as a powerful</span>
<span class="sd">    technique in natural language processing (NLP). The effectiveness of</span>
<span class="sd">    transfer learning has given rise to a diversity of approaches, methodology,</span>
<span class="sd">    and practice. In this paper, we explore the landscape of transfer learning</span>
<span class="sd">    techniques for NLP by introducing a unified framework that converts all</span>
<span class="sd">    text-based language problems into a text-to-text format. Our syste