[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1134, 233], "category": "Text", "text": "Civil Society Organisations (CSO) roadmap, ensuring that their role in decision making processes related to land use, natural resources and economic development is taken into account by national authorities in the design and the implementation of the relevant policies."}, {"bbox": [96, 243, 1134, 378], "category": "Text", "text": "Interventions will take a multi-sectorial approach whenever possible and will be implemented in complementarity. This initiative will notably be coordinated with the existing Team Europe initiative on sustainable cities by targeting major ecosystems around already supported cities (such as Pemba and Tanga) and seek complementary interventions. It will also take into account the forthcoming regional Western Indian Ocean Blue Economy programme (AAP 2023) involving several countries of the Western Indian Ocean."}, {"bbox": [85, 392, 340, 423], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [96, 438, 1134, 599], "category": "Text", "text": "Green job creation, climate change adaptation and biodiversity conservation are priorities for both the EU and Tanzania. Climate change is affecting businesses and the livelihoods of coastal local communities which are already among the poorest in the country, and contribute to the deterioration of the coastal ecosystems of Tanzania. Prominent environmental challenges include floods, sea-level rise, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, fresh water scarcity, pollution and land use/cover changes, with an inadequate adaptive capacity of rural communities and of urban centers to the impacts of climate change."}, {"bbox": [96, 610, 1134, 769], "category": "Text", "text": "In that context, communities living in islands and coastal areas, including urban centers, need to access opportunities for jobs and more sustainable income generating activities, in coastal and marine economic sectors such as fisheries/mariculture, tourism, renewable energy, forestry, and other agricultural value chains. There are also business opportunities deriving from the ocean and coastal ressources, and it is therefore essential to support a shift towards businesses that are more ressources efficient and enable conservation, including through circular economy⁹."}, {"bbox": [96, 781, 1134, 968], "category": "Text", "text": "The programme needs to verify preliminary findings and to explore the real potential of the Blue Economy sector by carrying out marine spatial planning, fish stock assessments, ecosystems inventories and also market analysis to understand where an intervention would have the greatest leverage. On that basis the aim will be to improve coastal and marine productions and services to generate better revenues by accessing new markets while respecting the environment. Issues related to production quality, high trade costs, limited standards compliance or poor competitiveness are among the difficulties met by economic actors in the coastal area, which the Blue Economy programme could support overcoming."}, {"bbox": [96, 979, 1134, 1166], "category": "Text", "text": "The sector of tourism which represents 10.7% of the country's GDP (second largest contributor to national GDP) and 11.1% of the country's total employment plays an important role as regard proverty alleviation and job creation in particular for women who represent 72% of workers in this sector. However as it relies mainly on natural resources and ecosystems through the coast, the sea, parks, reserves, forest and conservation areas, it is also very much exposed to climate change impacts and needs to be supported towards a more sustainable business model. The Covid 19 outbreak had also severely impacted the economy and the workers, and a support to the recovery plan for the sector should be part of the activities proposed."}, {"bbox": [96, 1177, 1134, 1496], "category": "Text", "text": "Therefore in a limited and fragile space that is the object of competing activities at the detriment of the environment, it is important to support a healthy and productive ocean and coastal ecosystem and the conservation and sustainable use of its resources, the investment in durable solutions to limit pollution and to protect the coastal area and prepare the coastal population to adapt to climate change impacts, the promotion of a tourism that is respectful of the environment, encourage nature conservation and promote cultural heritage, the launch of renewable offshore energies, and the development of value chains that aim at better quality production, contribute to food security and improved nutrition and added value for the local communities and businesses, and that preserve resources for future generations in a context of an important demographic growth and an increased pressure on the natural resources. This will also address some of the root causes of migration. This programme will first deliver on the Green Deals priority area, but it will also contribute to the human capital and employment, as well as governance priorities. In that perspective, women empowerment and participation in the Blue Economy will be strenghtend in order to reduce inequalities in the distribution of revenues."}, {"bbox": [85, 1546, 1142, 1619], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ A circular economy aims to maintain the value of products, materials and resources for as long as possible by returning them into the product cycle at the end of their use, while minimising the generation of waste. The fewer products we discard, the less materials we extract, the better for our environment."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 36"}]