linguistic:voice_change, structural:reformatting, information:extraction, stylistic:style_transfer, structural:expansion
Legal features

4. A dominant firm's subjective intention may be to eliminate competition to gain a monopoly advantage. Under EU law, if a dominant firm prices above AVC but below Average Total Costs (ATC), proving intention can be useful evidence for finding predatory pricing. However, the difficulty is faced when distinguishing between an intention to eliminate competitors and an intention to win the competition. Thus, the European Commission does not have to establish an undertaking's subjective intention to prove that Article 102 applies, as abuse is an objective rather than a subjective concept.