[{"bbox": [82, 102, 1147, 183], "category": "Text", "text": "to the dramatic increase in the *qat* production over the past two decades. For rural households in Yemen whose livelihoods are mainly based on agriculture (estimated at nearly seventy percent), a decrease or loss in their cultivated land and water resources can have significant consequences on their livelihood strategies."}, {"bbox": [82, 182, 1147, 474], "category": "Text", "text": "In 2010, a desk review, update and mapping of livelihoods was done as a first step to more comprehensive livelihoods baseline profiling. However, after the war the profiling exercise proved more challenging. To date, it is still unclear how the dynamics of war, physical and social processes, and changes in land use practices have influenced households' livelihood systems and strategies. Understanding livelihoods is the first step towards a better understanding of the national food system, and through the lens of livelihood profiles, we understand the needs of women, men, girls and boys better and therefore, decisions are based on specific needs. Working on resilient, inclusive and sustainable food systems is key to addressing and preventing food crises and the first step is to understand the daily livelihood practices of Yemenis in order to build sustainable food systems. More broadly, livelihood profiles will provide decision and policy-makers with new methods to characterise livelihood dynamics and to monitor some of the key Sustainable Development Goals: food security (SDG2), employment dynamics (SDG8), inequalities (SDG10) and sustainability of communities (SDG11)."}, {"bbox": [82, 499, 1147, 634], "category": "Text", "text": "The programme will also indirectly contribute to address the **Priority Area 2 Promoting Peace and Security** as there is a proven link between the conflict and food security on the one hand, and related food security policies and interventions to enhance resilience, on the other. Given the centrality of food insecurity to conflict, food security should be addressed as the highest priority because it is not only expected to support economic development but also may help in preventing conflicts.¹¹"}, {"bbox": [82, 634, 1147, 687], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:**"}, {"bbox": [82, 687, 1147, 739], "category": "Text", "text": "**Community development committee and villages cooperative councils:** community elected representatives and community level bodies"}, {"bbox": [82, 739, 680, 767], "category": "Text", "text": "**NGOs:** implementing partners and facilitators of the programme."}, {"bbox": [82, 767, 1147, 846], "category": "Text", "text": "**Governorate and district authorities:** district councils and administrative units including the executive office at governorate and district levels. They develop and implement district economic and social development plans that have a direct impact on the service delivery and social protection."}, {"bbox": [82, 846, 1147, 899], "category": "Text", "text": "**Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation:** the Ministry is responsible for agriculture development and improve the food security in the country. The Ministry has a large network of technicians and extension agents across the country."}, {"bbox": [82, 899, 532, 926], "category": "Text", "text": "**Ministry of Water Resources and Environment.**"}, {"bbox": [82, 926, 1147, 978], "category": "Text", "text": "**Water use associations (WUAs):** Group of farmers supervising the main activities related to water and irrigation at the community level."}, {"bbox": [82, 978, 1006, 1005], "category": "Text", "text": "**Business community:** Private sector has a key role in revitalisation and recovery of local economies."}, {"bbox": [82, 1005, 1147, 1085], "category": "Text", "text": "**Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation:** will play an active role in monitoring and evaluation of the programme and manages the FSTS to enhance the collection, analysis, dissemination and management of food security information in order to support evidence-based decision making and policy and programming action."}, {"bbox": [82, 1085, 1147, 1217], "category": "Text", "text": "**FSTS:** The FSTS is among the key institutions in the FSIS governance structure. Due to the current operating environment and the presence of two government structures, the project is obliged to establish and support two FSTS branches in Sana'a and Aden. The two FSTS branches consisting staff seconded from key Ministries is the government structure that is responsible for the coordination and delivery of the Food Security Information System outputs."}, {"bbox": [82, 1217, 1013, 1244], "category": "Text", "text": "**Civil Aviation and Meteorological Authority:** is a key player in strengthening Early Warning System"}, {"bbox": [82, 1244, 1147, 1295], "category": "Text", "text": "**Yemen's Central Statistical Organization:** in charge of sample design and provision of sample units for field assessment."}, {"bbox": [82, 1295, 1147, 1349], "category": "Text", "text": "**Food Security and Agriculture Cluster:** has the mandate for the coordination, integration and advocacy of emergency and longer term food security, nutrition and agriculture interventions."}, {"bbox": [82, 1349, 1147, 1562], "category": "Text", "text": "Additional stakeholders also include the EU Directorate General for Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO), the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC), and international organisations (UN agencies such as FAO, WFP, WMO, UNEP, UN ESCWA, OCHA and IFRC) and in particular their specialized initiatives/centres such as the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region (RICCAR à responsible for the Regional Climate Outlook Forum), Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre New Delhi (for tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean), Red Cross Climate Centre, GDACS, to complement the Civil Aviation and Meteorological Authority/Yemen Meteorological Service, which may not always have sufficient capacity to provide the required historical and real-time information."}, {"bbox": [72, 1614, 1088, 1641], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ *How to build resilience to conflict, the role of food security*, International Food Policy Research Institute, October 2014"}, {"bbox": [1050, 1641, 1157, 1665], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 21"}]