stage</p></li>
<li><p>mixture</p></li>
<li><p>predictive</p></li>
<li><p>normalized maximum likelihood (NML)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Minimum_description_length">mdl intro</a> (Rissanen, 2008) - scholarpedia</p>
<ul>
<li><p>coding just the data would be like maximum likelihood</p></li>
<li><p>minimize <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\underset{\text{log-likelihood}}{-\log P(y^n|x^n;\theta)} + \underset{\text{d