[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1134, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "to land and technology. A UN Women study furthermore estimates that closing the gender gap in agricultural productivity has the potential to take more than 1 million people out of poverty in Ethiopia⁵."}, {"bbox": [96, 217, 1134, 458], "category": "Text", "text": "The EU has traditionally been a major partner in supporting food security and basic social protection in rural areas, through programmes such as “Resilience Building in Ethiopia” and the “Productive Safety Nets Programme”. Recognising the lead role of the agriculture sector in the economy, the EU is also a major player in supporting the agricultural transformation and climate change mainstreaming. This Action will continue this integrated approach in line with the four pillars of the EU-wide policy framework⁶ for food security and nutrition. This will in turn also contribute to the health and education status of the population, as there is evidence of the strong link with basic disposable income (and the possibility to cover out-of-pocket expenditures), secure food supply, and adequate nutrition. In addition, restoring the livelihood activities on land, this action has a substantial impact in limiting rural migration flows."}, {"bbox": [96, 468, 1134, 841], "category": "Text", "text": "A key strategy to protect rural livelihoods in a food insecure context is the PSNP programme, which has evolved through several phases, witnessing significant expansion and important improvements in its design and implementation over the years. The EU has supported PSNP since 2005. The programme provides food and/or cash transfers to the extreme poor and food insecure households in chronically food insecure Woredas. These transfers will benefit both vulnerable people able to engage in labour-intensive public works as well as most vulnerable individuals (i.e. PWD, women head of household, elderly) who receive unconditional direct support. Women and girls are among the most vulnerable groups in terms of nutrition, particularly pregnant-lactating mothers, adolescent girls, infants and young female children. Vulnerable groups also include people with disabilities, whose number is expected to increase as a result of the conflict. Building on the lessons learned from PSNP4 (2015–2020) and the historical evolution of the programme, the new PSNP 5 will continue to focus on building resilience of the extreme poor and vulnerable. The programme aligns with the government’s 10-year strategic development plan and directly contributes to the realisation of three of the strategic directions: ensuring quality economic growth, ensuring that women and youth are properly benefitting, and building a climate change resilient green economy."}, {"bbox": [96, 852, 1134, 1013], "category": "Text", "text": "The present Action is fully consistent and aligned with European Commission policies, objectives and priorities. The action is aligned to the European Consensus for Development⁷, the Gender Action Plan III, the EU Disability Rights Strategy 2021-2030⁸, the EU vision of the future Africa-EU partnership as per its Communication “Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa”⁹. Finally, it also contributes to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through SDG 1 (no poverty) and SDG 2 (zero hunger), which is also closely linked to SDG 5 (gender equality)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1038, 340, 1070], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [96, 1083, 317, 1111], "category": "Text", "text": "Short problem analysis:"}, {"bbox": [96, 1121, 1134, 1282], "category": "Text", "text": "Amid conflict and drought, Ethiopia faces one of the world’s most extreme food security crises, in addition to increased poverty levels and exacerbated vulnerabilities. Conflict affected areas in northern Ethiopia remain of greatest concern, where large consumption deficits and movement of population in line with emergency outcome are widespread, with an estimated 2.4 million people classified IPC Phase 4 and 5¹⁰. In addition, millions of households typically market reliant are affected by the recent high food price inflation (about 60% since March 2020), which further reduces their access to food mostly in areas far from the food production areas."}, {"bbox": [96, 1293, 1134, 1427], "category": "Text", "text": "Women play a crucial role in food security in Ethiopia and at the same time are one of the most vulnerable groups if the access to food is hindered. Although men are perceived as the breadwinner, food security of the households is the responsibility of women. Household responsibilities also render women more vulnerable to external shocks, including natural hazards like droughts that can exacerbate the family’s food insecurity and related health problems, including malnutrition, when women are the main caretakers."}, {"bbox": [85, 1500, 876, 1525], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ UN Women (2018) Study Report: The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia."}, {"bbox": [85, 1525, 964, 1550], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ 2018 Council Conclusions on ‘Strengthening global food and nutrition security’ (14554/18, 26/11/2018)"}, {"bbox": [85, 1550, 311, 1573], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ OJ C210 of 30 June 2017"}, {"bbox": [85, 1573, 416, 1597], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ COM(2021) 101 final, 03 March 2021"}, {"bbox": [85, 1597, 396, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ JOIN(2020) 4 final, 09 March 2020"}, {"bbox": [85, 1621, 746, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ Integrated Food Security Phased Classification, June 2021 IPC release, FAO."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1680, 1143, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 22"}]