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Types

Right hemicolectomy and left hemicolectomy refer to the resection of the ascending colon (right) and the descending colon (left), respectively. When middle colic vessels and transverse colon are also resected, it may be referred to as an extended hemicolectomy. Left hemicolectomy is most commonly indicated for cancer in the splenic flexure or descending colon, diverticular disease of the descending colon, and colovesicular or colovaginal fistulas that develop as a consequence of diverticular disease. The main limitation to performing a left extended colectomy is the difficulty of achieving a colorectal anastomosis afterward. Different techniques, such as Deloyer's or Rosi-Cahil's techniques, have been proposed to solve this issue. Right hemicolectomy is most commonly indicated for masses in the right, or ascending, colon but may also be performed for neoplasms of the cecum or appendix. Right-sided diverticulitis, cecal volvulus, inflammatory bowel disease, and adenomatous polyps are benign conditions that may require right hemicolectomy.