if none of the two trials are successful, then no third trial is performed and the drug development development program is not successful.
In the utility function, this will lead to a utility of -9999.

"><meta property="og:description" content="The function EPsProg23_normal() calculates the expected probability of a successful program
with a normally distributed outcome. This function follows a special decision rule in order to determine
whether two or three phase III trials should be conducted. First, two