es the prefix “un-”, the root “happy”, and the suffix “-ness”, along with the rules that combine them.</p>
</section>
<section id="phonological-rule-application" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="phonological-rule-application">2. Phonological Rule Application</h3>
<p>Parsing can reveal how phonological rules apply to derive surface forms from underlying representations.</p>
<p>For instance, parsing the word “cats” (/kæts/) might show how the plural morpheme /-z/ undergoes