Al-Fatiha
Recitation of Al-Fātiḥah in Prayer in Prayer

The majority of jurists, including al-Shāfiʿī, Mālik, and Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, hold that: “Reciting Al-Fātiḥah is obligatory (wājib) in prayer; if one omits it intentionally while being able to recite it, his prayer is invalid.” They base their view on several prophetic traditions, including: The ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah (RA) in which the Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever performs a prayer without reciting the Opening of the Book (Umm al-Qurʾān), his prayer is incomplete, his prayer is incomplete, his prayer is incomplete.” Also, the narration of ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit (RA), who reported the Prophet ﷺ saying: “There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book (Al-Fātiḥah).” In contrast, the Ḥanafī school, along with Sufyān al-Thawrī and al-Awzāʿī, maintained: “Reciting Al-Fātiḥah is not strictly required; reciting any portion of the Qur’an suffices, though leaving Al-Fātiḥah is blameworthy (makrūh). The prayer is still valid.” They support their position with the narration of Abū Hurayrah (RA), where the Prophet ﷺ instructed the man who prayed poorly: “When you stand for prayer, say takbīr, then recite whatever is easy for you from the Qur’an.”
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