linguistic:paraphrasing
In 1931 the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) published the CIE 1931 color spaces which define the relationship between the visible spectrum and the visual sensation of specific colors by human color vision. The CIE color spaces are mathematical models that create a "standard observer", which attempts to predict the perception of unique hues of color. These color spaces are essential tools that provide the foundation for measuring color for industry, including inks, dyes, and paints, illumination, color imaging, etc. The CIE color spaces contributed to the development of color television, the creation of instruments for maintaining consistent color in manufacturing processes, and other methods of color management. The initials CIE come from the French name "Commission Internationale de l'éclairage", which has maintained and developed many of the standards in use today relating to colorimetry. The CIE color spaces were created using data from a series of experiments, where human test subjects adjusted red, green, and blue primary colors to find a visual match to a second, pure color. The original experiments were conducted in the mid 1920s by William David Wright using ten observers and John Guild using seven observers. The experimental results were combined, creating the CIE RGB color space. The CIE XYZ color space was derived from CIE RGB in an effort to simplify the math. The CIE 1931 XYZ color space is still widely used, even though it is not perceptually uniform in relation to human vision. In 1976 the CIE published the CIELUV and CIELAB color spaces, which are derived from XYZ, and are intended to provide more uniform predictions relative to human perception.