sentence1: studies have shown that the three most important , largely independent , dimensions of word meaning are valence ( positiveness ¨c negativeness / pleasure ¨c displeasure ) , arousal ( active ¨c passive ) , and dominance ( dominant ¨c submissive ) ( cite-p-19-3-15 , cite-p-19-3-19 , cite-p-19-3-20 ) .
sentence2: cite-p-19-3-19 , cite-p-19-3-20 showed through similar analyses of emotion words that the three primary independent dimensions of emotions are valence or pleasure ( positiveness¨c negativeness/pleasure¨cdispleasure ) , arousal ( active¨cpassive ) , and dominance ( dominant¨c submissive ) .