[{"bbox": [83, 106, 1147, 161], "category": "Text", "text": "and negative impacts of climate change on these resources, affects women more than men, especially in rural areas, and exacerbates their poverty¹⁸."}, {"bbox": [83, 184, 1147, 293], "category": "Text", "text": "Zambia is considered a stable lower middle-income (LMIC) and is striving to progress into a prosperous middle-income nation by 2030¹⁹. Despite impressive growth rates in the last decade, Zambia continues to struggle to translate economic growth into human development. It has high-income inequality, with over 50% living below USD 1.90 per day poverty line."}, {"bbox": [83, 318, 641, 345], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Climate Change and Low Carbon Resilient Development"}, {"bbox": [83, 344, 1147, 478], "category": "Text", "text": "Zambia is vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change²⁰ and has witnessed an increased intensity of temperature range²¹, and extreme weather events with many emergency situations caused by flash and riverine floods and droughts spells. Climate projections point at increasing extreme weather and climate variability with concerns about water security and its effects on agriculture, human health, ecosystem services, and energy security. Inadequate infrastructure and a largely rural and poor population make Zambia highly vulnerable to climate-related hazards²²."}, {"bbox": [83, 503, 1147, 690], "category": "Text", "text": "Zambia's leadership on climate change issues has been progressively more recognised at international fora, particularly with Zambia's appointment as Chair of the African Group of Negotiators (AGN) at Climate Conference of the Parties (COP)26 (2021)²³. At COP27 (2022), Zambia was among the first countries to sign with the EU a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for Forest Partnership to ensure sustainable forest management, improved forest governance, enhanced business environment for an economic transformation, and promotion of human and social development²⁴. In 2023, Zambia joined the EU and other 25 partner countries in the launch of the \"Coalition of Trade Ministers on Climate\" at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting²⁵."}, {"bbox": [83, 714, 1147, 982], "category": "Text", "text": "The GRZ considers its NDC²⁶ as a roadmap for a low carbon and climate resilient development. It has committed to reduce carbon dioxide emission by 25% (20,000MtCO2e) using domestic resources but with ambition to reach 47% (38 MtCO2eq) with substantial international support by 2030²⁷. Zambia estimated GHG emissions account to only 0.02% of the total global emissions²⁸ with Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) as a source of emissions rather than a sink. Agriculture followed by energy is the main sector causing GHG emissions²⁹. The 2021 NDC submission expanded to six sectors, adding transport, liquid waste and coal to sustainable forest management, sustainable agriculture, and renewable energy & energy efficiency. The NDC presents synergies between mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly in climate-smart agriculture and sustainable forest management, and with adaptation actions in water resource management and conservation and wildlife. Zambia's climate change commitments call for an integrated and inclusive approach to support a low-carbon and climate-resilient pathways."}, {"bbox": [83, 1007, 1147, 1088], "category": "Text", "text": "The GRZ, and in particular the MoGEE tasked with the overall co-ordination and oversight and mainstreaming of climate change in national development planning processes, has embarked in a number of reforms to boost progress on the climate agenda, economic transformation and job creation in line with the 8NDP and NDC, and to increase"}, {"bbox": [72, 1121, 1157, 1166], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁸ Zambia Climate Change Gender Action Plan. Available at: https://genderandenvironment.org/zambia-climate-change-gender-action-plan-ccgap-report/#:~:text=The%20objective%20of%20the%20ccGAP,equally%20from%20climate%20change%20initiatives."}, {"bbox": [72, 1165, 687, 1187], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁹ https://www.zambiaembassy.org/sites/default/files/documents/Vision_2030.pdf"}, {"bbox": [72, 1186, 1157, 1230], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁰ Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources (2007) National Adaptation Programme of Action. Available at: https://www.adaptation-undp.org/resources/assessments-and-background-documents/zambia-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa"}, {"bbox": [72, 1229, 1157, 1273], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²¹ Zambia Vulnerability assessment committee (2015). In-depth Vulnerability and needs assessment report. Available at: https://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp278614.pdf"}, {"bbox": [72, 1273, 1119, 1339], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²² The Republic of Zambia. Third National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionsStaging/NationalReports/Documents/1678320_Zambia-NC3-1-Third%20National%20Communication%20-%20Zambia.pdf. Retrieved January 2023."}, {"bbox": [72, 1338, 404, 1360], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²³ Appointment for 2 years term 2022-2023."}, {"bbox": [72, 1359, 1157, 1403], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁴ European Commission. 2022. COP27: EU launches Forest Partnerships with five partner countries. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_6653. Retrieved in December 2022."}, {"bbox": [72, 1402, 1157, 1489], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁵ Trade and Climate: EU and partner countries launch the 'Coalition of Trade Ministers on Climate' (Press release). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_23_248. This was the first Ministerial-level global forum dedicated to trade, climate and sustainable development issues to foster global action to promote trade policies that can help address climate change through local and global initiatives"}, {"bbox": [72, 1489, 1157, 1555], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁶ Zambia's NDC sectors include sustainable agriculture, sustainable forest management, renewable energy and energy efficiency, transport, liquid waste and coal. Zambia First NDC (Updated Submission), 30/07/2021. Available at: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf."}, {"bbox": [72, 1555, 1157, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁷ Substantial international support means adequate international resources, both bilateral and multilateral support estimated at USD $ 35 Billion. Zambia First NDC (Updated Submission), 30/07/2021. Available at: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf."}, {"bbox": [72, 1620, 1141, 1642], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁸ GRZ (2016) Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC186737/"}, {"bbox": [72, 1641, 810, 1663], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁹ GRZ (2020) Third National Communication. Available at: https://unfccc.int/documents/254196"}, {"bbox": [1051, 1664, 1157, 1688], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 24"}]