[{"bbox": [168, 154, 1137, 209], "category": "List-item", "text": "* 1.3: Integrated coastal zone management strategies, integrated water resources management strategies, reforestation and forest management plans are developed."}, {"bbox": [168, 220, 285, 246], "category": "Text", "text": "(under SO2)"}, {"bbox": [168, 259, 587, 286], "category": "List-item", "text": "* 2.1: Access to basic services is improved."}, {"bbox": [168, 299, 837, 326], "category": "List-item", "text": "* 2.2: Protection and sustainable livelihood opportunities are expanded."}, {"bbox": [168, 338, 944, 365], "category": "List-item", "text": "* 2.2: Sustainable, disaster-resilient and inclusive urban development is supported."}, {"bbox": [92, 377, 1134, 563], "category": "Text", "text": "The action will focus on a few selected locations and apply an area-based approach, actively creating synergies between its components and integrating linkages between rural and urban target areas. The integrated approach will allow the action to address the root causes of displacement and food and nutrition insecurity, which can also cause social tension and conflict, thereby addressing the humanitarian-development-peace (HDP) nexus. The intervention will build on learning from and progress made in previous EU funded programmes in the fields of resilience and DRR (e.g. RESTORE), durable solutions (RE-INTEG), development of productive sectors (e.g. OUTREACH) and the territorial approach as in the on-going ILED programme."}, {"bbox": [85, 575, 322, 606], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [85, 641, 230, 666], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [95, 682, 1111, 947], "category": "Text", "text": "The internal political turmoil caused by the 15-month delayed presidential elections in Somalia happened against the backdrop of a further worsening humanitarian crisis. In the 2021 Global Hunger Index, Somalia ranks 116th out of the 116 countries with sufficient data to calculate 2021 GHI scores. In total, over 7.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, 6 million are facing acute food insecurity and 1.4 million children under 5 are acutely malnourished as of November 2021. One in four Somali children under-five are stunted (low height for age) and one in seven are wasted (low weight for height) with children in the south-west and central Somalia most affected. Almost half Somali women of reproductive age suffer from anaemia. Seven out of ten Somalis survive on less than USD 1.90 a day. These figures are expected to rise sharply and quickly due to the effects of the ongoing drought following historic four consecutive failed rain seasons (with forecasts indicating a fifth failed rain season for the end of 2022)."}, {"bbox": [95, 960, 1111, 1358], "category": "Text", "text": "The number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has increased dramatically from 1.2 million in 2016 to 3.6 million in April 2022. Somalia also hosts 24,000 refugees and asylum-seekers and more than 92,000 Somali refugees have been supported to return voluntarily to Somalia. Virtually every Somali city hosts IDP settlements, although the largest numbers are found in Mogadishu and Baidoa. When talking about IDPs, considering a gendered approach is necessary. Indeed, female IDPs tend to deal with greater threats as mentioned in the Resilience sector Gender analysis conducted by UNOPS with the funding from the EU Delegation. Generally left to deal with domestic responsibilities, women are traveling further to get water, food or fuel, therefore exposing themselves to more risks like robbery or rape. Women are more vulnerable while having entire households counting on them to survive. In fact, the Gender Country Profile notes that one-quarter to one-third of Somali households are headed by a woman. That is why addressing some of their challenges is crucial and very relevant. Besides, IDPs are among the poorest of the poor, often belong to marginalised groups and ethnic minorities that are considered “inferior” and are considered as outsiders in the cities where they reside. Because of their status and their curtailed housing, land and property rights, IDPs generally face a constant threat of forced eviction - a phenomenon that makes achieving durable solutions to displacement extremely difficult. Their access to basic services is limited and they primarily rely on day labour as their main source of income."}, {"bbox": [95, 1371, 1111, 1529], "category": "Text", "text": "The drivers of acute food insecurity and displacement in Somalia are the combined effects of conflict and climate change related issues such as poor and erratic rainfall distribution, flooding, desert locusts as well as the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19. Recurrent droughts continue to pose a serious risk of damaging both pasture and crops across Somalia with negative impact to the agri-food production of the country. The competition over, and unsustainable use of, increasingly scarce resources exacerbate conflict and violence, which is contributing to further displacement and limiting livelihood opportunities."}, {"bbox": [95, 1542, 1111, 1674], "category": "Text", "text": "Somalia's GDP shrank by 1.5% in 2020 due to the effects of several climate-induced shocks and the COVID-19 pandemic. The global recession affected Somalia particularly hard because of its dependence on remittances, which decreased significantly in the wake of the pandemic. The economy is expected to bounce back with growth projected to hit 2.9% in 2021 and the fact that Somalia reached decision point in the Highly-Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in 2020, thereby restoring its access to concessional financing, adds to the"}, {"bbox": [1025, 1682, 1132, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 29"}]