trictly speaking there are some situations where the client can start sending application data even earlier (using the TLSv1.3 &quot;early data&quot; capability) - but we&#39;re going to skip over that for this basic introduction.</p>

<p>During application data transfer the client and server can read and write data to the connection freely. The details of this are typically left to some higher level application protocol (for example HTTP). Not all information exchanged during this phase is application data