[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1135, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "(46%), vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change affecting productivity, water supply and loss of biodiversity.¹⁷"}, {"bbox": [96, 218, 1135, 538], "category": "Text", "text": "The triple burden of malnutrition which maintains communities trapped in inter-generational cycles of poverty, requires an integrated approach involving relevant sectors such as social protection and education. These actions need to target vulnerable communities affected by the phenomenon with priority given to children and women and girls. Most probably, malnourished children will see their learning abilities reduced due to cognitive impairment, limiting their productivity and income potential when they reach adulthood¹⁸. Malnutrition - particularly maternal and child undernutrition - is the greatest risk factor driving the most death and disability combined in the country and presents an important development challenge and high public health risk¹⁹. Malnutrition can be prevented by ensuring adequate nutrition in the first 1,000 days - maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Optimal breastfeeding in the first two years of life together with nutritious, diverse, and safe foods in early childhood has proven to reduce malnutrition. In addition, the quality of food, especially for children of school age and adolescents, and a healthy environment, including access to essential health, water, hygiene, and sanitation services, contribute to reducing malnutrition.²⁰"}, {"bbox": [96, 548, 1135, 816], "category": "Text", "text": "The 2021 WFP country portfolio evaluation has identified implementation issues affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of the School Feeding Programme and made recommendations to address the quality and sustainability of the programme, by undertaking a comprehensive strategic review of the SFP, to map out a sustainable approach. It was also recommended that Government should lead inclusive multi-stakeholder approach to map out a sustainable pathway and lead the priority from all the partners that supporting the education and social protection sector strategies of Timor Leste. Another recommendation was to improve the quality of monitoring and evaluation, both of programme delivery and of its results, to meet the minimum standards required for assessing programme delivery and results. Late submissions of reports due to a lack of functionality of the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system in place, as well as the need for capacity building of staff, have hindered the adequate implementation of the School Feeding Programme, to the extent of affecting budget transfer to the municipalities."}, {"bbox": [96, 826, 1135, 904], "category": "Text", "text": "The MoEYS faces difficulty in ensuring that the cash for local purchases reaches schools, and in managing the logistics involved, including late distribution of rice, late transfer of money and/or unavailability of foods in local markets."}, {"bbox": [96, 918, 1135, 1105], "category": "Text", "text": "Another challenge is related to the limited availability of water, which hinders the delivery of quality services in health facilities and schools. Ensuring access to safe water is key to delivering quality services at schools, communities, and health facilities. Gains in sanitation beyond open defecation-free (ODF) towards “basic” and “safely managed” levels can be sustained only if water and other good practices are in place. Evidence shows that the sustainability of collective sanitation outcomes will also depend on the incorporation of other critical sanitation factors, namely institutional sanitation, improved handwashing with soap, solid and liquid waste management, and safe water management."}, {"bbox": [96, 1116, 1135, 1304], "category": "Text", "text": "Key findings of a Review of 16 Mid-Term Evaluations of USAID-funded Food Security Development Programmes from 2015-2020, ²¹indicated that “*There was often poor understanding of the importance of the 1,000-day approach and how different interventions, e.g. food distribution to pregnant and lactating women (PLW), Care Group learning, cooking demonstrations, etc., were all linked together to achieve a common nutrition end. There were many recommendations related to the training and strengthening of community nutrition and health volunteers*”. Nevertheless, coordination mechanisms to strengthen response and accountability mechanisms for a multisectoral response to malnutrition remains a challenge."}, {"bbox": [96, 1315, 1074, 1370], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [86, 1500, 924, 1526], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ Timor Leste SDG2 Consolidated national Action Plan For Nutrition And Food Security, July 2021"}, {"bbox": [86, 1524, 1145, 1572], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁸ Neurodevelopmental, cognitive, behavioural, and mental health impairments following childhood malnutrition: a systematic review, Amir Kirolos, 2022"}, {"bbox": [86, 1572, 813, 1598], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁹ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation : https://www.healthdata.org/Timor Leste"}, {"bbox": [86, 1597, 924, 1622], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁰ Timor Leste SDG2 Consolidated national Action Plan For Nutrition And Food Security, July 2021"}, {"bbox": [86, 1621, 1065, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²¹ Mid-Term Evaluations of USAID-funded Food Security Development Programmes from 2015-2020, October 2020"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1145, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 23"}]