[{"bbox": [155, 153, 1121, 839], "category": "Text", "text": "Marginalisation, exclusion and a lack of meaningful opportunities has led to grievances, which are broadly viewed as a combustible precursor for violence and violent extremism. Responses focused on security only, which neglect positive interactions with concerned communities, can contribute to grievances that ultimately drive conflict. This intervention aims to provide support to communities and government agencies in creating new opportunities and building stronger relationships which will result in a more peaceful and resilient society. To date, the Government of Kenya has not yet put in place a formal strategy to better manage and address tensions generated by actual or perceived marginalisation of communities. However, the Government of Kenya has taken positive steps to rebuild trust with its citizens by addressing their development needs and creating equal economic opportunities. The devolution of authority to the counties following the 2010 Constitution puts substantial responsibility for development to the counties. This intervention aims to directly support such efforts and generate new evidence, which will strengthen policy making and result in improved peace and development in marginalised regions. Community actors are best placed to strengthen resilience, as they are closest to, and understand, the challenges in more detail. Local actors understand what drives recruitment and radicalisation to violent extremism in their communities and may have some of the solutions, but are often unable to access the funding they need to start to make a difference. Local P/CVE initiatives may be overlooked by traditional development funding, or they may lack the capacity to access and manage international donor funds where they are available. Communities need to fill this funding gap in a sound and sustainable manner, including investing in building the capacity of local initiatives to better serve their communities, to improve their potential to access and manage donor funds in the future, and to secure innovative partnerships that reinforce their stability. The intervention planned at community level will proactively engage across all activity areas wider society as represented by civil society organisations, including non-governmental organisations and community-based organisations such as youth organisations, movements and networks, women's and human rights organizations."}, {"bbox": [194, 852, 805, 880], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### (3) Strengthening the resilience of the cybersecurity ecosystem"}, {"bbox": [155, 893, 1121, 1179], "category": "Text", "text": "Kenya identifies cybersecurity as a national economic and security challenge. The most prevalent cybersecurity challenges in Kenya include exploitation of the new operating environment by adversaries to conduct disruptive operations on critical infrastructure. KE-CIRT, the institute responsible for national-level cyber incident detection and response, has noted a significant growth in the total threats detected, from 23 million in 2018 to 110 million in 2020. KE-CIRT statistics for the second quarter of 2021 show that ransomware, malware, and phishing attacks are the most common cybersecurity risks. This upward trend can be attributed to the rise in impersonation, online fraud, and online abuse cases arising from increased internet access and use. Data breaches, theft of proprietary information, financial damage, reputational loss, equipment destruction, distributed denial of service, illegal access to vital systems, and theft of personally identifiable information are all consequences of these attacks."}, {"bbox": [155, 1192, 1121, 1563], "category": "Text", "text": "Most ICT users in Kenya have prioritised efficiency, cost and convenience while overlooking security during development and implementation. Interconnected ICTs have inherent vendor/manufacturer vulnerabilities that can be exploited by adversaries and expose Kenyan citizens, businesses and government to global threats. The Kenyan government recognises the **ICT sector as a key contributor and enabler in the attainment of the Vision 2030** to transform Kenya into a digital economy. Guided by key policy documents including the Digital Economy Blueprint, National ICT Policy and National Digital Masterplan, the ICT sector has continued to be a key contributor to the GDP and source of national economic growth. Kenya has adopted the National Cybersecurity Strategy in 2022, which provides direction for a unified approach in the implementation of cyber security for the public and private sector. Completed with a roadmap for implementation, the National Cybersecurity Strategy provides a conducive policy avenue for the implementation. Furthermore, Kenya enacted the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes ACT -2018, which is currently the overarching law for protection of Critical Infrastructures and management of cybercrime in Kenya."}, {"bbox": [1008, 1667, 1115, 1691], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 26"}]