quality:correction, information:classification
In court and law

Black youth are 1.4x more likely to be given secure confinement, the most severe sanction for a juvenile, when compared to white youth. A study done by Patrick Lowery and John Burrow found that many judicial actors subconsciously attempt to justify simplifications of complex cases by using societal "norms and values" that "include evaluations of stability, consistency, or volatility." Other factors for juveniles include the state of their homes and the state of their communities. Juveniles that come from single-parent homes are more likely to be prosecuted and charged with crimes; this information is known to jurors or judges and could add bias into a decision made by them. The same study brought socio-economic status into question as potential bias. Arrest rates have been shown to be higher in poorer areas when compared to areas of greater wealth.