structural:summarization
Textiles

Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of textiles, particularly in Japan, where this is the largest application. Sodium sulfate is added to increase the ionic strength of the solution and so helps in "levelling", i.e. reducing negative electrical charges on textile fibres, so that dyes can penetrate evenly (see the theory of the diffuse double layer (DDL) elaborated by Gouy and Chapman). Unlike the alternative sodium chloride, it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.