  1.  ${\forall\,c\;\;}  Country(c) \land {Border}(c,{Ecuador}) {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}{In}(c,{SouthAmerica})$.<br />

    2.  ${\forall\,c\;\;}  {Country}(c) {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}[{Border}(c,{Ecuador}) {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}{In}(c,{SouthAmerica})]$.<br />

    3.  ${\forall\,c\;\;}  [{Country}(c) {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}{Border}(c,{Ecuador})] {\:\;{\Rightarrow}\:\;}{In}(c,{SouthAmerica})$.<br />

    4.  ${\forall\,c\;\;}  Country(c) \land {Border}(c,{Ecuador}) \land {In}(c,{SouthAmerica})$.<br />

4.  N