linguistic:voice_change, structural:expansion, linguistic:translation, linguistic:paraphrasing
Content and effects

The VCLT defines a treaty as "an international agreement concluded between states in written form and governed by international law", and affirms that "every state possesses the capacity to conclude treaties." Article 1 of the VCLT restricts the application of the convention to written treaties between states, excluding treaties concluded between the states and international organizations or between international organizations. Article 11 defines "means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty" including ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article 26 defines pacta sunt servanda, that agreements must be kept; Article 53 defines jus cogens, peremptory norm; Article 62 defines Fundamental Change of Circumstance, which determines the validity or invalidity of a treaty; and Article 77 defines depositary, the organisation or person who holds a multilateral treaty.