information:classification, information:highlighting, structural:expansion
Prevention

Isoniazid, rifapentine or both may be given to those with HIV as preventative therapy and have been shown to prevent infection with TB (both in those being treated for HIV and those that were untreated). Preventative therapy may be given for 3-6 months at a time or indefinitely, however the utility of indefinite TB preventative therapy is not well established. Isoniazid given for 36 months was shown to reduce the risk of TB by 38% as compared to 6 months of therapy in those with HIV. However, other another study showed limited benefit in preventing TB by starting another 3 month preventative regiment of rifapentine-isoniazid 12 months after the first course in those receiving therapy for HIV. Rifapentine or rifampin was associated with less liver toxicity, less risk of death and increase adherence compared to isoniazid therapy.