iduals"</span>, 
       title <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"LS residuals against LS fitted values"</span><span class="op">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>The LS level-1 residuals give no indication that the model violates any assumptions of an HLM. Because there are no glaring issues, we move on to the higher-level residuals, again plotting the output of <code><a href="../reference/hlm_resid.default.html">hlm_resid()</a></code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="downlit sourceCo