[{"bbox": [117, 104, 1150, 159], "category": "List-item", "text": "d. Further incorporation of digital technologies: 'It is recommended to enhance technology incorporation to ensure access of information on land in all the counties by taking example of the GIS of Vihiga [county]'.)"}, {"bbox": [117, 184, 1150, 239], "category": "Text", "text": "Likewise, some of the notable observations and recommendations of the FAO Mid-Term Evaluation include the following:"}, {"bbox": [117, 239, 1150, 344], "category": "List-item", "text": "a. The Programme responds to the need and priorities of the community as it delves into dispute resolution, registration of communal titles, participatory boundary delimitation and the practicalities of transitioning from group ranches to community land with emphasis on the pasture and water resource access rights of other communities and provisions for social amenities (health and education)."}, {"bbox": [117, 344, 1150, 477], "category": "List-item", "text": "b. The communities are still patriarchal in their set up where women and youth can attend meetings but are more seen than heard. The Programme is addressing this by ensuring that communities continually involve women and youth in decision making on land matters through including in them committees and the opening of the register to include women and youth, which was previously unheard of e.g. in group ranches. This has been possible through awareness creation initiatives under the Programme."}, {"bbox": [117, 477, 1150, 530], "category": "List-item", "text": "c. Capacity build community peace and land committees on conflict resolution, peace building and reconciliation leads to reduced risk of conflict arising during adjudication."}, {"bbox": [117, 530, 1150, 607], "category": "List-item", "text": "d. The Programme should focus on the use of science and technology in land use suitability and boundary identification and establishment at both the intra and inter community levels as competition for natural resources is the main cause of land-based conflicts."}, {"bbox": [117, 607, 1150, 822], "category": "List-item", "text": "e. Among other ventures in land use and physical planning, several counties have started development of County Spatial Plans (CSPs). However, there are numerous challenges which range from inadequate technical capacity and insufficient budgetary allocations, to lack of awareness on the CSP among key stakeholders and sheer lack of prioritization by the county administration. One of the gaps identified in the process of development of CSPs is lack of updated maps and cadastres, which forms the basis for county spatial planning. Therefore, a lot of support to the national and county governments is still needed to fast track the process of development and finalisation of CSPs. Also upscaling and rolling out of the work on digitization and NLIMS to the counties is also a good prerequisite for CSP development."}, {"bbox": [117, 822, 1140, 928], "category": "List-item", "text": "f. The need to partner with other organizations focusing on livelihoods, especially in the next programming. The Programme was expected to make an enormous contribution in the counties as it has brought land related legislations to the forefront and introduced the aspect of economic profitability of ASAL community land that was previously considered unproductive."}, {"bbox": [79, 928, 1150, 1166], "category": "Text", "text": "Indeed, when property (land tenure) rights are protected, people, groups, and businesses make forward-looking investments because they are more confident that they will capture future returns from their efforts, as demonstrated by the example of the Ilongwesi community in Laikipia, Kenya. The Ilongwesi community has entered into a lease agreement with an investor following their community land registration and are getting approximately KSh 25 000 000 (EUR 200 000) annually (ceteris paribus) from the lease and other ancillary benefits through creation of employment, capacity building and technological transfer. For communities living in fragile lands with low agricultural potential, investments in new forms of group ownership that engender equitable sharing can provide stable incomes and expand investment opportunities. These investments can build their resilience to climate change, alleviate poverty and enhance their food security."}, {"bbox": [79, 1191, 1150, 1432], "category": "Text", "text": "Regarding the choice of implementing partner FAO, it has specific sector/thematic expertise, combined with unique logistical capacities, and an added value as a neutral partner in a politically sensitive topic. FAO has formulated and promotes the application of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT). FAO has wide experience in policy dialogue support through initiatives under the South-South and Triangular cooperation and international best practices. During the implementation of the previous programme, the EU has found the organisation to be a politically neutral, with a reconciliatory mandate, technically competent and strategic partner, managing to bring best practice and high quality interventions in a politically sensitive topic of Land. In addition, FAO have ensured very good EU visibility in the activities and policy dialogue."}, {"bbox": [79, 1456, 1150, 1535], "category": "Text", "text": "FAO has established a good working relationship with communities, national and county governments, non-state actors including other UN agencies, civil society organizations and the private sector. FAO acts as a neutral agency, honest broker and enabler as the need arises."}, {"bbox": [1040, 1662, 1157, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 13 of 26"}]