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Biosynthesis

In humans and boars, androstenol is biosynthesized in the testes. Pregnenolone is metabolized into androstadienol by the 16-ene-synthetase activity of CYP17A1. Androstadienol is then sequentially converted into androstenol by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (androstadienol to androstadienone), 5α-reductase (androstadienone to androstenone), and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (androstenone to androstenol), in a manner analogous to the biosynthesis of 3α-androstanediol from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Androstenol may also be synthesized in the adrenal glands and the ovaries in humans. In addition, androstenol may be synthesized in the human nasal mucosa from androstenone, and likely also from androstadienol and androstadienone in this area.