Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)
Use as (national) anthem

During the division of Germany in the Cold War, the "Ode to Joy" segment of the symphony was played in lieu of a national anthem at the Olympic Games for the United Team of Germany between 1956 and 1968. In 1972, the musical backing (without the words) was adopted as the Anthem of Europe by the Council of Europe and subsequently by the European Communities (now the European Union) in 1985. The "Ode to Joy" was also used as the national anthem of Rhodesia between 1974 and 1979, as " Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia ". During the early 1990s, South Africa used an instrumental version of "Ode to Joy" in lieu of its national anthem at the time " Die Stem van Suid-Afrika " at sporting events, though it was never actually adopted as an official national anthem.
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