linguistic:voice_change, information:filtering, structural:reformatting, quality:corruption
Philosophy of history

Ibn Khaldun is considered a pioneer of the philosophy of history. Dawood writes on the Muqaddimah:

It can be regarded as the earliest attempt made by any historian to discover a pattern in the changes that occur in man's political and social organization. Rational in its approach, analytical in its method, encyclopaedic in detail, it represents an almost complete departure from traditional historiography, discarding conventional concepts and cliches and seeking, beyond the mere chronicle of events, an explanation—and hence a philosophy of history.