Hydroelectricity
Calculating available power

A simple formula for approximating electric power production at a hydroelectric station is:

P = − η (m ˙ g Δ h) = − η ((ρ V ˙) g Δ h) {\displaystyle P=-\eta \ ({\dot {m}}g\ \Delta h)=-\eta \ ((\rho {\dot {V}})\ g\ \Delta h)}

where

Efficiency is often higher (that is, closer to 1) with larger and more modern turbines. Annual electric energy production depends on the available water supply. In some installations, the water flow rate can vary by a factor of 10:1 over the course of a year.
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