linguistic:paraphrasing
Intelligence and knowledge

Openness to experience correlates with intelligence, correlation coefficients ranging from about r =.30 to r =.45. These relations vary significantly based on which component of intelligence is examined. For example, meta-analyses have found relations ranging from.08 with processing speed abilities to.29 with verbal abilities. Another common distinction is between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Some studies have found moderate associations with crystallized intelligence but only weak associations with fluid intelligence. In contrast, more recent meta-analyses have found more similar relations for crystallized and fluid abilities (.20 and.19, respectively). A study examining the facets of openness found that the Ideas and Actions facets had modest positive correlations with fluid intelligence (r =.20 and r =.07 respectively). Meta-analyses have also found the ideas, curiosity, and need for cognition facets (i.e., facets most associated with the intellect aspect of openness) to be positive correlates of fluid abilities with correlations ranging from.18 to.21. Fluid abilities may come more easily for people who tend to be curious and open to learning. Alternatively, people with strong fluid abilities may find it more enjoyable to ponder and explore ideas. Several studies have found positive associations between openness to experience and general knowledge, especially verbal knowledge. People high in openness may be more motivated to engage in intellectual pursuits that increase their knowledge. Openness to experience, especially the Ideas facet, is related to need for cognition, a motivational tendency to think about ideas, scrutinize information, and enjoy solving puzzles, and to typical intellectual engagement (a similar construct to need for cognition).