quality:corruption
Science

To doubt everything or to believe everything are two equally convenient solutions; both dispense with the necessity of reflection.

— Henri Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis (1905) (from Dover abridged edition of 1952)

The scientific method regularly quantifies doubt, and uses it to determine whether further research is needed. Isaac Asimov, in his 1962 essay collection Fact and Fancy, described science as a system for causing and resolving intelligent doubt.

Charles Peirce saw doubt as the starting point of any scientific investigation. Karl Popper deployed scientific doubt as an essential tool: scientists working in the Popperian paradigm doubt any theory so thoroughly that they strive to falsify that theory.