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Political history

In the provinces represented in the Imperial Council, men had had universal suffrage at national level since 1907. Mayor Karl Lueger of the Christian Social Party prevented the adoption of this right to vote in municipal council elections, which excluded many working class people. The first elections in which all adult men and women were entitled to vote took place in 1919 after the end of the monarchy. Since 1919, the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) has provided the mayor in all free elections and the Vienna City Council (the city parliament) has had a Social Democratic majority.

On November 10, 1920, the day on which the Federal Constitution of Austria came into force, which defined Vienna as a separate federal state and made its separation from Lower Austria possible. Since then, the mayor of Vienna has also been the governor of the state, the city senate the state government and the municipal council the state parliament. Vienna was used as the seat of the Lower Austrian government until 1997, when they moved to St. Pölten.

From 1934 to 1945, during the period of Austrofascist and Nazi, no democratic elections were held and the city was run as a dictatorship. During this time the SPÖ was banned and many of its members imprisoned. Vienna's city constitution was reinstated in 1945.

The city has enacted many social democratic policies. The Gemeindebauten are social housing assets that are well integrated into the city architecture outside the inner district. The low rents enable comfortable accommodation and good access to the city amenities. Many of the projects were built after World War II on vacant lots that were destroyed by bombing during the war. The city took particular pride in building them to a high standard. The social housing in Vienna provides living for more than 500,000 people.