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Prolactin

Prolactin, produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, is the major hormone responsible for milk production. During pregnancy, the level of prolactin rises to trigger the development of mammary tissue in the breast to prepare it for milk supply. Yet, due to high levels of progesterone and oestrogen, which are female hormones released from the placenta, milk production is prohibited until the removal of the placenta after labour. When the inhibition from progesterone and oestrogen fades, prolactin can be increased to stimulate the production of milk which is stored in the myoepithelium of the mammary gland. In addition, the suckling action of the babies stimulates nipples, resulting in the secretion of prolactin. The prolactin hormone will reach its highest level in blood approximately 90 minutes after breastfeeding, preparing milk for the next feeding.