[{"bbox": [86, 151, 1143, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "frontier and illegal logging. The lack of initiatives for sustainable tourism, as an additional axis of economic development in remote rural areas, puts conservation and protection of the Mayan Biosphere forests in danger."}, {"bbox": [85, 226, 1144, 452], "category": "Text", "text": "Air connectivity to Petén is insufficient, land access is lengthy and precarious and security conditions are poor. There is a lack of human resource capacities for tourism management and little exchange between national and local authorities with tour operators and investors to promote the application of the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. Another problem is the centralization of tourism sector decisions, which focusses on the traditional attractions of Guatemala, and the limited attention and opportunities given to so-called Self-Management Commissions for Tourism (CATs), which join private sector actors, local organizations and non-government organisations at local level. These initiatives are better prepared to design sustainable tourism models and develop local circuits that integrate and complement Petén's emblematic attractions such as Tikal, Isla de Flores and Yaxhá."}, {"bbox": [86, 471, 755, 499], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Component 5: Improve solid waste management and sewage systems"}, {"bbox": [85, 516, 1143, 658], "category": "Text", "text": "The central axis of the department of Petén is articulated around Lake Petén Itzá. It groups the main urban centres with a population of 153,473 inhabitants along the shores of the lake. The accelerated processes of land use change and population growth in recent years, together with the increasing effects of climate change and a growing demand for goods, products and services, have a negative impact not only on the entire watershed but also on the lake itself, which acts as the ultimate recipient of the many deterioration processes."}, {"bbox": [85, 677, 1144, 933], "category": "Text", "text": "Management and development plans for the basin and its municipalities are not up to date, nor are there any models developed for the upcoming growth of population and socioeconomic activities, in or dependent of the watershed. There is not a single landfill with sanitary guarantees for urban solid waste, and all of the existing ones in the basin have management problems such as leaching control, washing-out and dragging of waste, including toxic and hazardous left-overs e.g. from hospitals. Basic sanitation coverage barely exceeds 20%, which means that 120 000 inhabitants discharge raw sewage into the lake, increasing its eutrophication and silting. The enormous pressures from primary activities in the south of the watershed result in a high level of diffuse pollution that flows into the lake; many creeks and gullies show high levels of organic contamination, anoxia problems and large amounts of dissolved solids and particles."}, {"bbox": [85, 950, 1144, 1063], "category": "Text", "text": "Petén's public institutions lack sufficient capacity, tools and resources to manage this problem. Continuous changes in technical personnel at all involved administrative levels, the country's centralization and decision making based on political rather than technical aspects have led to a significant deficit in the administration and management of basic public services."}, {"bbox": [86, 1127, 1129, 1183], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [86, 1201, 1143, 1285], "category": "Text", "text": "Due to the features of a multi-sector and multi-level intervention, covering the entire geography of a macro region, the number of involved entities, organisations and partners is considerable and their capacities vary widely. However, the main stakeholders for this action can be organised in three levels according to their mandates:"}, {"bbox": [85, 1303, 1144, 1569], "category": "Text", "text": "**At policy level,** the Governorate of Petén has the mandate for designing regional development plans and fomenting the implementation of national sector policies at Department level. Main mechanism for fulfilling its constitutional mandate constitutes the Departmental Council for Urban and Rural Development (Consejo Departamental de Desarrollo Urbano y Rural, CODEDE), which brings together over 40 public entities, municipalities, civil society, private sector and academic institutions of Petén. It is at this level where the proposed action intends to trigger a transition towards a green development model for the Petén region based on environmentally friendly programmes in strategic sectors. As the President nominates the governors, they count with some influence at the central ministries of the State; however, the operational capacity of the governorate of Petén is limited. It is worthwhile mentioning that during past years the Governorate of Petén achieved the highest scores in budget execution of public investment throughout all Guatemala."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1143, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 8 of 30"}]