[{"bbox": [94, 142, 1107, 197], "category": "Text", "text": "positive elements when it comes to the economic development of the country. Still, the country faces a highly problematic financial outlook due to the challenging political and security situation."}, {"bbox": [85, 216, 334, 245], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [97, 258, 315, 286], "category": "Text", "text": "**Short problem analysis:**"}, {"bbox": [96, 297, 1086, 670], "category": "Text", "text": "Somalia faces multiple threats to human development and livelihoods related to climate change, unsustainable management of natural resources, land degradation and extended conflict. The interplay of these different factors contributes to making large parts of the country largely inhabitable due to the rapid depletion of natural resources and biodiversity. Livestock and agriculture form the basis of the Somali population's livelihoods, which makes the country highly vulnerable to the impacts of environmental problems. Beside desertification and deforestation, also land degradation is a massive problem. From 1980 to 2009, the most prevalent types of land degradation were loss of vegetation, topsoil loss and the decline of soil moisture. Causes of land degradation in Somalia are overgrazing, tree cutting, poor agronomic practices and the limited use of soil and water conservation practices in crop-production areas. The quickly escalating displacement crisis is spurred by the difficulties rural households experience in maintaining traditional livelihoods and lifestyles, while the persistent insecurity and absence of government control and services further worsens the situation. This Action intends to address the issues by investing in climate change adaptation while simultaneously boosting resilience and contributing to improved social inclusion among displacement affected communities and people particularly at risk of disasters."}, {"bbox": [96, 681, 1092, 762], "category": "Text", "text": "Learning from previous resilience and durable solutions programmes indicates that there is a need to use area-based multi-sectoral interventions to address vulnerabilities including displacement in both rural and urban settings including displacement. The action will apply both a multi-sectoral and an area-based approach."}, {"bbox": [96, 772, 1092, 825], "category": "Text", "text": "Consequently, it will focus on selected areas and create synergies between the various components of the intervention based on the identified needs in those locations."}, {"bbox": [96, 838, 1093, 972], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will support an overall transition to sustainable agri-food systems towards more green and climate resilient practices by adopting climate-smart agriculture approaches, which help to pursue the objectives of social sustainability (improving food and nutrition security), environmental and climate sustainability (sustainable and resilient production, protection and promotion of biodiversity), as well as economic sustainability (diversified and equitable livelihoods of rural and urban communities)."}, {"bbox": [96, 983, 1090, 1223], "category": "Text", "text": "This Action will also seek to address the root causes of displacement in the targeted locations by strengthening the resilience of rural communities to climate and other shocks and improving disaster risk reduction and management. This will entail improving river basin management and the sustainable use and management of arable lands and rangelands used for animal husbandry as well as engaging in reforestation/rewilding/re-greening activities that are essential for protecting biodiversity. As displacement is driven by climate change-related stressors such as drought and floods, which are factors that in combination with poor management of natural resources lead to increased competition and conflict over limited resources such as land for farming and animal husbandry, thereby further fuelling conflict-related displacement, there is a strong need to apply a holistic approach in the response to climate change/environmental degradation and displacement in Somalia."}, {"bbox": [96, 1234, 1086, 1421], "category": "Text", "text": "Previous interventions on durable solutions have demonstrated the importance of using housing, land and property rights of displacement-affected communities (DACs) as a foundation in programming. Without access to secure and long-term land tenure, it is very difficult for DACs and urban poor to gain a foothold among their host communities due to the constant threat of forced evictions these groups face in urban areas in Somalia. With this as the basis, interventions should then base their plans on the needs of the communities in the identified locations and seek to cover the needs across various sectors with the view to achieve a durable solution to their displacement."}, {"bbox": [96, 1432, 1085, 1510], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will also seek to implement a graduation model able to target the most vulnerable and strengthen value chains that are important for both rural and urban areas in the selected locations. Particular attention will be reserved to four dimensions:"}, {"bbox": [133, 1525, 1074, 1591], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Management of farms, crops, livestock, fisheries to balance near-term food security and livelihoods needs with longer-term priorities for adaptation;"}, {"bbox": [133, 1603, 1071, 1657], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Ecosystem and landscape management to conserve ecosystem services that are important for food security, agricultural development, climate change adaptation;"}, {"bbox": [1025, 1681, 1132, 1707], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 29"}]