a array with X, Y, Z in rows and observations in columns.</span>

<span class="sd">        xyz : array of ints</span>
<span class="sd">            XYZ identifier array of shape (dim,).</span>

<span class="sd">        value : number</span>
<span class="sd">            Value of test statistic for original (unshuffled) estimate.</span>

<span class="sd">        Returns</span>
<span class="sd">        -------</span>
<span class="sd">        pval : float</span>
<span class="sd">            p-value.</span>
<span