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Florian Witold Znaniecki was a Polish and American philosopher and sociologist who taught and wrote in Poland and in the United States. Over the course of his work, he shifted his focus from philosophy to sociology. He remains a major figure in the history of Polish and American sociology; the founder of Polish academic sociology, and of an entire school of thought in sociology. He won international renown as co-author, with William I. Thomas, of the study, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America (1918–1920), which is considered the foundation of modern empirical sociology. He also made major contributions to sociological theory, introducing terms such as "humanistic coefficient" and "culturalism". In Poland, he established the first Polish department of sociology at Adam Mickiewicz University, where he worked from 1920 to 1939. His career in the US began at the University of Chicago and continued at Columbia University and at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was the 44th President of the American Sociological Association.