[{"bbox": [83, 106, 1147, 212], "category": "Text", "text": "competitiveness objectives in line with Vision 2050 document, which sets a target of achieving a high-income status by 2050. In this regard, the Entrepreneurship Development Policy is designed to ensure that the entrepreneurship ecosystem function properly, allowing Rwandan start-ups, MSMEs, and large enterprises to grow sustainably and profitably."}, {"bbox": [83, 223, 1147, 622], "category": "Text", "text": "The EU has shown strong commitment to support Rwanda's objective to overhaul its growth model by fostering private sector led growth. Concerning the specific pharmaceutical sub-sector and vaccine production in particular, President Kagame has been very vocal about the need for Africa to forge strategic public-private partnerships for vaccine manufacturing and for AU members to move ahead with ratification of the Africa Medicines Agency Treaty, for which Rwanda will seek to host its HQ. Plans of bringing the first mRNA manufacturing facility to Rwanda were also clearly outlined, which should lay the foundation for the development of a pharmaceutical industry integrated into global supply chains. There is a consensus that in order to expand vaccine manufacturing capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and in Rwanda in particular, there is need for technology transfer and to enhance the capability of the tech transfer receiving sites, including through specialised equipment and personnel. In order to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of vaccines manufactured in LMICs, national regulatory authorities (NRAs) in the country of manufacturing will play an irreplaceable role, especially in assuring product quality. Guided by the initiative launched by President von der Leyen at the G20 Global Health Summit, and the commitment to support this with EUR 1 000 000 000 from the EU budget and EU development finance institutions, the EU in Rwanda has rapidly positioned itself as the leading partner to support the ambition of Rwanda to attract private investment for the development of mRNA production capacity in the country."}, {"bbox": [83, 633, 1147, 979], "category": "Text", "text": "Mining is an essential industry for Rwanda in terms of trade and revenue, with a good potential to facilitate growth and economic transformation in the coming years. Moreover, the Rwanda's mining sector is of critical importance to the EU in terms of supply of critical raw materials as well as for its social and environmental considerations. The improvement of working conditions and labour relations, particularly in terms of rights for the workers, gender equality, and safety merit further attention. Artisanal and small-scale miners are vulnerable to hazardous or exploitative working conditions due to ineffective legal protection. In order to secure the access to international markets and promote sustainable regional cooperation and trade in the mineral sector, the mining sector needs to comply with compliance requirements of International Conference of the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), EU and OECD guidelines for responsible mineral sourcing. These guidelines require a transparent chain-of-custody system so that the minerals can be traced back to the mine and major red flags like child labour can be excluded. The Action will contribute to consolidating the EU's current role as development partners' lead for the Private Sector Development and Youth Employment sectors. Moreover, the Action is in line with the EU Economic Diplomacy, which sets out the framework for improving the coherence of EU external policies and tools."}, {"bbox": [83, 1008, 1147, 1142], "category": "Text", "text": "The action will contribute to progress on a number of Sustainable Development Goals and consequent fulfilment of economic and social rights, and gender equality, in line with Rwanda's international human rights commitments. Moreover, the action contributes to the EU GAP III², and particularly its thematic areas of engagement 1) Promoting economic and social rights and empowering girls and women; and 2) Addressing the challenges and harnessing the opportunities offered by the green transition and the digital transformation."}, {"bbox": [87, 1199, 326, 1229], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2. Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [83, 1255, 244, 1282], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### Entrepreneurship"}, {"bbox": [83, 1293, 1147, 1559], "category": "Text", "text": "In recent years, Kigali has seen a wide development of accelerator and incubation hubs. Nevertheless, there are still significant gaps after the incubator and accelerator phase. In addition, secondary cities and rural areas, as well as groups living in marginalised and vulnerable situations such as persons with disabilities, refugees, asylum seekers, ethnic minorities, etc. are underserved. TVET graduates from more ‘traditional trades’ have limited access to coaching, mentoring and entrepreneurship support to help them start their own business. Studies show that female entrepreneurs in particular cite lack of digital skills as a barrier. Access to finance, especially while lacking collateral, remains a major constraint particularly for female entrepreneurs. Partnerships between hubs and investors remain the exception, and the vast majority of SMEs and entrepreneurs who successfully exit mentorship and coaching programmes face unaffordable access to credit, which hinders their growth strategy and challenges their expansion plans."}, {"bbox": [83, 1572, 709, 1599], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### Economic governance, including mining and vaccine manufacturing"}, {"bbox": [72, 1637, 745, 1662], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² JOIN(2020)17 final of 25.11.2020; SWD(2020)284 final of 25.11.2020."}, {"bbox": [1051, 1663, 1158, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 28"}]