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Orthotropic materials

Orthotropic materials have three orthogonal planes of symmetry. If the basis vectors (e, e, e) are normals to the planes of symmetry then the coordinate transformation relations imply that

The inverse of this relation is commonly written as

where

Under plane stress conditions, σ = σ = σ = 0, Hooke's law for an orthotropic material takes the form

The inverse relation is

The transposed form of the above stiffness matrix is also often used.