funct.html">HLMresid()</a></code>, would return a vector with a single type of residual, <code><a href="../reference/hlm_resid.default.html">hlm_resid()</a></code> appends specified residuals to the data frame of the model in the form of a tibble. The use of a tibble allows the analyst to easily plot residuals against explanatory variables and identify possible outliers or model deficiencies. The function draws heavy inspiration from the <code>augment</code> function of the <code>broom</code> package, howev