[{"bbox": [85, 151, 1145, 351], "category": "Text", "text": "used public human and financial resources, the Peruvian State has a limited presence in many regions, particularly in the Amazonic basin, thus being unable to contain organized national and transnational crime in many areas (nor to provide basic social services to the population). The **current perception by the population is of increased insecurity** through thefts and extortion, affecting particularly urban centers. In this context, authorities are stressing the need to have a combined response consisting on the one hand in dismantling organised crime networks by attacking their business model (and financial interests) and, on the other hand, ensuring more police presence in cities to prevent day crimes and secure the population with."}, {"bbox": [85, 367, 1145, 540], "category": "Text", "text": "In June 2023, the National Commission for Development and Life without Drugs (DEVIDA) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) regional office, presented the official results \"The Coca Crop Monitoring Report 2022\"¹⁰, which consolidates the **growing trend of cultivation in Peru, positioning the country as the second largest cocaine producer in the world**, only surpassed by Colombia. According to the report, the area under coca cultivation in the country reached 95,008 hectares in 2022, representing a year-on-year increase of 18% compared to the previous year."}, {"bbox": [85, 555, 1145, 671], "category": "Text", "text": "On the other hand, the Study on the Dynamics of Cocaine in Peru published in 2023¹¹ indicates that the global cocaine market is expanding, with a 35% increase in world production and a record level in 2021 of 2304 tons. It is identified that (i) **Europe has surpassed the United States as the main destination** and (ii) a new dynamic with production of cocaine base for export in Peru has exceeded in volume the production of cocaine hydrochloride¹²."}, {"bbox": [85, 687, 1145, 945], "category": "Text", "text": "Currently, problems coexist in the country related to the persistence of a replanting process, the expansion of the coca crops plantations, the permeability of frontiers and the intensive use of agrochemicals to increase coca production, generating negative impacts on the environment and various ecosystem services, increasing deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, etc. and pollution (direct or indirect) of subterraneans and basin water resources, among others. **Coca cultivation, and especially the new areas, have a direct impact both in the environment (deforestation) and on the security of the population** with the exploitation and constant security threats to local inhabitants and the murdering of 33 indigenous leaders who were protesting against drug organisations in their territories by criminal organisations in the last 10 years. In addition, mainly as Rule of Law institutions are hardly controlling remote, State of Emergency is ongoing in several regions of the country."}, {"bbox": [85, 958, 1145, 1043], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite the risks linked, drugs trafficking remain, by choice or obligation, a highly profitable activity for poor and isolated rural populations, and growing number of rural people are engaged into the various links of the chains of the productive process from illicit economy (including other relevant crimes)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1056, 1145, 1224], "category": "Text", "text": "In Peru a megadiverse country in terms of geography, biodiversity and natural resources, population and a key partner in the fight against climate change and the preservation of biodiversity, **illegal logging, illegal mining**¹³ (often accompanied by **smuggling networks and trafficking in human beings for labour and/or prostitution**), and trafficking in protected species are rapidly increasing are the most common environmental crimes accompanied with land property titles trafficking and abuse as well as human-rights defenders/native communities representatives’ murders."}, {"bbox": [85, 1240, 556, 1268], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## EU priorities and policies in security and justice"}, {"bbox": [85, 1281, 1145, 1510], "category": "Text", "text": "The European Commission has security among its top priorities for the 2019-2024 period. This is reflected by the commitments and strategies on drugs and security, mainly the **EU drugs strategy 2021-2025** and its action plan on drug supply reduction, security, drug-related harm, international cooperation; the **EU strategy to tackle organised crime 2021-2025** focusing on boosting law enforcement and judicial cooperation, tackling organised crime structures and high priority crimes, removing criminal profits and ensuring a modern response to technological developments and finally to the **EU roadmap to fight drug trafficking and organised crime** recently approved with the aim to scale up the response through (1) a new European Ports Alliance; (2) the dismantling of high-risk criminal networks; (3) measures to prevent organised crime and (4) working with international partners to confront"}, {"bbox": [85, 1535, 932, 1559], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ https://www.gob.pe/institucion/devida/informes-publicaciones/4364118-monitoreo-de-cultivos-de-coca-2022"}, {"bbox": [85, 1559, 683, 1580], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ Coordinated by DEVIDA, UNODC, DIRANDRO and supported by the EU"}, {"bbox": [85, 1580, 684, 1602], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² According to official seizure data, between October 2020 and October 2022"}, {"bbox": [85, 1602, 1145, 1647], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹³ Economically, the main illegal activity is gold mining, which is now present in all 24 regions of the country (https://chsalternativo.org/publicaciones/las-economias-criminales-y-su-impacto-en-el-peru-cuales-cuanto-donde-como/)"}, {"bbox": [1034, 1680, 1145, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 30"}]