information:extraction
Psychological noise

Psychological noise results from preconceived notions brought to conversations, such as stereotypes, reputations, biases, and assumptions. When we come into a conversation with ideas about what the other person is going to say and why, we can easily become blinded to their original message. Most of the time it is difficult to distance oneself from psychological noise, recognizing that it exists and taking those distractions into account when we converse with others is important.Psychological noise occurs when the psychological state of the receiver(s) is such as to produce an unpredictable decoding (right after a major earthquake, an "oldies" radio station in Los Angeles plays Elvis Presley's "I'm All Shook Up" as part of a preprogrammed music session, and is condemned by listeners for mocking victims of the quake)(L Chirubvu, 2018)