[{"bbox": [82, 146, 1167, 633], "category": "Table", "text": "<table><tr><td>External environment</td><td>Risk 2: Climate hazards</td><td>Medium/High</td><td>Medium/High</td><td>Making sure projects have contingency reserves that can be used during crises.</td></tr><tr><td>Legality and regulatory aspects</td><td>Risk 3: Fiduciary risks</td><td>Medium/High</td><td>Medium/High</td><td>Third party monitoring during implementation and making sure all projects have good plans to handle such risks.</td></tr><tr><td>People and the organization</td><td>Risk 4: Lack of agreement on roles and responsibilities of the different layers of Government and other influential actors and institutions</td><td>Medium</td><td>Medium</td><td>Ensuring capacity building elements and coordination with government and influential actors and institutions is included in the design and making sure projects are not relying on good collaboration between different layers of government and other actors and institutions to avoid dependency on this for the success of the project.</td></tr></table>"}, {"bbox": [92, 635, 253, 659], "category": "Section-header", "text": "Lessons Learnt:"}, {"bbox": [92, 679, 1162, 990], "category": "Text", "text": "The previous and ongoing interventions in the social protection sector in Somalia are generating valuable lessons learned that are useful for laying the foundation for this action. The Baxnaano Programme and the SAGAL Project apply different approaches to social protection. While the World Bank funded programme uses poverty targeting and selected its beneficiaries using community committees, the SAGAL Project applies a categorical targeting approach that identifies beneficiaries based on easily identifiable categories such as being pregnant or lactating. The poverty targeting approached used to identify the Baxnaano beneficiaries has demonstrated high levels of exclusion and inclusion errors. This is most likely due to community committees reproducing local patronage structures and exclusion of marginalized communities. In contrast, SAGAL has adopted a lifecycle approach that aims to invest in household and community capital and resilience, while also taking into account Somalia's vulnerability to shocks, which improves the sustainability of the approach. From the SAGAL Project the following lessons have been identified:"}, {"bbox": [130, 1011, 1162, 1144], "category": "List-item", "text": "- Social transfers to pregnant and lactating mothers had a positive influence on healthcare seeking behaviour in the communities. However, the project did not cater for the increase in demand as there was no support to MCHs offered as part of the project despite the fact that the project relied on the clinics for referral of beneficiaries to the social transfer scheme. In addition, communities who might be in even greater need are excluded from the programme if there is no functioning MCH in their area."}, {"bbox": [130, 1144, 1162, 1250], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The social transfers improved access to reliable income for poor families and had a positive effect on household food security, but the transfer value of USD 20 per month primarily went to cover the costs of food for the beneficiaries and their families. The increase in food prices due to the drought and global price hikes likely reduced some of the expected benefits of the transfers."}, {"bbox": [130, 1250, 1162, 1382], "category": "List-item", "text": "- Despite having the ambition to cover the critical first 1,000 days of the beneficiaries' infants, the project only covered 24 months (instead of 33). Past EU funded resilience projects supporting safety nets programmes with a \"cash plus\" approach, showed increased resilience of the targeted communities by engaging in income generating activities and capacity of breaking the dependency cycle from aid cash transfer. Finally, targeted communities were able to retain resilience gains after the end of the project."}, {"bbox": [130, 1382, 1162, 1436], "category": "List-item", "text": "- SAGAL's categorical targeting and lifecycle approach are strongly supported by the communities, including the marginalised groups."}, {"bbox": [130, 1436, 1162, 1541], "category": "List-item", "text": "- SAGAL has been facing operational challenges, including the ability to define adequate transfer values to fulfil its objectives. Transfer values need to be adapted to reflect the objectives of programmes and the changing context for Somali communities and the duration of social transfers should be aligned with graduation pathways, activities, etc."}, {"bbox": [130, 1541, 1162, 1592], "category": "List-item", "text": "- It is imperative to ensure that complementarities across programmes are enhanced to reduce fragmentation in the sector."}, {"bbox": [1026, 1680, 1142, 1704], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 14 of 25"}]