Natural law
Aristotle

Greek philosophy emphasized the distinction between "nature" (physis, φúσις) and "law", "custom", or " convention " (nomos, νóμος). What the law commanded is expected to vary from place to place, but what is "by nature" should be the same everywhere. A "law of nature" therefore has the flavor more of a paradox than something that obviously existed. Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right (dikaion physikon, δίκαιον φυσικόν, Latin ius naturale). Of these, Aristotle is often said to be the father of natural law.
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