[{"bbox": [83, 118, 1146, 251], "category": "Text", "text": "The results are expected to be fair outcomes for citizens through a variety of justice pathways, communities that are empowered to propose and develop their own solutions to security and justice priorities, driving strategic reforms at the regional and federal level. This is an innovative combination of community security, civilian oversight, advocacy and capacity building, by creating links between and at community, regional and national levels, as well as enhanced coordination between the different levels of government."}, {"bbox": [83, 262, 1146, 528], "category": "Text", "text": "This action will contribute to the implementation of a range of priorities, including the objectives of the EU Africa Strategy on peace and security (in particular its focus on protecting civilians), the European Consensus (particularly the priorities on “People” and “Peace”), SDG 16 on “Peace, justice and strong institutions” as well as overarching EU priorities on governance and digitalisation. The action is designed to further deepen the EU’s integrated approach and implement key aspects of Priority Area 1 “Governance and Peacebuilding” of the MIP (sectors 1.2 “Reconciliation and Justice” and 1.3 “Security”). The entirety of the proposed allocation is relevant for implementing elements of the Team Europe Initiative (TEI) on “Governance, Peace and Security - Reconciling Somalia” under discussion. Synergies with the action on “Strengthening Inclusive Governance in Somalia (SIGS)” (Action No. 1 of Somalia’s AAP 2022) will be ensured to maintain a close link between political, security and social realities in the country."}, {"bbox": [72, 570, 301, 601], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2. RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [72, 633, 205, 659], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### 2.1. Context"}, {"bbox": [83, 689, 1146, 769], "category": "Text", "text": "Somalia has one of the most complex and protracted states of crisis anywhere in the world. It has suffered from years of violence and political instability which, coupled with environmental and economic shocks, have resulted in widespread displacement, food insecurity and high levels of poverty."}, {"bbox": [83, 780, 1146, 1125], "category": "Text", "text": "The restoration of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) started in 2007. Over the past decade, the adoption of a provisional constitution (2012) and the relatively peaceful indirect electoral processes at both federal and regional levels have signalled a positive step forward in shifting away from the use of violence as the primary means of political negotiations. Violence remains, nevertheless, a trend in Somalia “occurring in three layers of conflicts on the local, national and international level, each with interrelated triggers and drivers” (Somalia Conflict Analysis Report, February 2020). While there are tangible signs of progress in Somalia, many challenges persist, including insecurity, limited state capacity, chronic humanitarian crises, and low social, health and education indicators. Internal conflicts at the core of the fragile state lie within the undetermined nature of federalism, the role of clan in political governance, and a deep well of mistrust amongst stakeholders. The presence of Al Shabaab adds another layer of pressure as the group skilfully exploits existing grievances at the local level to disrupt the state-building process. The ability of Somalia to address these complex and inter-linked challenges rests on strengthening broad-based political reconciliation and settlements at the local and regional levels in order to create the necessary stability and legitimacy for state-building."}, {"bbox": [83, 1136, 1146, 1323], "category": "Text", "text": "The relatively early stages in the development of Somalia's federated model of government mean that many questions remain unresolved, including the degree of devolved oversight and authority of security and justice actors, and the mechanisms by which revenue will be disbursed to state and districts levels. Despite the existence of essential framework policies such as the National Security Architecture, the Somalia Transition Plan, the New Policing Model, and the Somali Maritime Resource and Security Strategy, there is a need for the FGS and the Federal Member States (FMS) to reconfirm their commitments and to demonstrate political will to cooperate and agree on a clear division of tasks and responsibilities to secure the country and ensure the safety and trust of citizens."}, {"bbox": [83, 1334, 1146, 1654], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite more than a decade of presence of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), supported by the EU with 10 years of troop training through the EU Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S), and over 2 billion euros of expenditures, slow progress has prevented the transition to a Somali security lead. It was envisaged that AMISOM would hand over full security leadership responsibilities to the Somali authorities by December 2021; however, there is widespread agreement that Somali security forces will not be sufficiently ready to lead on security and tackle Al-Shabaab without some form of continued external support. The Somali National Army (SNA), whilst gaining competence as an infantry fighting force, lacks the force enablers, particularly in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, as well as operational maintenance facilities and skills, combat engineers, fire support, logistics, planners as well as air and medical support, which are necessary to sustain long-term deployments and combat operations. Because of this, all credible military thinking has determined that without those capabilities (currently provided by AMISOM and UNSOS), the SNA is not a long-term sustainable field force. Furthermore, the SNA is not perceived to be a legitimate force in some of the regions and is at times considered both partial and an instrument of"}, {"bbox": [1051, 1663, 1158, 1687], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 4 of 24"}]