bayes (EB) methods in estimating parameters. Whereas the old function, <code><a href="../reference/HLMdiag-de