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Castile and León is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain. It was created in 1983 by merging the provinces of the historic region of León: León, Zamora and Salamanca, with those of Old Castile: Ávila, Burgos, Palencia, Segovia, Soria and Valladolid. The provinces of Santander and Logroño, which until then had been included in the "Old Castile" administrative division, opted out of this merger and formed the new Autonomous Communities of Cantabria and La Rioja respectively. Condado de Treviño and La Puebla de Arganzón, the two municipalities that make up the Treviño enclave, are geographically surrounded by the neighboring Basque Country Autonomous Community, but belong to Castile and León. Castile and León is the largest autonomous community in Spain by area, covering 94,222 km⁲. It is, however, sparsely populated, with a population density below 30/km⁲. Its population is the second oldest of Spain. While a capital has not been explicitly declared, the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in Valladolid by law, and for all purposes that city serves as the de facto regional capital. Castile and León is a landlocked region, bordered by Portugal as well as by the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country, La Rioja, Aragon, Castilla–La Mancha, the Community of Madrid and Extremadura. Chiefly comprising the northern half of the Inner Plateau, it is surrounded by mountain barriers and most of the territory is drained by the Douro River, flowing west toward the Atlantic Ocean. The region contains eleven World Heritage Sites, making it the region with most UNESCO World Heritage Sites. UNESCO recognizes the Cortes of León of 1188 as the cradle of worldwide parliamentarism.