Significant figures
Arithmetic

Significant figures in measured quantities are most important in the determination of significant figures in calculated quantities with them. A mathematical or physical constant (e.g., π in the formula for the area of a circle with radius r as π r 2) has no effect on the determination of the significant figures in the result of a calculation with it if its known digits are equal to or more than the significant figures in the measured quantities used in the calculation. An exact number such as 1 / 2 in the formula for the kinetic energy of a mass m with velocity v as 1 / 2 mv 2 has no bearing on the significant figures in the calculated kinetic energy since its number of significant figures is infinite (0.500000...).
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