[{"bbox": [215, 120, 1102, 178], "category": "Text", "text": "of legal and administrative hurdles; as well as strengthen enforcement of disciplinary\nmeasures and review respective incentive structures."}, {"bbox": [127, 220, 983, 277], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Key Result 4: Enhanced capacity of civil society, media and academia to demand transparency and accountability from duty bearers**"}, {"bbox": [127, 278, 573, 302], "category": "Text", "text": "The main activities to achieve this result are:"}, {"bbox": [164, 307, 1102, 392], "category": "List-item", "text": "4.1 [Strengthen civil society](#) to gather evidence to demand accountability from duty bearers, and [support academia](#) to generate policy-oriented research to provide evidence for decision making;"}, {"bbox": [164, 393, 1102, 451], "category": "List-item", "text": "4.2 [Establish and enhance PFM curriculum in tertiary education institutions](#) to build the future cadre of PFM practitioners."}, {"bbox": [127, 481, 1002, 507], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Key Result 5: Established national and local platforms for domestic accountability**"}, {"bbox": [164, 509, 1102, 567], "category": "List-item", "text": "5.1 [Establish a platform and develop periodic TV/radio shows](#), where duty bearers and civil society discuss pertinent issues in PFM - to be broadcasted widely."}, {"bbox": [127, 608, 377, 636], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**4.2 Intervention logic**"}, {"bbox": [127, 649, 1103, 765], "category": "Text", "text": "Addressing inequality and achieving sustainable inclusive development is challenging in a context characterised by limited fiscal space. Therefore, spending efficiency and the effective use of domestic revenues are key to Malawi. In addition, investments and businesses have been hampered by corruption and challenges in taxation impacting the growth prospect for Malawi."}, {"bbox": [127, 778, 1102, 894], "category": "Text", "text": "In addressing these aspects, the programme follows the 'Collect More-Spend Better' approach. On the one side, it aims at improving the tax system with interventions in revenue policy and revenue administration, to increase the fiscal space for the much needed reforms regarding inclusive growth and development."}, {"bbox": [127, 906, 1102, 964], "category": "Text", "text": "On the other side, it tackles the key weaknesses in expenditure management. This is complemented by support to key accountability stakeholders to monitor the implementation of the whole cycle."}, {"bbox": [127, 976, 1103, 1526], "category": "Text", "text": "As elaborated above, initial gains in PFM need to be consolidated and further improved to restore trust in Malawi's stewardship of public finances. It is expected that by addressing the challenges experienced in public expenditure particularly public procurement and other major expenditure risks covering the majority of budget implementation, the management and oversight of public funds will be improved leading to a more transparent, effective and efficient public financial management system. Challenges with work ethics and behaviour, coupled with the laxity in enforcing disciplinary measures, have in the past led to reforms only being implemented on paper, not effecting actual processes and systems. Managing change requires understanding of the power structures including informal rules shaped by cultural influence and how to incentivise change. It is seldom a linear relationship between cause and effect but needs careful consideration regarding chosen approaches with iterative reflections and corrections to move forward. In this context, it will be important to maintain a degree of flexibility to adapt programme activities and focus to the feedback from the iterative approach or changes in the political economy. With the separate focus on managing change, it is expected that a change in behaviour and work ethics can be achieved to ensure that reforms will impact the PFM systems. To ensure its cross-cutting nature, this component will rest with the TA team leader to feed changed behaviour into all sub-components. It is understood that this aspect falls within the wider concept of public sector reforms and, for the purpose of this programme, the Ministry of Finance is to function as a pilot ministry to effect change."}, {"bbox": [127, 1538, 1102, 1625], "category": "Text", "text": "The inclusion of support to accountability interventions is important to create domestic and sustained demand for transparency and accountability replacing the external request for accountably from Development Partners. This is an important element for the overall framework"}, {"bbox": [605, 1667, 627, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "12"}]