check if these are present,
open a command shell<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1"><sup>1</sup></a>
and type:</p>
<pre><code>g++ --version
mingw32-make --version</code></pre>
<p>We recommend using the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/Rtools/rtools40.html">RTools 4.0</a> toolchain
which contains a <code>g++ 8</code> compiler and <code>mingw32-make</code>, the native Windows equivalent of the GNU Make utility.
RTools provides an
<a href="https://github.com/r-windows/rtools-installe