quality:correction, linguistic:voice_change, structural:expansion, linguistic:translation, stylistic:tone
Section 2: Apportionment of representatives

In Richardson v. Ramirez (1974), the Supreme Court upheld the Constitution of California 's felony disenfranchisement provisions against an Equal Protection Clause challenge, reasoning that Section 2 allows states to punish crime with a permanent loss of voting rights. However, in Hunter v. Underwood (1985), the Supreme Court held that because a similar provision in the Alabama Constitution of 1901 was enacted with discriminatory intent, it was unenforceable. The 2020 California Proposition 17 restored the right to vote after completion of one's prison term, and as of 2025, half of the states either automatically restore voting rights upon release from prison or never order disenfranchisement.