Tigris
Etymology

The Ancient Greek form Tigris (Τίγρις) is an alternative form of Tígrēs (Τίγρης), which was adapted from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā), itself from Elamite Tigra, itself from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idigna or Idigina, probably derived from *id (i)gina "running water"). The Sumerian term, which can be interpreted as "the swift river", contrasts the Tigris to its neighbour, the Euphrates, whose leisurely pace caused it to deposit more silt and build up a higher bed than the Tigris. The Sumerian form was borrowed into Akkadian as Idiqlat and from there into the other Semitic languages (compare Hebrew: חִדֶּקֶל, romanized: Ḥîddéqel; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דיגלת, דיקגלת, romanized: diqlāṯ or diglāṯ; Classical Syriac: ܕܩܠܬ, romanized: Deqlāṯ, Arabic: دِجلَة, romanized: Dijlah).

Another name for the Tigris used in Middle Persian was Arvand Rud, literally "swift river". Today, however, Arvand Rud (Persian: اروندرود) refers to the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, known in Arabic as the Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab. In Kurdish languages, it is known as Ava Mezin, "the Great Water".

The name of the Tigris in languages that have been important in the region:
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