[{"bbox": [83, 104, 1147, 159], "category": "Text", "text": "clear, sound, sustainable models for RE and EE investment, including in PPP ventures, and the technical capacity to\nbring them to market, and promoting EU and its Member States' role in Nepal's energy transition."}, {"bbox": [83, 170, 1147, 593], "category": "Text", "text": "The action is in line with the priorities set by EU policies and actions plans and the overarching EU Green Deal, which promote energy efficiency while supplying clean, affordable and secure energy further decarbonizing the energy system to reach climate objectives: EU action plan on Towards a Zero Pollution Ambition for Air, Water and Soil, Building a Healthier Planet for Healthier People, and the new Circular Economy Action Plan, including the updated European Bioeconomy Strategy 2012. The action will also contribute towards the EU's objectives set by the Gender Action Plan III (2021-2025).), in particular addressing the green transition and the digital transformation, and economic empowerment. The action contributes to SDGs 1 (no poverty), 5 (gender equality), 7 (affordable and clean energy), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), 12 (responsible consumption and production), 13 (climate action), and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Concerning Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), the energy sector has a knowledge gap, particularly about (i) how social inequities influence the outcomes in energy projects; (ii) what the differential needs of men, women, and socially excluded groups are; and (iii) the nature of barriers that women and socially excluded groups experience while seeking to benefit from energy services. Energy is considered as a \"men's domain\", limiting the opportunities for women. Existing income inequities also determine the ability to benefit from energy. The participation of women in decision-making positions in energy projects continues to be limited. Women's ownership of different technologies also remains low."}, {"bbox": [83, 607, 1147, 688], "category": "Text", "text": "Renewable energies depending from natural resources, such as water, sun and wind, are susceptible to climate change, due to changing weather and rainfall patterns as well as melting glaciers. Unequal access to these creates tensions, especially where there are competing uses (e.g. irrigation, drinking water, hydropower, or industrial use)."}, {"bbox": [101, 706, 340, 737], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2. Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [83, 776, 771, 803], "category": "Text", "text": "### Priority Area and sectors: Energy conservation and demand-side efficiency"}, {"bbox": [83, 805, 303, 831], "category": "Text", "text": "**Short problem analysis:**"}, {"bbox": [83, 832, 1147, 1017], "category": "Text", "text": "Nepal's use of energy is inefficient. Despite the measures that the government has put in place, such as Nepal's National Energy Efficiency Strategy and the Biomass Energy Strategy 2017, energy efficiency has not been able to get sufficient traction. Some of the barriers are: i) The productive sector and the responsible government institutions lack awareness of the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency and circular economy principles, ii) lack of policies to create, expand and commercialise an energy efficiency market and/or measures, iii) lack of generalised capacity in the private sector to identify and solve energy and resource inefficiencies and iv) limited access to finance to adopt energy efficiency technologies, service and HR capacities."}, {"bbox": [83, 1028, 1147, 1164], "category": "Text", "text": "Nepal's private sector is largely dominated by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The major constraints of the private sector investment are unstable political situation and governance, lack of conducive business environment, clear policies, regulatory frameworks, and implementation. In particular, to the energy sector, one of the key constraints is unreliable energy supply, which is often inadequate to meet the increasing demand. As a result, businesses have to rely on expensive diesel power generation, resulting in higher operational costs."}, {"bbox": [83, 1174, 1147, 1308], "category": "Text", "text": "It is estimated that the GHG emissions from waste would increase from 4.7 MtCO2e in 2019 to 6.1 MtCO2e in 2030 and 8.5 MtCO2e in 2050. The action will identify the appropriate EE and RE technologies during the design phase of the action to estimate the GHG emission reduction. The action will contribute to the revised NDC targets, in particular those concerning biogas plants (household and large scale) by 2025, and those ensuring 15% of the total energy demand supplied from clean energy sources by 2030."}, {"bbox": [83, 1309, 1147, 1442], "category": "Text", "text": "The action's stakeholders are the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation, the Government's Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), provincial and local Governments, banks, publicly owned enterprises, private sector companies, chamber associations, public utilities and in extension both the consumers of the industrial products and services as well as the employees of the entities. Women groups, such as the Federation of Weomen Entrepreneurs Associations of Nepal (FWEAN)."}, {"bbox": [83, 1469, 888, 1496], "category": "Text", "text": "### Priority Area and sectors: Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies"}, {"bbox": [83, 1498, 303, 1524], "category": "Text", "text": "**Short problem analysis:**"}, {"bbox": [83, 1525, 1147, 1657], "category": "Text", "text": "Nepal suffers from a marked shortage of energy and electricity, which leads to energy poverty and hinders socio-economic development. For the central electricity grid, 37% of the total amount of electricity of 8 200 GWh is generated by the state electricity supplier Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), further 36% is supplemented by the independent electricity producers and the remaining around 27% is imported from India, mostly coal-generated power. Power fluctuations, low voltage and unscheduled interruptions force industry, trade and households to switch"}, {"bbox": [1051, 1663, 1157, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 20"}]