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Brisbane (/ ˈ b r ɪ z b ən / BRIZ -bən, Turrbal: Meanjin) is the capital of the state of Queensland and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of South East Queensland, which includes several other regional centres and cities. The central business district is situated within a peninsula of the Brisbane River about 15 km (9 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. Brisbane is located in the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges. It sprawls across several local government areas, most centrally the City of Brisbane. Historical names for Brisbane include the City of Flowers, and Later Rome. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.

The Moreton Bay penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney colony, and soon moved to North Quay in 1825 on the banks of the Brisbane River, so named for British army general and Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane. German Lutherans established the first free settlement of Zion Hill at Nundah in 1838, and in 1859 Brisbane was chosen as Queensland's capital when the state separated from New South Wales. By the late 19th century, the city had grown into a major port and centre of immigration. During World War II, the Allied command in the South West Pacific was based in the city, along with the headquarters for General Douglas MacArthur of the United States Army.

Brisbane is a global centre of research and innovation, and ranks in the top 10% for its innovation environment out of 500 cities worldwide; with leading strengths in medicine and biotechnology, as well as a major tech base centred on Fortitude Valley. A transport hub, Brisbane is served by large rail, bus and ferry networks, as well as Brisbane Airport and the Port of Brisbane, Australia's third-largest seaport.

A diverse city with over 36% of its metropolitan population being foreign-born, Brisbane is frequently ranked highly in lists of the most liveable cities. Galleries and museums are an important part of the city's culture, with the most prominent being the Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art. Brisbane has hosted major events including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001, the 2014 G20 summit, and will host the 2032 Summer Olympics and 2032 Summer Paralympics.

Brisbane is one of Australia's most popular tourist destinations and is Australia's most biodiverse and greenest city. South Bank and its extensive parklands is the most visited tourist landmark in Australia, with an estimated 14+ million visitors every year. Other major landmarks and precincts of the city include; Brisbane City Hall and King George Square, the Story Bridge and Howard Smith Wharves, Queen's Wharf, St John's cathedral, Kangaroo Point Bridge and cliffs. Much of Brisbane's inner-city neighbourhoods are also characterised by its historic Queenslander architecture. Brisbane is also known for its extensive parks and gardens including; the City Botanic Gardens, Victoria Park, Roma Street Parkland, New Farm Park, Newstead Park, the Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens and Lookout.