[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1135, 312], "category": "Text", "text": "complementarities with the new package of FPI funded projects promoting reconciliation and peace-building in different areas of the country, as well as with different projects under the Civil Society Fund III, the Emergency Trust Fund for Africa and the programme \"Support to Criminal Justice\". Once implemented, we expect this Action to reduce the number of conflict induced forcibly displaced people in the country. Furthermore, this Action will also benefit from synergies with the Actions on education and health part of the first set of Individual Measures, as well as the Action on food security under this second set of Individual Measures."}, {"bbox": [84, 339, 339, 370], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [96, 385, 1133, 439], "category": "Text", "text": "Multiple conflicts across regions, but particularly the one in the northern part of the country, have caused, among many others, the following problems:"}, {"bbox": [96, 440, 1133, 570], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Fragmented and polarised society:** The conflict in the northern part of the country has aggravated previous tensions and conflicts among different groups as well as increased fragmentation and polarisation within the Ethiopian society. Hate speech, misinformation, disinformation and fake news have significantly contributed to spread negative attitudes, perceptions and behaviours, especially among young people who are very vulnerable to social networks."}, {"bbox": [96, 573, 1133, 680], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Weak traditional and formal peace-building institutions:** Ethiopia has a rich diversity of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms that have prevailed during time. Current conflicts have made more visible the need for further supports in effective and inclusive peace structures with adequate capacities to deal with conflict prevention and resolution."}, {"bbox": [96, 682, 1133, 867], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Women and girls are under-represented in peace-building and conflict prevention processes and institutions:** Although when the Prime Minister came to power, he formed a cabinet that was half female and appointed a woman as Minister of Peace, the reality is that women and girls in Ethiopia lack representation in peace building and conflict prevention institutions at all levels. As an example, men dominate the recently created national dialogue commission, where only 3 out of the 11 commissioners are women. In addition, many stereotypes assume that women are automatically victims of conflict or peace-makers by default, reinforcing structural inequalities."}, {"bbox": [96, 869, 1133, 1030], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Increased number of SGBV cases in conflict affected areas:** Women and girls, as already mentioned, have been subject to various acts of SGBV on a massive scale and of psychical and psychological torture during conflicts. These human rights violations against women are clear indicators of the existing degree of gender inequality in the country. Domestic violence is commonly accepted and justified by women (84.5%) and men (75.6%) according to the Demographic and Health Survey (2019)⁶. In fact, Ethiopia has a Gender Inequality Index (GII) value of 0.517, ranking it 125 out of 162 countries in the 2019 index⁷."}, {"bbox": [96, 1031, 1133, 1192], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Increased number of mental health disorders among populations affected by conflict:** In spite of the limited data on the mental health consequences of conflicts in Ethiopia, several institutions, including the World Health Organization (WHO), estimates a high burden of mental health problems in conflict settings of Ethiopia. This includes depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and overall, negatively impacting physical health and social cohesion. This also has a very serious negative impact on children and youth as they must be supported to avoid future trauma or mental health complications"}, {"bbox": [96, 1193, 1133, 1431], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Absence or limited basic services for conflict survivors:** Although there is evidence of high number of mental health and SGBV cases, including sexual violence, there are limited services, including medical assistance, psychosocial support and safe spaces. In conflict areas, most hospitals, health centres or health posts have been destroyed or looted. In addition, most health services providers have not been properly trained on the identification and management of mental health and Sexual Gender Based Violence (SGBV). In fact, in spite of the high mental health needs (18% prevalence among adults)⁸ and the government's efforts in collaboration with WHO to implement the Mental Health Strategy (2012), there is still a lack of mental health care services and professionals. Ethiopia has a low number of healthcare providers compared to other countries in the region."}, {"bbox": [96, 1433, 1133, 1487], "category": "List-item", "text": "* **Limited capacities and coordination among peace building and conflict prevention stakeholders, particularly CSOs:** Few CSOs are working in the area of peace and most of them have limited capacities."}, {"bbox": [84, 1579, 691, 1603], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ Mini Demographic and Health Survey, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, 2019."}, {"bbox": [84, 1603, 807, 1625], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ Human Development Index, Human Development Reports, UNDP, consulted on 8 April 2022."}, {"bbox": [84, 1624, 1015, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ Mental health services in Ethiopia: emerging public health issue, Sathiyasuman, A., *Public Health* 125 (2011), 714–716."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 20"}]