tions <span class="citation" data-cites="pmlr-v123-herrmann20a">(Herrmann 2020)</span>, which sound like filtered noise with dynamic spectral envelopes. Given our choice of the last layer of YAMNet, we find, like Herrmann, that the dynamic aspect of these envelopes resembles the rhythmic elements of the input sound. Visually, the spectrogram of the gradients looks like the inverted image of the spectrogram of the original sound, see Figure <a href="#fig:melspecs" data-reference-type="ref" data-reference="fi