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Types

Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. Another classification is based on perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property.

This is present in extreme forms of bullying, such as hate crimes. A hate crime is when a perpetrator harms a victim because they perceive them to be a member of an outgroup that they are biased against. Perpetrators often harm victims that are perceived as belonging to a group based on their race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, nationality, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, and or disability. Both bullying and hate crimes involve the devaluing and disrespecting of another person for what is deemed by the perpetrator to be justified reasons. Yet, not all bullying is considered to be a hate crime. Bullies often select their victims because of specific characteristics that the bully views as nonconforming to their sense of belonging. This means that individuals in minority groups are more likely to be targeted. However, bullies choose victims that are more available and or vulnerable. This is a more broad approach than in hate crimes.

There are also the cases being researched now and in the more recent years of the phenomenon called cyberbullying, which takes place in the virtual world. Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages in individual's lives. The cases of cyberbullying usually start in early adolescence, when they occurrence of cellular devices are more common.