ovides a user-friendly interface for defining and handling state-space models. Inference is based on maximum likelihood estimation, with derivatives efficiently computed through automatic differentiation enabled by the TMB/RTMB packages (Kristensen et al., 2016) &lt;doi:10.18637/jss.v070.i05&gt;. The available inference methods include Kalman filters, in addition to a Laplace approximation-based smoothing method. For further details of these methods refer to the documentation of the CTSMR package &lt;https: