HIV
Treatment and transmission

Studies that established the U=U principle include Opposites Attract, PARTNER 1, PARTNER 2 (which focused on male-male couples), and HPTN052 (which focused on heterosexual couples). These studies involved couples where one partner was HIV-positive and one was HIV-negative, and included regular HIV testing. Across these four studies, a total of 4,097 couples participated from four continents, reporting 151,880 acts of condomless sex with zero phylogenetically-linked HIV transmissions when the positive partner had an undetectable viral load. Following these findings, the U=U consensus statement advocating the use of the term 'zero risk' was endorsed by numerous individuals and organizations, including the CDC, the British HIV Association, and The Lancet medical journal.
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