[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1136, 313], "category": "Text", "text": "The socio-economic situation of children and families, already precarious since early 2020, has deteriorated further amid a continued severe and acute economic crisis. Poverty is high and rising, estimated at 57.8% (World Bank). Inflation averaged 359% in 2021 and is expected to remain above 200% on average in 2022. Hyperinflation combined with the end of subsidized goods led to huge erosion of purchasing power of the population, struggling to cater for basic needs of food, transport and shelter. The crisis was compounded by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"bbox": [96, 338, 1136, 420], "category": "Text", "text": "While the country has ratified several international conventions (including CEDAW¹, ICCPR², ICESCR³ and CRPD⁴), implementing their provisions remains a major challenge. Weak institutional capacities obstruct the implementation of policies to protect human rights, especially the basic rights of women and children."}, {"bbox": [96, 444, 1136, 736], "category": "Text", "text": "Furthermore, marginalized groups of society remain vulnerable to being left behind such as PwD. As per Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) of 2022, 14.3 million people needing humanitarian assistance, there are approximately 2.9 million internally displaced people (IDPs), 900,000 returnees, 1.2 million refugees, and 9.3 million crisis-affected or vulnerable residents. Many areas of the country that have historically been marginalized by successive central Governments, including Darfur, the East and the Two Areas (South Kordofan and Blue Nile), saw increased intercommunal conflict in 2021. More than 3 million IDPs live in Sudan, many have for a long time been in camps or in camp-like protracted situation with low access to communal infrastructure and schools. IDPs, refugees, and returnees as well as other internal migrants are particularly vulnerable to impacts of degenerative economic trends, including reduction in purchasing power, service availability and access to livelihoods. Moreover, the continuous economic degradation, coupled with the competition for limited natural resources, has exacerbated forced displacement in Sudan."}, {"bbox": [96, 736, 1136, 1029], "category": "Text", "text": "Sudan is facing an acute food crisis. The 2021/22 cereal crop harvest is estimated to be more than 30% lower than the previous five-year average. For the first time in many years Sudan will have a deficit in sorghum and millet (in addition to the structural deficit in wheat). By September 2022, up to 18 million people would face high levels of acute food insecurity, according to the latest WFP/FAO estimate. With world cereal prices soaring due to the Ukraine war and a shortage of foreign exchange in Sudan there is a risk that food consumption needs may not be fully met. This comes on the background of already widespread malnutrition among children 3 million children being acutely malnourished, and a projected 650,000 children suffer from severe acute malnutrition. In rural locations, limited access to land for farming further increases refugees' and IDPs reliance on food assistance, necessitating continued humanitarian aid. Moreover, the WFP announced 50% food assistance ration cut for refugees who arrived more than 2 years ago, as of June 2022. This will undoubtedly exacerbate malnutrition for refugees living camps or outside camp settings."}, {"bbox": [96, 1053, 1136, 1188], "category": "Text", "text": "Sudan has been for many years among the food insecure countries. About 45.7 percent of Sudanese aged between 15 and 64 years suffered from malnutrition during their childhood. Since 2019, Sudan figures among the 10 most food insecure countries in the world. In 2020, according to the Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan 2020, 6.2 million people were food insecure. In 2021, the end of subsidies on flour and fuel as well as other economic reforms have led to a sharp price increase of food commodities."}, {"bbox": [96, 1212, 1136, 1503], "category": "Text", "text": "Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Report of June 2022 indicates that around 11.7 million people across Sudan were highly food insecure and classified in Crisis (IPC Phase 3 or worse) from April to May 2022. This includes 3.1 million people in IPC Phase 4 (Emergency) and 8.6 million in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis). The prevalence of the population in IPC Phase 3 and above has moved from 13% (October 2021 – February 2022) to 20% (April-May 2022) to 24% (June-September 2022), driven by a plummeting economy, poor harvests and conflict. Northern (36%), Western (42%) and Central Darfur (35%) host the highest caseload of IPC Phase 3 and Phase 4 during the projection people from June to September 2022. The most affected groups are internally displaced people (IDPs), returnees, those stranded in conflict areas, refugees from South Sudan, Ethiopia, and other neighbouring countries, and poor groups from agro-pastoral and pastoral communities in rural areas of Western, Eastern and Northern Sudan, whose livelihoods are directly affected by the impact of lean season and macroeconomic crises."}, {"bbox": [86, 1549, 639, 1573], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹ Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women"}, {"bbox": [86, 1573, 532, 1597], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"}, {"bbox": [86, 1597, 635, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"}, {"bbox": [86, 1621, 546, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities"}, {"bbox": [1037, 1681, 1145, 1707], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 26"}]