[{"bbox": [93, 153, 1163, 237], "category": "Text", "text": "built upon. At the same time, there is room for improvement concerning the links between the different actors and the inter-disciplinarity of the different themes being developed. Notwithstanding, the action was a very successful vehicle for exchanging best practices in terms of policy making"}, {"bbox": [93, 255, 1163, 568], "category": "Text", "text": "Focusing on another key element of the modernisation of the economy, between 2014-2020 the United Nations Development Programme implemented a programme focusing on strengthening the banking system through technology transfer, human capital formation and digitalisation of financial systems and processes. The programme successfully contributed to strengthening the knowledge of bank managers and specialists in commercial banks and the Central Bank, and to develop the supply of microfinance and credit risk management. This experience at the level of the banking system was valuable and now needs to be complemented by direct capacity support to economic actors. Since February 2022, UNDP is also implementing a project financed by the Swedish cooperation that supports MSMEs more directly, developing a capacity building system for MSMEs and entrepreneurship at large, and strengthening the institutional framework at territorial level to enhance the activities MSMEs. As the project has not yet progressed sufficiently to learn lessons, it will be paramount to ensure coherence and feedback between this action and the project."}, {"bbox": [86, 634, 398, 664], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.5 The Intervention Logic"}, {"bbox": [97, 681, 1162, 765], "category": "Text", "text": "Strengthening the recent drive towards a more dynamic Cuban economy, this action will provide important support to the new economic actors, innovation and sustainable economic development, following the different steps of creating innovation, and developing and carrying out business activities."}, {"bbox": [97, 783, 1162, 1154], "category": "Text", "text": "In a first step, if the capacities of training centres and universities to support innovation and the management of science are increased, an efficient regulatory framework for new economic actors is developed, spaces for the creation and development of ideas, methods, and technologies are created, and the systems of dialogue and intermediation between economic actors and public institutions is strengthened, then the innovation system will be solid enough for the development of ideas, prototypes and projects to succeed. If indeed the public bodies continue to consider the new economic actors as a priority and deems relevant the project's advice on regulatory practices, if the relevant public institutions possess the necessary technical capacity to follow-up on the legislative questions and to maintain and further develop the digital tools that will be supported in favour of the MSMEs, then the national innovation system is capable of accompanying the economic actors in their production of goods and services. Similarly, if the target innovation centers and universities have the capacity to support innovation, and the host institutions of the creative spaces have the technical and financial capacity to maintain the tech parks the creative spaces that will be linked to, if there is a stable and reliable access to imports, then the development of prototypes and projects, tackling all the different entry points to innovation and laying the groundwork for ideas to flourish is strengthened."}, {"bbox": [97, 1172, 1162, 1342], "category": "Text", "text": "Secondly, if the capacities of the economic actors is strengthened for them to carry out their business activities, and if there are being supported in the administrative processes of creating and registering businesses, then their performance and production will be increased and the number of MSMEs will grow. Indeed, if the priority areas in which MSMEs will be supported reflect the interest from the economic actors, if the business environment is conducive enough, and if gender equality and women economic empowerment policies are followed-up by the government, then capitated MSMEs can unfold their full productive potential."}, {"bbox": [97, 1360, 1162, 1530], "category": "Text", "text": "Thirdly, if privately owned MSMEs are directly supported with funding in hard currency and equipment, and if the market and regulatory frameworks for access to finance is strengthened, the access to resources and financing of privately owned MSMEs will be significantly expanded. If indeed the financial support reaches the actors with greatest potential to boost the economy and to create new dynamics, and if trained personnel stay at their job, the action can boost access to resources and financing for MSMEs, replying to one of the most important challenges for MSMEs in the country and for the development of economic activities at large."}, {"bbox": [97, 1548, 1162, 1633], "category": "Text", "text": "Finally, if trade, co-investment and cooperation joint-ventures projects between Cuban, European and other regions are strengthened, and digital civil service tools accompanying these processes exist, then the access to international markets for MSMEs in export-related areas can be fostered significantly. If MSMEs and their international partners"}, {"bbox": [1027, 1681, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 11 of 22"}]