Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights
"War or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation"

Additionally, in cases like Ireland v. the United Kingdom (1978), the Court held that the situation of terrorism in Northern Ireland constituted a public emergency threatening the life of the nation, justifying derogations from certain Convention rights. Similarly, in Aksoy v. Turkey (1996), the Court recognized the PKK terrorist activity in South-East Turkey as meeting the threshold of a public emergency. Moreover, the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks in the United States, as seen in A. and Others v. the United Kingdom (2009), was considered an imminent threat justifying derogations, even though it went on to find that measures taken by the United Kingdom under that derogation were disproportionate. While the Court generally accords a wide margin of appreciation to national authorities in determining the existence of an emergency, it maintains supervisory oversight to ensure compliance with Convention standards.
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