stylistic:style_transfer
In modeling and statistics

In statistics, more specifically in linear regression, a scatter plot of data is generated with X as the independent variable and Y as the dependent variable. This is also called a bivariate dataset, (x, y)(x, y)...(x, y). The simple linear regression model takes the form of Y = a + B x + U, for i = 1, 2,..., n. In this case, U,..., U are independent random variables. This occurs when the measurements do not influence each other. Through propagation of independence, the independence of U implies independence of Y, even though each Y has a different expectation value. Each U has an expectation value of 0 and a variance of σ 2. Expectation of Y Proof: