es to a model’s data frame in the form of a tibble. Tibbles help the analyst diagnose models by simplifying the creation of diagnostic plots, especially within <code>ggplot2</code>, and working seamlessly with sorting functions in <code>dplyr</code>.</p>
<p>For information about influence diagnostics such as Cook’s distance and leverage in HLMs, the reader should see the vignette for <code><a href="../reference/hlm_influence.default.html">hlm_influence()</a></code>.</p>
<div id="hlm_resid-function" clas