[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1134, 313], "category": "Text", "text": "the (ground) water resources and alter the occurrence and distribution of pests⁸. Uganda is furthermore experiencing significant impacts characterised by changing weather patterns, drop in water levels, increased frequency of extreme weather events (e.g., mudslides, landslides, and flooding) that have increased over the last 30 years⁹. Climate change has affected agriculture, water, health and human settlements. The people living in poverty in rural areas and minorities groups are particularly vulnerable and poorly equipped to cope with and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change."}, {"bbox": [96, 317, 1134, 504], "category": "Text", "text": "An overall estimation of the implementation of the (yet to be adopted) NDC is based on the third National Development Plan budget estimations at 16.2 bn USD. This NDC also indicated that 67% of the budget is expected to come from the public sector both domestic fiscal financing as well as from other public financing mechanisms, including but not limited to Development Assistance Grants, petroleum and petroleum related revenues, Public and Private Partnerships, South-South Cooperation and public debt acquisition. An estimated 33% is expected to come from private sector funding including domestic private investments, FDI, private remittance/diaspora resources, NGO/CSO/philanthropy and blended financing solutions."}, {"bbox": [96, 509, 1134, 561], "category": "Text", "text": "The action addresses the financing gap by providing and facilitating access to climate finance at three different levels:"}, {"bbox": [96, 568, 1134, 1047], "category": "List-item", "text": "1. Local Level. Parties to the UNFCCC recognize the local and subnational dimensions of adaptation to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, country ownership including at subnational and local levels and the need to take into account the urgent needs of developing country Parties recognised by the convention as particularly vulnerable nations (Art. 7 and 11, Paris Agreement). Additional recognition came at COP26, with the Glasgow Climate Pact urging ‘the Parties to further integrate adaptation into local, national and regional planning’ and called for multilevel and cooperative action. Local authorities are increasingly seen as key in the promotion of climate change adaptation and in building resilience to climate change at the local level. They are in a unique position to identify the climate change adaptation responses that best meet local needs of women and men, and typically are mandated to undertake the small- to medium-sized adaptation and infrastructure investments needed for building climate resilience gender and human rights sensitive – e.g. land use and sustainable agriculture, water management, irrigation and drainage, environmental and natural resources management, and disaster risk management. Plus, they have the legitimacy and convening power to coordinate, co-finance and interact with stakeholders, including national level institutions, civil society bodies, the private sector and various local government departments. Yet, they frequently lack the technical capacity and resources to fulfil this mandate – especially in a way which is aligned with established decision-making processes and public planning and budgeting cycles. Based on this, UNCDF has developed a methodology, with EU funding, to support Local Climate Adaptation actions. The LoCAL initiative started 10 years ago and since then more countries have joined, including Uganda."}, {"bbox": [96, 1046, 1134, 1312], "category": "List-item", "text": "2. National Level. Central Government plays a key role in mobilizing financing for climate action. The Government of Uganda wants to ensure they are able to access more innovative climate finance mechanisms such as emissions trading through carbon markets, green bonds, loans, and credit guarantees and to develop more of the projects as proposed as part of the third NDP, its Programme Implementation Action Plans (PIAPs) and new projects that are brought to MoFPED's attention through the Ugandan Public Investment Management System (PIMS) process. The GoU would like to develop more climate change related projects funded by ensuring more project concept notes are developed into fundable/bankable project proposals. They also need to ensure investment projects are turned into green projects that are inclusive and are gender responsive. Furthermore, it is important for the government that the relevant government entities catalyse these processes, and dependency on third parties is limited."}, {"bbox": [96, 1311, 1134, 1524], "category": "List-item", "text": "3. Private Sector. As stated 33% of the financing is expected to come from the private sector. Banks and green SMEs will play a key role in unlocking the financing of the projects, nonetheless neither sides is ready for the shift from “business as usual” to climate sensitive projects.\n\nRegarding gender aspects, it can be mentioned that there are shortfalls: unclear gender terminology and gender stereotypes, insufficient consideration to gender structural constraints in policy and instruments, ineffective decentralization as a key barrier for gender sensitive policies. Those shortfalls are due to customary laws and traditions greatly influencing the governance systems of rural communities (example: land ownership and policy, choices of adaptation strategies, different responsibilities).¹⁰"}, {"bbox": [85, 1563, 507, 1583], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ MFA (2018). Climate Change Profile Uganda. Accessed here"}, {"bbox": [85, 1582, 1071, 1622], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ MAAIF (2018). URL: https://www.agriculture.go ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GuidelinesforMainstreaming-Climate-Change-Adaptation-and-Mitigation-in-the-Agricultural-Sector-Policies-Plans-1.pdf"}, {"bbox": [85, 1621, 907, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ https://www.wocan.org/sites/default/files/PACCA%20Gender%20Info%20Note%20Uganda.pdf"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 26"}]