[{"bbox": [85, 154, 323, 186], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [100, 220, 249, 247], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [98, 267, 336, 292], "category": "Section-header", "text": "Public Policy Assessment"}, {"bbox": [97, 305, 1134, 437], "category": "Text", "text": "According to the Basic Law of the Education System, the Technical-Vocational Education system in Angola is made up of two distinct subsystems: Technical Education (TE), under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education (Ministério da Educação - MED), and Vocational Training (VT), under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Administration, Labour and Social Security (Ministério da Administração Pública, Trabalho e Segurança Social - MAPTSS)."}, {"bbox": [97, 450, 1134, 557], "category": "Text", "text": "TE is included in formal secondary education and is divided into two cycles: Basic Technical Education (BTE), which lasts 3 years and is accessible after the 6th year of compulsory education, conferring equivalence to the 9th year; and Secondary Technical Education, which also lasts 3 years and is accessible after BTE or the 9th year of general education, conferring equivalence to the 12th year, thus allowing access to higher education."}, {"bbox": [97, 569, 1134, 729], "category": "Text", "text": "VT is essentially aimed at the continuous training and re-training of young people and adults, promoting and facilitating their integration into the labour market. It does not give access to formal higher education, but it results in a professional certification. VT courses are categorised into four levels and vary in length, from 3 to 9 months at lower levels (I and II) and from 1 to 3 years at higher levels (III and IV). Angola's BTE policy is regulated by different legal documents and widely recognises the crucial importance of human capital development for the country's economic development and diversification."}, {"bbox": [97, 741, 1134, 874], "category": "Text", "text": "Advanced vocational training, such as the 13th and 14th levels, is of great importance and frequently requested by companies, as these advanced qualifications are essential to meet the needs of the modern labour market. Advanced training not only meets the business demand for specific skills but also contributes to creating a more efficient and innovative working environment, boosting the national economy and promoting sustainable development and green skills development."}, {"bbox": [97, 886, 399, 912], "category": "Section-header", "text": "Teaching situation and problems"}, {"bbox": [97, 924, 1134, 1111], "category": "Text", "text": "Angola has one of the fastest demographic growth rates in the world¹⁷. However, this demographic dividend is not capitalised due to the lack of access to quality education and the low job-creation rate. The youth unemployment rate is almost 50% higher than the national unemployment average (22% vs. 15%)¹⁸. Individuals between 15 and 34 years old represent 83% of the unemployed¹⁹. Employment is highly concentrated in the informal sector. In 2023²⁰, 80.5% of employees were in informal employment with a gender gap (72.2% for working men and 88.5% for working women). Women earn lower wages (in 2021²¹ women earned on average 70% of what men earned per month)."}, {"bbox": [97, 1123, 1134, 1256], "category": "Text", "text": "The socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on jobs and education exacerbated the five-year-long contraction of the Angolan economy, in addition to persistent social deprivation. Before the pandemic, 44.2% of the population lived in multidimensional poverty²². In 65 of Angola's 164 municipalities, more than 90% of the local population lived in multidimensional poverty. In addition, around 77% of children under the age of 18 were multidimensionally poor²³."}, {"bbox": [97, 1268, 1134, 1348], "category": "Text", "text": "Angola lags behind neighbouring countries in several critical areas of youth development such as employment, education, health, equality, inclusion, peace and security. The country is ranked 171st out of 183 countries in the 2023 Global Youth Development Index²⁴."}, {"bbox": [87, 1428, 536, 1451], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ https: In 2021, 78% of Angolans were under 35 years old."}, {"bbox": [87, 1451, 925, 1494], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁸https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099210502232360806/p174737020b1d101709def0fd1e971879f0 (accessed 27/06/2024)"}, {"bbox": [87, 1494, 925, 1537], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁹https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099210502232360806/p174737020b1d101709def0fd1e971879f0 (accessed 27/06/2024)"}, {"bbox": [87, 1537, 856, 1560], "category": "Footnote", "text": "20 //www.ine.gov ao/Arquivos/arquivosCarregados//Carregados/Publicacao_638386203777972813.pdf"}, {"bbox": [87, 1560, 422, 1581], "category": "Footnote", "text": "21 https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/country-profiles/"}, {"bbox": [87, 1581, 1046, 1604], "category": "Footnote", "text": "22 https://www.mppn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IPM_Angola_Ver_Final_28_7_2020_Dir_INE.pdf (accessed 27/06/2024)"}, {"bbox": [87, 1604, 187, 1623], "category": "Footnote", "text": "23 INE, 2022."}, {"bbox": [87, 1624, 830, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁴ Global Youth Development Index Update Report 2023 | Commonwealth (thecommonwealth.org)"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 30"}]