r random effects would also be included in the output. Again, the EB random effects are simply named <code>.ranef</code> because it is assumed that the analyst is most familiar with this type of random effect The parameters <code>standardize</code> and <code>include.ls</code> work the same way with higher-level residuals and with both <code>lmerMod</code> and <code>lme</code> objects. Setting <code>include.ls = FALSE</code> is often recommended with higher-level residuals, as calculating LS residuals is com