[{"bbox": [83, 103, 1146, 184], "category": "Text", "text": "**A people-centred approach** will be adopted by empowering people living in the most vulnerable situations with information, skills and opportunities: for rights holders to be aware of their rights, access and utilise those (non-)state institutions for claiming a right, obtaining redress for a grievance or settling a dispute."}, {"bbox": [83, 209, 1146, 529], "category": "Text", "text": "**Through the gender-equality and human rights-based approach (HRBA)**, women's legal and economic empowerment will be further enhanced with the mainstreaming of gender in the design and implementation of the Action through activities aimed at protecting their access to land and providing legal aid to ethnic minority women. Budgeting for the justice sector could also focus on poorer districts and the creation of facilities and programmes which can ensure women's access to justice (e.g., family courts, domestic violence courts, land courts and integrated victim support units)³. Achieving gender equality and women's empowerment is essential to achieve all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), (not only SDG5), including SDG 16 relating to Access to Justice. To this end, each result area of the Action addresses multiple intersectional forms of discrimination against women and girls. Furthermore, given the specific developmental needs and vulnerabilities of children, the Action will adopt both a child-sensitive approach and gender-mainstreaming in justice processes and preserving their environment, access to natural resources, land, and capacity building to stand for their rights to be free from gender-based violence (GBV), clean water, education, identity, jobs, and safe cities."}, {"bbox": [83, 553, 1146, 687], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will build on the previous EU programmes to i) support the completion of the Legal Framework in compliance with international standards and good practices; ii) strengthen inclusive access to independent and reliable justice; iii) strengthen legal and human rights education and capacity building, and iv) reinforce the implementation of international commitments through improving domestic law and monitoring of Viet Nam's obligations under UN Human Rights mechanisms more effectively."}, {"bbox": [72, 712, 250, 736], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [72, 765, 219, 789], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [83, 819, 339, 845], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### 2.1.1 Context of country"}, {"bbox": [83, 859, 1160, 1179], "category": "Text", "text": "Viet Nam is a country with 54 ethnic groups and a population of 98 million. Viet Nam's transition towards a market economy and a state based on the rule of law has gradually improved the quality of its governance, with improvement in scores for various dimensions of good governance. Viet Nam has become a development success story, owing to its high rate of poverty reduction and economic growth⁴ and the economy has evolved into one that is dynamic, market-oriented, integrated, and connected to the global economy, with notable improvements in access and quality of services. With a Human Development Index of 0.704, Viet Nam ranked 117 out of 189 countries in the high human development category in 2020.⁵ The basis for programming is Viet Nam's Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) 2021-2030 and Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP) 2021-2025. In addition, the Government of Viet Nam has created an enabling legal environment and encouraged foreign and domestic private sectors to invest and do business in line with sustainable development principles. The EU-VN Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) came into force on in August 2020. EVFTA has been described as the most ambitious trade agreement the EU has ever signed with a developing country. It eliminates 99 % of customs duties⁶."}, {"bbox": [83, 1205, 1160, 1392], "category": "Text", "text": "Viet Nam is one of the most affected countries by climate change. Moreover, increasingly integrated into the world economy, Viet Nam is more vulnerable to fluctuations. Viet Nam has a fast-growing middle class with good economic and educational background. Viet Nam's poor make up more than 70% of its ethnic minorities, yet poverty affects less than 10% of the population. Even though Viet Nam was able to contain the outbreak of COVID-19 in as early as 2020, the economy was still negatively affected and grew at only 2.91%, one of the lowest rates recorded in recent decades. The average GDP growth in 2016 – 2020 is approximately 6% per year, lower than the target in SEDP 2016-2020 (6.5 - 7% per year).⁷"}, {"bbox": [83, 1429, 310, 1456], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### 2.1.2 Political System"}, {"bbox": [72, 1523, 1110, 1575], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ A Practitioner's Toolkit on Women's Access to Justice Programming. Module 1: The Theory and Practice of Women's Access to Justice Programming"}, {"bbox": [72, 1575, 362, 1596], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ Source: World Bank Viet Nam. 2021"}, {"bbox": [72, 1597, 410, 1619], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ UNDP, Human Development Report 2020."}, {"bbox": [72, 1619, 179, 1639], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ Source: EU."}, {"bbox": [72, 1639, 686, 1661], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ The National Assembly's Resolution No. 142/2016/QH13 on SEDP 2016-2020."}]