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Minyan requirement

Masekhet Soferim, an eighth-century compilation of Jewish laws regarding the preparation of holy books and public reading, states in 10:7 that Kaddish may be recited only in the presence of a minyan - a quorum of ten. The traditional view is that "If kaddish is said in private, then by definition it is not kaddish ". However some alternatives have been suggested, including the Kaddish l'yachid "Kaddish for an individual", attributed to the ninth-century Amram Gaon, and the use of kavanah prayer, asking heavenly beings to join with the individual "to make a minyan of both Earth and heaven". In some Reform congregations, a minyan is not required for recitation of the Kaddish, but other Reform congregations disagree and believe that the Kaddish should be said publicly.