[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1135, 367], "category": "Text", "text": "consultation and cooperation through an intergovernmental relations framework. The objects of devolution include to decentralize power, establish self-governance and enhance democracy, improve service delivery and accountability, equitable sharing of national resources and development of marginalized communities. Counties deliver services to citizens based on their Constitutional functions. Devolution has brought government and services much closer to the people, paving the way for improved quality and better tailored services to meet the needs of citizens if managed better. It has so far helped in lowering the country's fragility index significantly. By rebalancing the stakes of elections between national and local levels, devolution was a key pacifying factor in the 2017 and 2022 general elections."}, {"bbox": [96, 390, 1135, 735], "category": "Text", "text": "**Public sector reforms have resulted in significant gains over the past two decades.** In 2003, the Government of Kenya adopted the Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS) for Wealth and Employment Creation. The ERS identified poor implementation of economic policies and mismanagement, and weak institutions of governance as the main reasons for deterioration in quality of life of Kenyans in the preceding decades. The Strategy set the platform for reforms that culminated into promulgation of the Constitution in 2010 setting dawn for deepening good governance. Specifically, the implementation of reforms including institutionalising of performance-based management practices in the public service, led to enhanced efficiency, transparency and accountability in service delivery. Through further institutionalising of reforms, the Constitution established the Public Service Commission responsible for, among others, promoting values and principles of public service. Through performance management reforms, 17 tools have been developed and implemented. Notably, the reforms have led to improved service delivery including consolidation of public services under \"one-stop-shop\" approaches e.g., Huduma Centre, e-Citizen, among others. Since 2013, there are significant gains realised in strengthening county systems to deliver devolved services."}, {"bbox": [96, 759, 1135, 922], "category": "Text", "text": "**The new Government elected in 2022 has committed that it will be citizen-centric through implementation of a bottom-up driven economic model to deliver services to the citizens.** In organising government aimed at accountable service delivery, the President issued Executive Order No 1 of 2023 that, among others, established the State Department of Performance and Delivery Management. The Department is responsible for performance and delivery management functions, specifically, supervising the technical monitoring and evaluation of Government policies."}, {"bbox": [96, 944, 1135, 1185], "category": "Text", "text": "In November 2019, the Salaries and Remuneration Commission convened a national conference to identify and address problems associated with the surging public wage bill and unproductive public service. Among the resolutions, was the need for a new wave of performance management required for the attainment of transformation and increase in labour productivity to propel the country to high-growth trajectory and enhance prosperity. The President approved the conference's resolutions on 21 March 2020 paving way for implementation, including development of the **Kenya Integrated Performance Management Policy (KIPMP)**. The policy aims to streamline and standardise public sector performance management at both the National and County Government levels. The policy will not only act as a framework for performance management but also form a basis for monitoring the delivery of promises in the 47 County Economic Charters that the Presidency is committed to."}, {"bbox": [96, 1208, 1135, 1422], "category": "Text", "text": "The process of unbundling and costing the Constitutional functions of the County Governments has however not been concluded since 2010. Consequently, these functions have been underfunded while the national government continues to budget for and perform several devolved functions. Further, county governments continue to lag in enacting policies and legislation for effective performance of county functions among them **own source revenue** and **public participation**. The Constitution provides that at least 15% of nationally generated revenues based on the most recently approved accounts by the National Assembly should be transferred to the counties. However, there has been evidence of delayed transfer of equitable share of revenue to Counties since 2013 that has affected effective service delivery."}, {"bbox": [96, 1433, 1135, 1567], "category": "Text", "text": "The Constitution also empowers County Governments to raise revenue from specific taxes and user fees including property rates, entertainment taxes and any other taxes they are authorised to impose by an Act of Parliament. Since 2013, the equitable share has been the main source of funding for all the counties. Counties' own source revenue (OSR) together with equitable share transfers finance county budgets, however there is a high dependency on the transfers from National Government whose disbursement often delay and hence disrupt service delivery."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 24"}]