[{"bbox": [82, 104, 1144, 185], "category": "Text", "text": "counterparts that are perceived to be favoured by foreign governments and donors. Defendants' rights, including the presumption of innocence, are not always respected, and evidence allegedly obtained through torture is regularly accepted in courts."}, {"bbox": [82, 185, 1124, 291], "category": "Text", "text": "While not directly working in the field of democracy and governance, the programme will nevertheless contribute to improving democratic practices in the country by promoting public-private dialogue processes related to green economic transformation. In these processes both the private sector, civil society and vulnerable groups will be enabled to voice their needs and contribute to shaping policies that are relevant to their livelihoods."}, {"bbox": [82, 324, 473, 352], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Conflict sensitivity, peace and resilience"}, {"bbox": [82, 376, 1144, 617], "category": "Text", "text": "Currently Kyrgyzstan experiences tensions with its neighbouring countries Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Access to water resources is one of the main reasons for the existence of these tensions. While some of the interventions of the programme do involve water use (most notably irrigation water in the early vegetable and rice value chains), the quantities used do not have a discernible impact on downstream water supply to neighbouring Uzbekistan. Nevertheless, by promoting increased water use efficiency through various means the knowledge and experience generated by the programme might be viewed as an (albeit small) contribution to the reduction of these tensions. Within the country tensions between Kyrgyz and Uzbek ethnic groups still do exist. In line with the Do No Harm Approach mentioned above the programme will strive to provide equal access opportunities to all ethnicities to the programme's support and activities, thus avoiding any increase in tensions."}, {"bbox": [82, 642, 321, 667], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Disaster Risk Reduction"}, {"bbox": [82, 668, 1144, 935], "category": "Text", "text": "Kyrgyzstan's geography places its inhabitants in a high-risk category for natural disasters. Ninety-four percent of Kyrgyzstan's territory is located 1,000 metres above sea level, and 40% is above 3,000 metres. The country is exposed to frequent earthquakes that can reach 8 and over 9 points on the Richter scale, avalanches, landslides, floods and mudflows are common hazards. Dozens of people lose their land and livelihoods to these types of disasters every year. Further, it is anticipated that rising temperatures, rapid snowmelt, and changing rain patterns will increase the intensity and frequency of such disasters, with serious economic and social impacts. The areas covered by the programme are only to a small extent affected by landslides and mudflows. Consequently, no direct activities are envisaged. If however concrete risks would appear (e.g. through communication with organisations working on the topic or the respective local authorities) measures to mitigate their impact might be taken (e.g. supporting tree-planting, small flood prevention measures at field-level)"}, {"bbox": [72, 980, 387, 1007], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.4 Risks and Lessons Learnt"}, {"bbox": [72, 1020, 1114, 1400], "category": "Table", "text": "<table><thead><tr><th>Identified Risks</th><th>Probability</th><th>Impact</th><th>Mitigation Measures</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"4\"><strong>Political and institutional risks</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Political and economic environment remains unstable within the country and/or within the regions.</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>Continued political and policy dialogue with the Kyrgyz Government to foresee and adapt to circumstances as necessary.<br>The project's initiatives will improve income and employment situations and develop mechanisms for saving and accessing financial services. This can act as counter measures to reduce economic shocks that may incur due to unforeseen events.<br>The project approach will strengthen the private sector and their lobbying capacity within the political environment.</td></tr></tbody></table>"}, {"bbox": [1039, 1635, 1156, 1660], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 15 of 33"}]