[{"bbox": [97, 153, 1135, 233], "category": "Text", "text": "The impact of recent projects and programmes on urban development has been limited due to the lack of consistent and structured **institutional involvement** to support urban planning and management. This was largely due to the persistent political instability at national and local levels."}, {"bbox": [97, 258, 1135, 470], "category": "Text", "text": "The rapid urban growth in the country, which when well-planned can bring about positive socio-economic and environmental impacts, is currently mostly informal and results in a variety of negative effects. These range from greater social inequalities, deterioration of health conditions linked to the lack of access to basic services such as water and sanitation, traffic congestion, unordered waste management and heavy impacts on ecosystems, decreasing human well-being, among other aspects. Social inequalities can be more harsh for women, who have a higher need to enhance their financial independence and their access to education and health facilities. Women and groups living in vulnerable situations are also under-represented in decision-making due to the traditional roles women and men take within the household and the community."}, {"bbox": [97, 495, 1135, 630], "category": "Text", "text": "All of this is seriously hampering the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and contributing to social unrest and rapid **migration** to larger urban centres or to other countries. Therefore it is important to focus not only on the capital Bissau, but also in other main cities. It is crucial to mitigate uncontrolled migration to the capital, but also to promote the local economy and strengthen intermediate cities role as regional hubs for the provision of services and socio-economic opportunities according to the needs and potentials of each region."}, {"bbox": [97, 655, 1135, 869], "category": "Text", "text": "In addition, neither **decentralisation** nor **de-concentration** of public powers are currently effective in Guinea-Bissau. Except for a few competencies of the capital Bissau, local administrations do not enjoy organisational and financial autonomy, as the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Traditional Power (MATPL) and the Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Urbanism (MOPHU) retain most of the powers and prerogatives at central level. The Autonomous Sector of Bissau (SAB), through the Municipality of Bissau (CMB), is the only one among the nine regions of Guinea-Bissau that has administrative, patrimonial and financial autonomy. CMB also implements the infrastructure and urban development policies as established by the MOPHU. From an administrative perspective, it responds to the MATPL."}, {"bbox": [97, 894, 1135, 1001], "category": "Text", "text": "At the end of 2019, the EU hired UN-Habitat to undertake a strategic spatial analysis using the Spatial Development Framework (SDF) methodology. This study included an assessment of the population dynamics of Guinea-Bissau at the national level (rural-to-urban migration), of the accessibility to services and income opportunities and of the role played by major cities in addition to Bissau."}, {"bbox": [97, 1026, 1135, 1134], "category": "Text", "text": "This UN-Habitat study allowed to present the system of cities and other settlements in Guinea-Bissau, based on a spatial and functional hierarchy and on the role and importance each city plays in a given territory (the country's Spatial Structure). This process has highlighted that the current situation of solid waste management is one of the most critical issues according to the population."}, {"bbox": [97, 1134, 1135, 1239], "category": "Text", "text": "On the other hand, mapping data concerning socio-economic and environmental conditions at the sector level but over a nation-wide perspective allowed understanding of how the physical and socio-economic structures influence one another and how that can impact the demographic trends related to population growth and migration, particularly between urban and rural areas, and between the regions and the urban area of Bissau."}, {"bbox": [97, 1239, 1135, 1399], "category": "Text", "text": "All in all, the SDF of Guinea-Bissau includes concrete recommendations on where to invest and why to aim at : promoting a more balanced territorial development of the country, avoiding an over-concentration of investments in Bissau and reinforcing the potential of some key geographical areas which show still an unexplored growth potential. The SDF work has also been influencing strategic national development plans such as the *Terra Ranka 2035* under the 1st government of the 10th legislature, and consequently the current government's *Guinea-Bissau in light of COVID-19 – a new opportunity for a fresh start (2020-2023)*."}, {"bbox": [97, 1424, 343, 1451], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Solid waste management"}, {"bbox": [97, 1451, 1135, 1505], "category": "Text", "text": "In the country, the only city where a Solid Waste Management (SWM) system is formally implemented is the city of Bissau, under the responsibility of the CMB."}, {"bbox": [97, 1530, 993, 1557], "category": "Text", "text": "This SWM system is currently carried out in a very basic way, which can be described as follows:"}, {"bbox": [100, 1558, 1135, 1584], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Street cleaning is done manually; waste is collected at various points and transported to an open air dump site."}, {"bbox": [100, 1584, 1135, 1637], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Municipal solid waste is mostly collected by rented vehicles. The quantities collected by CMB are estimated at approximately 23 t/day, which corresponds to less than 10% of the total generated urban solid waste. In"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1680, 1145, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 27"}]