[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1136, 472], "category": "Text", "text": "predominantly work in agriculture, a sector that is highly vulnerable to natural disasters as outlined by a study conducted by FAO¹⁰ in 2019 where a vulnerability index (VI) was developed for 6 types of crops (rice, maise, sugarcane, coffee, fruits, cassava), 5 livestock (pig, poultry, cattle, buffaloes, dairy), 2 aquaculture varieties (fish, shrimp), and 53 813 water resources infrastructure assets. As the most vulnerable social group to natural disasters, women have fewer savings than men, limited access to resources such as land, credit, agricultural inputs, decision-making structures, technology, training and extension services that would enhance their capacity to adapt to climate change and improve disaster resilience.¹¹ Promoting an effective and inclusive social protection system, with a special focus on supporting the most vulnerable people, including women, and to foster the use of technology in disaster risk reduction and prevention would enable more efficient and targeted public services provision. Last but not least, women's limited participation in decision making bodies and are experiencing difficulties at making their voice heard in relation to Viet Nam's political priorities and macro issues, such as policies on green growth, climate change and disaster preparedness."}, {"bbox": [96, 496, 1135, 551], "category": "Text", "text": "Viet Nam seeks to comply with its **international obligations** regarding respect and observance of social, climate, environmental and human rights."}, {"bbox": [136, 552, 1136, 709], "category": "List-item", "text": "* In view of the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction, the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint 2025 highlights the need to protect human rights of women and other vulnerable groups and strengthen institutional and human capacity to implement climate-change adaptation and mitigation, especially among vulnerable communities. And the 7th session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, (Bali May 2022), reconfirms commitments to taking the Sendai Framework implementation forward."}, {"bbox": [136, 712, 1136, 1084], "category": "List-item", "text": "* The most recent commitment of Viet Nam on climate change (CC) mitigation was the Prime Minister's announcement of \"net-Zero by 2050\", made at COP26 in Glasgow, which will be a basis for JETP (and other climate-related processes in the future), and should be translated into Green Growth Action Plan between now and 2030, an on-going formulation process, led by MPI. e. After the COP26, Viet Nam has been improving its NDCs, in view of updating mitigation targets in 5 sectors of energy, agriculture, industrial processes, land-use; land-use change; and sustainable forestry (LULUCF), and waste for 2021–2030. On top of that, the revised Law on Environmental Protection establishes a mandate for MONRE and for MOF to design a domestic Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) for carbon credits, set up mechanism and allows for the inclusion of domestic and international offsets. In January 2022, the Government of Viet Nam issued \"Decree 06/2022/ND-CP\", which provides regulations under the \"Law on Environmental Protection\" and outlines a roadmap for the implementation of a National Crediting Mechanism (NCM) and the ETS. The decree requires facilities with annual GHG emissions above 3 000 tCO2e to submit a biennial inventory report of their emissions from 2025 onwards. The Government approved the National Climate Change Strategy to 2050 on 26 September 2022."}, {"bbox": [136, 1085, 1136, 1427], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Adaptation plays a key role in Viet Nam's NDCs. MoNRE, through an inter-ministerial working group and stakeholder consultations, is working on a National Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Viet Nam (NCCAP). Covering the period of 2021-2030, the Plan is expected to (i) Reduce vulnerabilities to climate change impacts, by enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience; and (ii) Enhance the integration of climate change adaptation actions into relevant policies, strategies, program and projects, especially in socio-economic development planning of ministries, branches and localities. UNDP is supporting Viet Nam to enhance gender mainstreaming in the National Adaptation Plans to become more gender-responsive and better able to meet the needs, priorities, and challenges faced by women. From the pilot/financial side UNDP is working with farmers in the south-central coastal province of Binh Thuan, especially women, to save 50 percent in energy consumption for off-season dragon fruit production and through a Green Climate Fund-financed project, UNDP is supporting vulnerable communities to enhance their resilience to storms by providing climate resilient houses to meet the needs of vulnerable women and their households."}, {"bbox": [136, 1430, 1136, 1539], "category": "List-item", "text": "* As a follow-up of COP26, German G7 Presidency proposed to explore the possibility to launch Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETP) with a number of countries, including Viet Nam. Negotiations are being led by the EU and UK. Though there is no commitment reached, the JETP initiative would bring in opportunities for structured dialogues on CC mitigation that the Action could consider to engage."}, {"bbox": [86, 1597, 905, 1622], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ June 2021, Vulnerability and risk assessments of agriculture sector in Vietnam, FAO and UNDP"}, {"bbox": [86, 1622, 224, 1644], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ UN Chronicle"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 26"}]