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Phylogeny

Historically, taxonomists believed that the Ophiuroidea were sister to the Asteroidea as the clade Asterozoa, or that they were sister to the (Holothuroidea + Echinoidea) as the clade Cryptosyringida. However, a 2014 analysis of 219 genes from all classes of echinoderms resulted in strong support for Asterozoa. An independent analysis in 2015 of RNA transcriptomes from 23 species across all classes of echinoderms gave the same tree.

The context of the echinoderms within the Bilateria is: