[{"bbox": [78, 104, 1150, 159], "category": "Text", "text": "Programme will also address the issue of maladaptation, as it is a veritable risk mainly due to a lack of flexible, multi-sectoral, inclusive and long-term planning regarding the impacts of climate change of the GoK."}, {"bbox": [78, 159, 1150, 451], "category": "Text", "text": "* In view of developing services as well as GE practices a series of cost-efficient and effective interventions are crucial. It is important to ensure that an integrative approach is used, meaning that there should be no single, one-off activities, but activities that enable holistically sustaining or transforming a value chain, i.e., the Programme will target relevant stages of the same value chains at various levels (policy – production – market/outreach – support structures/financing). For an integrated approach to be successful, strong ties between the different Outputs/Outcomes and level of intervention is needed, for example, output 2 is primarily practice driven and may be in a better position to validate the findings of relevant studies of output 1. At the same time, output 1 can facilitate the development of manageable sustainability criteria and scenarios that help public and private actors to identify and pursue future proof options. Thus, the Programme will ensure that timely communication and adaptation of activities, internal exchanges, participation in dialogues and engagement of corresponding stakeholders is done so that both outputs act hand in hand to generate the best results possible."}, {"bbox": [78, 451, 1150, 689], "category": "Text", "text": "* In the agricultural sector a rapid piloting-based approach has been proven to create the highest potential for long-term impact, i.e., new interventions and innovations are tested and reality-checked together with a smaller set of beneficiaries and uptake is only promoted when up-scaling and further replication is possible on the part of corresponding stakeholders. In most supported value chains these interventions/innovations (e.g., paid services, revolving funds, joint marketing) have been thoroughly tested and can now be (or are even already being) replicated. At the same time, for the long-term establishment of these interventions and innovations a longer support by the programme might be necessary. In that sense the programme will consider further supporting some of the value chains of the IRDP (whose interventions/innovations are like those of the GESPSD) in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the changes initiated there."}, {"bbox": [78, 689, 1150, 928], "category": "Text", "text": "* Thus far in agriculture the main increase in income for the participating farmers has come from increased production of high-quality 'conventional' produce targeting local and regional markets (Kazakhstan, Russia). Exports of organic plums to the EU has not been as profitable due to a wide range of issues (high costs of international certification, complexity of the market, difficulty in creating stable supply due to the occurrence of frost). The focus of agricultural value chain development should be on increasing the sustainability, quantity, quality and traceability of local products and its access to local and regional markets. Some of the main critical elements to further improve the sustainability of the production of these agricultural goods are technical support services (e.g., advice, input supply, specialist tasks) and access to finance, both best provided through private service providers, as well as facilitation of regulatory changes (e.g. with MoA)."}, {"bbox": [78, 928, 1150, 1087], "category": "Text", "text": "* The long-term environmental and social value degradation or addition has not yet fully been considered in the current value chain development activities. To advance the evidence base, deliberation and sustainable options, the programme can assist decision-makers and communities to further differentiate 'value addition'. It can be interpreted in many ways, from shareholder value (local and global), stakeholder value, company level balance, household income, tax income, job balance and quality, reducing environmental and social externalities and increasing wellbeing. Depending on the emphasis along these criteria, development decisions may change dramatically."}, {"bbox": [78, 1087, 1150, 1379], "category": "Text", "text": "* Not all value chains, business and development models may be future proof in general and there will be further potential for transformative innovation to ensure positive absolute sustainability balances, e.g., an emphasis on export markets bears sustainability risks as well. Global competition and expected shareholder dividends put pressure on prices, deeply incentivise social and environmental externalities, a higher GHG footprint from food miles and pollution included. It remains a challenge to assess and compare total economic balances, including environmental and social externalities and combining this with desired indicators of societal wellbeing and sustainability goals beyond monetary cost-benefit analyses. This picture may further change with exploring most resilient production and consumption options while facing war and geopolitical crises. Apart from green and social upgrading, Kyrgyz actors can further increase capacities to decide between incremental improvements and more innovative transformative options and reforms. It will be hence important to further sharpen local capacities to recognise sustainable business and development options in a holistic way and feed this into decision-making."}, {"bbox": [78, 1379, 1150, 1537], "category": "Text", "text": "* It is also important to ensure resource management in the most efficient way possible, especially looking at improving water use in agriculture. Water has been one of the causes of the recent border conflict with Tajikistan, successful implementation of such resource saving technologies could be scaled up in directly contributing to mitigation of potential conflict in agricultural area in border towns and provinces and adapting to climate change. A focus of the new programme phase should therefore be on assessing the potentials for increased resource use efficiency in the supported intervention areas, and on contributing to the upscaling of successful practices."}, {"bbox": [78, 1537, 1150, 1591], "category": "Text", "text": "* The tourism industry is currently in a post COVID-19 \"re-start\" mode and restarting by branding as a green and sustainable destination will open Kyrgyzstan to newer market possibilities. Extensive support is needed to encourage"}, {"bbox": [1040, 1636, 1158, 1661], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 20 of 33"}]