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Etymology and usage

The word monotheism was coined from the Greek μόνος (monos) meaning "single" and θεός (theos) meaning " god ". The term was coined by Henry More (1614–1687).

Monotheism is a complex and nuanced concept. The biblical authors had various ways of understanding God and the divine, shaped by their historical and cultural contexts. The notion of monotheism that is used today was developed much later, influenced by the Enlightenment and Christian views. Many definitions of monotheism are too modern, western, and Christian-centered to account for the diversity and complexity of the ancient sources, which include not only the biblical texts, but also other writings, inscriptions, and material remains that help reconstruct the ancient beliefs and practices of the people of Judah and Israel.

The term "monotheism" is often contrasted with " polytheism ", but many scholars prefer other terms such as monolatry, henotheism, or one-god discourse.