structural:summarization
19th century

According to Andrew Marr, four major transitions in the Victorian era created modern British journalism. The stamp tax on every paper sold was removed, enabling newspapers to become profitable by selling advertising. Secondly. new industrial technology enabled news to flow in over telegraph wires, and new highspeed presses did overnight printing of hundreds of thousands of copies for distribution by the new railway system to the entire nation. Next the educational system was enlarged from a small elite so that most people could now read a newspaper and study the ads. And finally Victorians developed mass democracy that made public opinion relevant to the formation of public policy.