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Collision frequency describes the rate of collisions between two atomic or molecular species in a given volume, per unit time. In an ideal gas, assuming that the species behave like hard spheres, the collision frequency between entities of species A and species B is: which has units of [volume][time]−1. Here, N A is the number of A molecules in the gas, N B is the number of B molecules in the gas, σ AB is the collision cross section, the "effective area" seen by two colliding molecules, simplified to σ AB = π 2 , where r A the radius of A and r B the radius of B. k B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, μ AB is the reduced mass of the reactants A and B, μ AB = m A m B m A + m B 