structural:expansion, structural:summarization
Ordered set and matrix notations

Spherical vectors are specified like polar vectors, where the zenith angle is concatenated as a third component to form ordered triplets and matrices. The azimuth and zenith angles may be both prefixed with the angle symbol (∠ {\displaystyle \angle }); the prefix should be used consistently to produce the distance-angle-angle combination that distinguishes spherical vectors from cylindrical ones.

A three-dimensional spherical vector v can be represented as any of the following, using either ordered triplet or matrix notation:

Where ρ is the magnitude, θ is the azimuth angle, and φ is the zenith angle.