[{"bbox": [83, 131, 1145, 185], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will also contribute to objectives under the EU Green Deal aimed at conserving and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity. The Action will contribute to addressing the interlinkages between SDGs 11, 13 and 15."}, {"bbox": [83, 212, 1114, 239], "category": "Text", "text": "The Outputs to be delivered by this action contributing to the corresponding Specific Objectives (Outcomes) are:"}, {"bbox": [121, 241, 1145, 293], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Agro-ecological principles are considered based on plant diversity and local species, polyculture, agroforestry systems, animal integration, organic matter, soil cover, and water harvesting."}, {"bbox": [121, 295, 1145, 375], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Agroforestry business models are established: licenses and certifications of specialty coffees and other deforestation-free commodities are obtained, and technologies taking advantage of nature-based solutions are adopted."}, {"bbox": [121, 377, 865, 403], "category": "List-item", "text": "* A timber legality System is partially designed by the beneficiary government."}, {"bbox": [121, 405, 1145, 457], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Interventions for the implementation of the National Decarbonisation and Climate Resilience Strategy (2020 – 2050) are designed."}, {"bbox": [72, 498, 301, 530], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2. RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [72, 560, 205, 587], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1. Context"}, {"bbox": [83, 604, 1145, 711], "category": "Text", "text": "Honduras, categorized as a lower middle-income country, has an estimated population of 9 million inhabitants, predominantly young (39.7% of the total population are under 19). With declining population growth rates (current fertility rate is 2.4 per women), the country is in the early stages of a demographic transition. It has benefitted from a steady GDP growth of 3.1-4.8% per year in 2014-2019, followed by a strong decline of 9%¹⁶ in 2020."}, {"bbox": [83, 723, 1145, 962], "category": "Text", "text": "From a development cooperation perspective, Honduras has found itself trapped in a cycle of low growth, insufficient to reduce poverty. Indeed, poverty is widespread, with 61.9% of households affected, and 38.7% living in extreme poverty, while inequality is among the highest in the continent (GINI Index: 0.51). The national economy is linked to its natural capital (the country is part of the Mesoamerican biological corridor which hosts 7% of planet's biodiversity) and the agricultural sector represents 30%, while the timber sector represents less than 1% of the GDP¹⁷. Honduras is the largest coffee producer in Central America¹⁸, third in Latin America, ad fifth globally. Coffee production represents 5% of the total GDP. Honduras has a Gender Inequalities Index value of 0,423, ranking it 100 out of 162 countries in 2019. In Honduras, 21.1% of parliamentary seats are held by women, and 32.2% of adult women have reached at least a secondary level of education compared to 29.6% of their male counterparts¹⁹."}, {"bbox": [83, 974, 1145, 1186], "category": "Text", "text": "Honduras presents high levels of food insecurity and vulnerability to climate change. As a small open economy, the country is vulnerable to external shocks, particularly in relation to the US economy and migration policies. Unemployment and especially underemployment mainly affects women and youth, and this in turn pushes them towards irregular migration. While the rate is declining, Honduras still presents one of the highest homicide rates in the world. In addition, power is concentrated within a small political elite group and there are limited institutional capacities to implement a human rights agenda. Institutionally weak justice and security sectors, combined with drug trafficking, impunity and organized crime provide fertile ground for corruption that heavily curtails government credibility."}, {"bbox": [83, 1198, 1145, 1331], "category": "Text", "text": "The Covid-19 crisis and IOTA and ETA hurricanes in late 2020 have seriously affected Honduras at health, economic and social levels. An already weak and poorly equipped health system is struggling to cope with the crisis. The business sector, particularly the micro, small and medium businesses who mostly operate in the informal sector, has been severely impacted by lockdowns and restrictions, although partially mitigated by an unexpected increase of remittances (+3.5% compared with 2021) totalling 5,573 million²⁰."}, {"bbox": [83, 1344, 1145, 1478], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action is aligned with the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, which calls for integrating environmental dimensions into sustainable development, as well as the EU-Central America Association Agreement, which seeks enhanced cooperation on improving environmental quality. It complies with the New European Consensus on Development that calls to integrate environment and climate change throughout development cooperation strategies. The Action will also contribute to objectives under the EU Green Deal aiming at conserving and restoring ecosystems"}, {"bbox": [72, 1518, 567, 1542], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁶ 2020 Annual Report – Central Bank of Honduras (April 2021)"}, {"bbox": [72, 1542, 565, 1566], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ Memoria Cosecha 2019-2020.: https://www.ihcafe.hu/"}, {"bbox": [72, 1567, 1053, 1591], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁸ About 4.5 Million kilo bags per year which makes Honduras the fifth exporter worldwide. https://ico.org/prices/m1-exports.pdf"}, {"bbox": [72, 1591, 1097, 1616], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁹ Honduras, Human Development Reports (2019). http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all.themes/hdrTheme/countryNotes/HND.pdf"}, {"bbox": [72, 1616, 517, 1639], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁰ 2020 Annual Report – Central Bank of Honduras (April 2021)"}, {"bbox": [1051, 1663, 1157, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 23"}]