stylistic:tone, structural:summarization, structural:scholar_edition, information:classification, linguistic:paraphrasing
Chemistry

Alfred Stock and Carl Somiesky examined the hydrolysis of dichlorosilane, a reaction that was proposed to initially give the monomer H SiO: SiH 2 Cl 2 + H 2 O ⟶ H 2 SiO + 2 HCl {\displaystyle {\ce {SiH2Cl2 + H2O -> H2SiO + 2 HCl}}} When the hydrolysis is performed by treating a solution of H SiCl in benzene with water, the product was determined to have the approximate formula. Higher polymers were proposed to form with time.

Most polysiloxanes feature organic substituents, e.g., and. All polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes, silicones consist of an inorganic silicon–oxygen backbone chain (· · · −Si−O−Si−O−Si−O− · · ·) with two groups attached to each silicon center. The materials can be cyclic or polymeric. By varying the −Si−O− chain lengths, side groups, and crosslinking, silicones can be synthesized with a wide variety of properties and compositions. They can vary in consistency from liquid to gel to rubber to hard plastic. The most common siloxane is linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone oil. The second-largest group of silicone materials is based on silicone resins, which are formed by branched and cage-like oligosiloxanes.