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Historic storms

The most intense extratropical cyclone on record was a cyclone in the Southern Ocean in October 2022. An analysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts estimated a pressure of 900.7 mbar (26.60 inHg) and a subsequent analysis published in Geophysical Research Letters estimated a pressure of 899.91 mbar (26.574 inHg). The same Geophysical Research Letters article notes at least five other extratropical cyclones in the Southern Ocean with a pressure under 915 mbar (27.0 inHg).

In the North Atlantic Ocean, the most intense extratropical cyclone was the Braer Storm, which reached a pressure of 914 mbar (27.0 inHg) in early January 1993. Before the Braer Storm, an extratropical cyclone near Greenland in December 1986 reached a minimum pressure of at least 916 mbar (27.0 inHg). The West German Meteorological Service marked a pressure of 915 mbar (27.0 inHg), with the possibility of a pressure between 912–913 mbar (26.9–27.0 inHg), lower than the Braer Storm.

The most intense extratropical cyclone across the North Pacific Ocean occurred in November 2014, when a cyclone partially related to Typhoon Nuri reached a record low pressure of 920 mbar (27 inHg). In October 2021, the most intense Pacific Northwest windstorm occurred off the coast of Oregon, peaking with a pressure of 942 mbar (27.8 inHg). One of the strongest nor'easters occurred in January 2018, in which a cyclone reached a pressure of 950 mbar (28 inHg).

Extratropical cyclones have been responsible for some of the most damaging floods in European history. The Great storm of 1703 killed over 8,000 people and the North Sea flood of 1953 killed over 2,500 and destroyed 3,000 houses. In 2002, floods in Europe caused by two genoa lows caused $27.115 billion in damages and 232 fatalities, the most damaging flood in European since at least 1985. In late December 1999, Cyclones Lothar and Martin caused 140 deaths combined and over $23 billion in damages in Central Europe, the costliest European windstorms in history.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone off the coast of the Northeastern United States. Over 100 people were killed and $65 billion in damages, the second costliest tropical cyclone at the time. Other extratropical cyclones have been related to major tornado outbreaks. The tornado outbreaks of April 1965, April 1974 and April 2011 were all large, violent, and deadly tornado outbreaks related to extratropical cyclones. Similarly, winter storms in March 1888, November 1950 and March 1993 were responsible for over 300 deaths each.

In December 1960 a nor'easter caused at least 286 deaths in the Northeastern United States, one of the deadliest nor'easters on record. 62 years later in 2022, a winter storm caused $8.5 billion in damages and 106 deaths across the United States and Canada.

In September 1954, the extratropical remnants of Typhoon Marie caused the Tōya Maru to run aground and capsize in the Tsugaru Strait. 1,159 out of the 1,309 on board were killed, making it one of the deadliest typhoons in Japanese history. In July 2016, a cyclone in Northern China left 184 dead, 130 missing, and caused over $4.96 billion in damages.