Bar Kokhba revolt
Tel Shalem triumphal arc and Hadrian's statue

Archaeological discoveries at Tel Shalem, a site in the upper Jordan Valley near Scythopolis and Pella, have led researchers to identify it as a Roman fort active around the time of the revolt, possibly involved in it. The remains include a cuirassed bronze statue of Hadrian and a Latin inscription referencing a detachment of Legio VI Ferrata, suggesting the legion was stationed there during that period. In 1977, a monumental Latin inscription dedicated to Hadrian was found reused in nearby Late Antique graves; Its scale, epigraphic features, and layout suggest it once belonged to a triumphal arch. Gideon Foerster and Werner Eck have proposed that the inscription came from an arch erected by the Senate following the Bar Kokhba revolt, with its location—well north of the revolt's epicenter in Betar—possibly reflecting a Roman victory in the Galilee region. However, this interpretation is disputed, and alternative explanations have been proposed.
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