Potential energy
Potential energy for electrostatic forces between two bodies

The electrostatic force exerted by a charge Q on another charge q separated by a distance r is given by Coulomb's Law F = 1 4 π ε 0 Q q r 2 r ^, {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {Qq}{r^{2}}}\mathbf {\hat {r}},} where r ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} } is a vector of length 1 pointing from Q to q and ε is the vacuum permittivity.

The work W required to move q from A to any point B in the electrostatic force field is given by the potential function U (r) = 1 4 π ε 0 Q q r. {\displaystyle U(r)={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {Qq}{r}}.}
combination:two_responses