[{"bbox": [83, 104, 1147, 212], "category": "Text", "text": "Index (HCI)⁶. The Ministry of Agriculture, the World Food Programme and the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda are currently conducting the 2021 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment: results are not yet available since Rwandan government is postponing its presentation, according to informal discussions data will reflect the negative impact the pandemic has had on food security in Rwanda."}, {"bbox": [83, 237, 1147, 530], "category": "Text", "text": "With one the highest population density in Africa, Rwanda ranks high both on **vulnerability to climate change** and readiness to improve resilience. Rwanda is a low emission country therefore the Government's emphasis is rightly put on climate adaptation measures. Rwanda's adaptation needs are large- particularly as regards the agriculture and agro-forestry sectors- and there is urgency to act. Climate change impact models indicate that the net economic cost of climate change in Rwanda could be equivalent to 1 % of GDP each year by 2030, excluding the effects of extreme weather events. Women bear the brunt of climate shocks and the depletion of natural resources. Vulnerability of rural populations is exacerbated by the **digital gap**: there is very limited access to digital skills and technologies, financial services, decision-making support tools and risk mitigation mechanisms to support innovation because agriculture is perceived as a high-risk sector. Lastly, while traceability of food and agricultural products is become increasingly important in terms of public health, nutrition, and consumer preferences, traceability mechanisms remain largely undeveloped."}, {"bbox": [83, 556, 1147, 822], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite overall progress on gender equality, there is still a large **gender gap** in employment in the agriculture sector. Women represent 82 % of the farming workforce⁷ but they tend to occupy mostly informal jobs. They have less access to land, improved agricultural inputs, finance (only 1 in 5 women in rural areas have a bank account compared to about 1 in 3 men), markets and extension services. Women farmers own smaller plots of land, limiting their access to selected seeds and fertilizers. Women farmers are usually engaged to subsistence farming and the harvests are the main source of food and nutrition. Lack of access to technology reduces good quality harvests and diversity of their crops, which impacts the food and nutritional security of their families. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal resources developed a Gender and Youth Mainstreaming Strategy in 2019 which identifies low participation in lucrative parts of the agricultural value-chains as well as limited control over resources and decision-making as key areas of gender inequality."}, {"bbox": [83, 822, 1147, 873], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [83, 926, 1147, 1088], "category": "Text", "text": "The **Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources-MINAGRI** has the mission of promoting the sustainable development of a modern, efficient and competitive agriculture and livestock sector. The Ministry has five directorates that formulate agricultural policies and strategies, monitor and coordinate its implementations through its affiliated agencies: the **National Agricultural Export Development Board-NAEB**, which mission is to facilitate the growth of business to diversify agriculture and livestock commodity export revenues, and the **Rwanda Agriculture Board-RAB**, in charge of research, agricultural and animal resources extension."}, {"bbox": [83, 1139, 1147, 1380], "category": "Text", "text": "The **Ministry of Environment-MoE** is in charge of developing policies and programmes related to environment and climate change. Its agency **Rwanda Environment Management Authority - REMA**, whose mission is 'to promote and ensure the protection of the environment and sustainable management of natural resources through decentralised structures of governance and seek national position to emerging global issues with a view to enhancing the well-being of the Rwandan people', is tasked to coordinate the implementation of climate change policies and programmes. The **Forestry authority** is in charge of the policy implementation in forestry and agro-forestry sectors while the **Rwanda Green Fund - (FONERWA)** plays an important role in funds raising specifically from international green funds like the Global Climate Fund. **Local authorities** are also key on the ground in order to include environmental and climate dimensions in District Development Strategies."}, {"bbox": [83, 1405, 1147, 1459], "category": "Text", "text": "Practically speaking, measures on climate adaptation targets relating to agriculture are mainly implemented by MINAGRI but reporting and monitoring is ensured by MoE. Coordination mechanisms have room for improvement."}, {"bbox": [83, 1484, 1147, 1538], "category": "Text", "text": "In order to ensure gender inclusion across all activities, MINAGRI and MoE gender focal points will be involved in the monitoring and implementation of the action."}, {"bbox": [71, 1589, 1158, 1639], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ The 2020 HCI estimates that a child born today in Rwanda will be just 38% as productive as an adult compared to what s/he could have achieved with good education and health."}, {"bbox": [71, 1637, 908, 1663], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ ‘Women’s Opportunities and Challenges in Sub-Saharan African Job Markets’’ IMF, 2016."}, {"bbox": [1051, 1663, 1158, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 30"}]