[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1164, 366], "category": "Text", "text": "Ethiopia's hydrogeological conditions and topographic features are complex, due to the high-altitude volcanic plateau tapering into the Great Rift Valley and peripheral lowlands. The country's water resources are spread among 12 major river basins. Whereas the total annual surface run-off from the basins amounts to about 122 billion cubic metres, the groundwater of the country is estimated at (only) 36 billion cubic metres. Due to economic and population growth, the demand for water in all sectors is increasing, with competition among different uses such as water for domestic or municipal purposes, agriculture, industrial, hydropower, tourism, and environmental services. At the same time, sedimentation, pollution, water hyacinths, and climate change are threatening the water resources of the country by reducing their quality and quantity."}, {"bbox": [96, 390, 1164, 552], "category": "Text", "text": "Currently, the Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) is in the process of revising the existing policy and strategy with the aim of addressing the gaps by taking into consideration national and global development initiatives, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The revision of water policy and strategy is in line with the newly launched 10-year perspective plan, which will run from 2020/21 to 2029/30. The plan is prepared with the aim of sustaining the economic growth achieved under the three phases of the Growth and Transformation Plans (GTPs), targeting the lower-middle-income status by 2025."}, {"bbox": [96, 576, 1164, 869], "category": "Text", "text": "Within this revision process, adoption of National Integrated Water Resources Management (NIWRM) is among the top priorities of the Government of Ethiopia. This is clearly stated in the Water Resources Management policy and strategy, Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy, the Ethiopian Home-Grown Economic Reform (HGER) and the Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021-2030) which aims at increasing basin development to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution, improve productivity, reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and increase forest protection and development. In particular the Proclamation No. 1263-2021 Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia states that (art.32) \"Minister of Water and Energy is in charge to ensure that projects, activities and interventions related to water in the basins are in line with the integrated water resources management process\"; this implies that MoWE should support the implementation of the NIWRM policy through the establishment and support of Water Basin Offices and making available river basin master plans."}, {"bbox": [96, 894, 1164, 949], "category": "Text", "text": "At the moment, for the 12 major basins in the Country, just 3 Water Basin Offices have been established (Awash, Rift Valley and Abay); 2 basin master plans are prepared, and 6 are under preparation."}, {"bbox": [96, 973, 1164, 1334], "category": "Text", "text": "Recurrent drought with increasingly unpredictable rains stimulated the Government of Ethiopia to develop a National Disaster Risk Management Policy (NDRMP - 2012) and the Multi-Hazard Impact-Based Early Warning and Early Action roadmap 2023-2030 led by EDRMC providing direction for dealing with response, preparedness and prevention of multi-hazards and disaster risks in the country. The DRM policy prioritizes mainstreaming of DRM in all sectors especially in those regional states of the country that are vulnerable to recurring disasters. The DRM Strategic Programme and Investment Framework (DRM-SPIF - 2016) envisions reducing the impact of disasters through the establishment of a comprehensive and integrated DRM system within the context of sustainable development and the decentralization agenda. The NDRM policy in general is an important guide for an integrated programming approach towards addressing disasters triggered by all natural and man-made hazards such as drought, floods, conflict and ensuing displacement and migration. The DRM policy lists gender as a cross cutting issue recognizing that women and other marginalized groups are disproportionately impacted by disasters and therefore DRM, including laws, programmes and plans, must \"give special attention to women\" and other marginalized groups,² and disaster response activities will be free to pregnant and lactating women and other marginalized groups.³"}, {"bbox": [96, 1358, 1164, 1440], "category": "Text", "text": "The action is also aligned with the Country Level Implementation Plan (CLIP Ethiopia) and the EU Gender Action Plan 2021-2025 GAP III calling for accelerating progress, focusing on the key thematic areas of engagement, including promoting the economic, social and political empowerment of women and girls."}, {"bbox": [85, 1543, 1125, 1594], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. 2013. *National Policy and Strategy on Disaster Risk Management*. Addis Ababa: Government of Ethiopia. Pp. 12 and reiterated in Strategy 1, 13."}, {"bbox": [85, 1620, 171, 1644], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ Ibid. P7."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1680, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 27"}]