">3</span><span class="op">]</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">X</span><span class="op">[</span>,<span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">2</span><span class="op">]</span><span class="op">)</span>, type<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"response"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">z4</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/residuals.html" class="external-link">residuals</a></span><span