1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
Politics

As the party departed from the orthodox communism it was founded upon, much of its attention was focused on the cultivation of nationalism as an alternative ideology. This policy largely succeeded in tying the party's legitimacy to China's "national pride", turning domestic public opinion back in its favor.

The protests highlighted severe inadequacies in riot control equipment and training among both the Chinese military and police. The PLA was not trained or equipped to handle riots, and the few PAP riot control units that were dispatched were insufficient in crowd control. Since 1989, efforts have been made to create effective riot control units in Chinese cities increased spending on internal security and to an expanded role for the People's Armed Police in handling protests.
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