lumn to unit length, giving <code>Z</code> as
an <strong>orthonormal</strong> matrix, such that
<math display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>‚Ä≤</mi><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>I</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Z' Z = I</annotation></semantics></math>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">Z</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">Z</span