quality:correction, structural:expansion
Components of glandular secretions

The preorbital gland secretion of muskoxen has a "light, sweetish, ethereal" odor. Analysis of preorbital gland secretion extract showed the presence of cholesterol (which is nonvolatile), benzaldehyde, a series of straight-chain saturated γ-lactones ranging from C H O to C H O (with C H O being most abundant), and probably the monounsaturated γ-lactone C H O. The saturated γ-lactone series has an odor similar to that of the secretion.

The odor of dominant rutting males is described as "strong" and "rank". It derives from the preputial gland and is distributed over the fur of the abdomen via urine. Analysis of extract of washes of the prepuce revealed the presence of benzoic acid and p -cresol, along with a series of straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons from C H to C H (with C H being most abundant).