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Children

Children and infants are among the most vulnerable to air pollution. Polluted air leads to the poisoning of millions of children under the age of 15, resulting in the death of some 600,000 children annually (543,000 under 5 years of age and 52,000 aged 5-15 years). Children in low or middle income countries are exposed to higher levels of fine particulate matter than those in high income countries.

Health effects of air pollution on children include asthma, pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections and low birth weight. A study in Europe found that exposure to ultrafine particles can increase blood pressure in children.