Ürümqi
Republican era

After the collapse of the Qing dynasty, Xinjiang was ruled from Ürümqi by a succession of warlords: Yang Zengxin (1911–1928), Jin Shuren (1928–1933), Sheng Shicai (1933–1942), and Zhang Zhizhong (1942–1949) as governor of Xinjiang. Of these, Yang and Sheng were considered capable rulers.

During the Kumul Rebellion, the Battle of Ürümqi (1933) and the Battle of Ürümqi (1933–34) took place between the forces of Ma Zhongying 's 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) and Jin Shuren and Sheng Shicai 's provincial forces. At the second battle, Ma was assisted by the Han Chinese General Zhang Peiyuan.
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