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Epidemiology

Lyme disease occurs regularly in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions. An estimated 476,000 people a year are diagnosed and treated for the disease in the United States. This number is likely an overestimate due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Over 200,000 people a year are diagnosed and treated in Europe. There is a suggestion that tick populations and Lyme disease occurrence are increasing and spreading into new areas, due in part to the warming temperatures of climate change. However, tick-borne disease systems are complex, and determining whether changes are due to climate change or other drivers can be difficult. Lyme disease effects are comparable among males and females. A wide range of age groups is affected, though the number of cases is highest among 10- to 19-year-olds.