linguistic:voice_change, structural:expansion, quality:corruption, structural:summarization
Mathematical model

As an example, the European roulette model, that is, roulette with only one zero, can be examined. Since this roulette has 37 cells with equal odds of hitting, this is a final model of field probability (Ω, 2 Ω, P) {\textstyle \left(\Omega,2^{\Omega },\mathbb {P} \right)}, where Ω = { 0, …, 36 } {\displaystyle \Omega =\{0,\ldots,36\}}, P (A) = | A | 37 {\textstyle \mathbb {P} (A)={\frac {|A|}{37}}} for all A ∈ 2 Ω {\displaystyle A\in 2^{\Omega }}.

Call the bet S {\displaystyle S} a triple (A, r, ξ) {\displaystyle (A,r,\xi)}, where A {\displaystyle A} is the set of chosen numbers, r ∈ R + {\displaystyle r\in \mathbb {R} _{+}} is the size of the bet, and ξ: Ω → R {\displaystyle \xi :\Omega \to \mathbb {R} } determines the return of the bet.

The rules of European roulette have 10 types of bets. First the 'Straight Up' bet can be imagined. In this case, S = ({ ω 0 }, r, ξ) {\displaystyle S=(\{\omega _{0}\},r,\xi)}, for some ω 0 ∈ Ω {\displaystyle \omega _{0}\in \Omega }, and ξ {\displaystyle \xi } is determined by

The bet's expected net return, or profitability, is equal to

Without details, for a bet, black (or red), the rule is determined as

and the profitability

For similar reasons it is simple to see that the profitability is also equal for all remaining types of bets. − r 37 {\textstyle -{\frac {r}{37}}}.

In reality this means that, the more bets a player makes, the more they are going to lose independent of the strategies (combinations of bet types or size of bets) that they employ:

Here, the profit margin for the roulette owner is equal to approximately 2.7%. Nevertheless, several roulette strategy systems have been developed despite the losing odds. These systems can not change the odds of the game in favor of the player.

It is worth noting that the odds for the player in American roulette are even worse, as the bet profitability is at worst − 3 38 r ≈ − 0.0789 r {\textstyle -{\frac {3}{38}}r\approx -0.0789r}, and never better than − r 19 ≈ − 0.0526 r {\textstyle -{\frac {r}{19}}\approx -0.0526r}.