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Terminology and etymology

The English word "ginseng" comes from the Teochew Chinese jîn-sim (人蔘; where this transliteration is in Pe̍h-ōe-jī). The first character 人 (pinyin rén; Modern Standard Mandarin pronunciation: or) means "person" and the second character 蔘 (pinyin: shēn; MSM:) means "plant root" in a forked shape.

The Korean loanword insam comes from the cultivated ginseng (Korean: 인삼; Hanja: 人蔘; RR: insam; lit. human ginseng), which is less expensive than wild ginseng.

The botanical genus name Panax, meaning "all-healing" in Greek, shares the same origin as " panacea " and was applied to this genus because Carl Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine as a muscle relaxant.