><a href="#cb26-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># base</span></span>
<span id="cb26-4"><a href="#cb26-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">toupper</span>(dog)</span>
<span id="cb26-5"><a href="#cb26-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] &quot;THE QUICK BROWN DOG&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb26-6"><a href="#cb26-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">tolower</span>(dog)</span>
<span id="cb26-7"><a href="#cb26-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] &quot;the quick brown dog&quot;</