[{"bbox": [145, 133, 398, 157], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 1 CONTEXT ANALYSIS"}, {"bbox": [145, 175, 420, 202], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 1.1 Context Description"}, {"bbox": [145, 216, 1085, 447], "category": "Text", "text": "Tanzania, with a 2017 estimated population of 57 million (51.3 % female and 48.7 % male), is an emerging economy with high growth potential. For the past decade, the country has maintained a relative macroeconomic stability with a real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 7 % but with some current slowdown. While about 14 million Tanzanians continue to live below the basic needs poverty line, statistics indicate that poverty has declined from 28.2 % (2012) to 26.4 % (2018)³. Tanzania's population is predominantly rural (76 %) and young (64 % is aged less than 25 years). Tanzania is ranked 154 out of 189 countries in the UN Human Development Index and 130 out of 189 countries in the Gender Inequality Index in 2017."}, {"bbox": [145, 459, 1085, 604], "category": "Text", "text": "To eradicate poverty, Tanzania recognises the need for sustainable industrialisation to stimulate economic growth. Limited energy access and unreliable electricity supply is a key obstacle to attain this objective. Lack of modern energy technologies and services is also among the barriers for women to improve their life quality and move out of poverty (by limiting their productivity and impeding their economic transformation)."}, {"bbox": [145, 616, 1085, 963], "category": "Text", "text": "Tanzania's electricity access rates are broadly on average with the countries of the South Africa Power Pool (SAPP). However, according to the Energy Access Situation Report 2016, per capita annual power consumption amounts to 153 kWh, which is only 30 % of the regional average. Also, Tanzania has the second-lowest level of installed capacity per electricity customer in the SAPP region. Power demand is expected to grow annually by 10-15 %. Biomass (wood and charcoal) is the main source of energy, accounting for 80 % of Tanzania's total final energy consumption. Wood-based fuels are expected to be replaced by electric power, gas and petroleum products as the country urbanises. In the electricity sector, the 1.60 GW of installed generation capacity is largely based on gas (57 %) and hydropower (37 %)⁴. Tanzania per capita emissions are estimated at 0.2 tCO2e. On the other hand, the country has a total of 48.1 million hectares of forested land under different management regimes, with a current estimated total of 9.03tCO2e. The estimates imply that Tanzania is a net sink⁵."}, {"bbox": [145, 976, 1085, 1120], "category": "Text", "text": "Given the above, Tanzania's current energy policy efforts are mainly focused on (i) developing power generation capacity and (ii) increasing electricity access and connections in rural areas. The 2019 'Doing Business' report ranks Tanzania as 83rd country worldwide on 'getting electricity', indicating a relatively reliable supply and connection costs and times in line with the regional average."}, {"bbox": [145, 1569, 583, 1591], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ Tanzania 2017-18 Household Budget Survey, June 2019."}, {"bbox": [145, 1591, 539, 1612], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ TANESCO's Grid Control Centre, 14 March 2019."}, {"bbox": [145, 1612, 652, 1634], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ Tanzania Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)."}, {"bbox": [607, 1674, 623, 1696], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "4"}]