[{"bbox": [129, 153, 1134, 206], "category": "Text", "text": "addition, private companies licensed by the CMB also collect municipal waste. At the time of drafting Bissau's SWM plan, around 30% of municipal waste was collected."}, {"bbox": [101, 206, 1134, 259], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Uncollected garbage is left on the streets, then washed away by rainwater runoff and flooding, and ends up in rainwater drains (in the city centre only), plains, swamps and mangroves."}, {"bbox": [101, 259, 667, 287], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Approximately 20% of waste is openly burned by citizens."}, {"bbox": [101, 287, 1134, 337], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Waste was taken to a dump in Antula district till 2019, when it was closed and a new site was activated in the Safim area, in the outskirts of Bissau."}, {"bbox": [96, 364, 1134, 575], "category": "Text", "text": "The Safim site, identified and suggested in the SWM Plan, was supposed to be built as new sanitary landfill. Unfortunately, it ended up being used as a wild dump site as the necessary funding was not secured on time. In fact, in 2016 and 2017, thanks to a EU-funded project, the municipal SWM Plan for the city of Bissau was developed and approved by an interinstitutional committee. Importantly, the SWM Plan recommended the collection and separation of waste. A subsequent feasibility study supported by the WB suggested how to develop public private partnerships (PPPs) on the basis of the results of the previous EU project. The SWM Plan is now only partially implemented, due to lack of financial resources and institutional coordination between local and central authorities."}, {"bbox": [96, 577, 1134, 658], "category": "Text", "text": "However, these projects and proposals, combined with the dynamic role that CMB has undertaken in recent years constitute a solid starting point for the formulation of new SWM projects, despite the current absence of any ongoing/planned consistent programme in this key sector by major donors, excluding EU and EIB."}, {"bbox": [96, 658, 1134, 764], "category": "Text", "text": "In fact, in the context of the Clean Ocean initiative and starting from mid-2021, EIB has promoted, in coordination with the EU, various technical meetings and has elaborated a project for solid and liquid sanitation for the city of Bissau. This project is now entering in the technical and financial feasibility phase, and in case of confirmation, could integrate, in the coming years, the project proposed in this document."}, {"bbox": [96, 789, 444, 814], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Water and basic sanitation services"}, {"bbox": [96, 814, 1134, 919], "category": "Text", "text": "The rate of access to an improved water source deteriorated nationally between the MICS⁶ 5 (2014) and MICS 6 (2018-2019) surveys, from 74.8% to 66.8%. At urban level, the estimated rate is 84%. According to the MICS 6 surveys in 2018-2019, the rate of access to improved sanitation was 25% nationally, with 57% in urban areas and 7% in rural areas."}, {"bbox": [96, 921, 1134, 1079], "category": "Text", "text": "These data, due to the weight of the capital city, do not reflect the great disparities between Bissau and other secondary cities and regional capitals. Indeed, the majority of secondary cities are in a very critical situation, lacking most basic urban services (water, sanitation, electricity, etc.). Poor health service conditions, especially in the country's rural areas, impact women and children disproportionally, due to their limited access to basic services particularly with regard to the supply of drinking water, which is available within an average walking distance of about 30 minutes."}, {"bbox": [96, 1106, 1134, 1506], "category": "Text", "text": "There is no wastewater treatment system in any of Guinea-Bissau's cities. Individual sanitation is the standard, via septic tanks and, for the majority of citizens, latrines. Only 18% of the population has improved sanitation facilities for human waste; in rural areas this is as low as 3%.⁷ It is estimated that only 4.2% of the urban population is connected to septic tanks or sewers. The centre of Bissau is equipped with an old, dilapidated and non-functional sewage system connected to a sewer that empties into the Geba River, but the vast majority of the population (63.4%) uses septic tanks and improved latrines connected to storm drains, which increases the risk of bacterial pollution of surface and groundwater. The provision of services for emptying pits and latrines is underdeveloped. Sludge from latrines is usually evacuated by a municipal or private pumping truck, but as there are no facilities and no designated discharge point, it is simply dumped into nature or directly into one of the many waterways that surround Bissau. There is a lack of public policy for the collection and treatment of effluents from the pits. The rainwater drainage network is made up of a few channels, which are not very extensive and are often clogged due to silting and rubbish dumping. A Stormwater Master Plan for the city of Bissau was developed in 2008 and updated in 2015 with funding from BOAD⁸ and the Government of Guinea-Bissau. With an estimated cost of FCFA 95 billion, it has yet to be funded. In the current situation, the lack of treatment of grey and black water causes a major sanitation problem in the city."}, {"bbox": [85, 1575, 359, 1600], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys"}, {"bbox": [85, 1599, 434, 1623], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ UNDP Guinea-Bissau gender analysis, 2021."}, {"bbox": [85, 1622, 349, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ West African Development Bank"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 27"}]