stylistic:style_transfer, structural:reformatting, linguistic:translation
Special doctrines

Res ipsa loquitur. This is Latin for "the thing speaks for itself." To prove negligence under this doctrine the plaintiff must prove (1) the incident does not usually happen without negligence, (2) the object that caused the harm was under the defendant's control and (3) the plaintiff did not contribute to the cause.

Negligence per se comes down to whether or not a party violated a standard in law meant to protect the public such as a building code or speed limit.