[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1180, 313], "category": "Text", "text": "The action falls under MIP 2021 -2027 Priority 1 ‘Environment, and climate change adaptation and mitigation’. It contributes directly to the Specific Objective (SO3): ‘Community resilience: Disaster risk reduction; prevention and preparation’. The action responds to the basic principles of the international and EU policy framework, such as the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). It also aligns with Nicaragua’s climate change and disaster risk management policies and plans."}, {"bbox": [96, 337, 1179, 419], "category": "Text", "text": "The action contributes mainly to the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (13.1, 13.3, 13.b); 1: End poverty (1.5); 5: Achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls (5.5); and 11: Sustainable cities and communities (11.5, 11.b, 11.c)."}, {"bbox": [96, 444, 1179, 604], "category": "Text", "text": "The action contributes to GAP 3 priority 3.6. Addressing the challenges and harnessing the opportunities offered by the green transition and the digital transformation and builds on and provides support to initiatives developed by the European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) in Nicaragua to strengthen the Humanitarian, Development and Peace (HDP) Nexus with cooperation through continuity and long-term sustainability, including a peacebuilding approach through activities that promote dialogue and peaceful conflict resolution."}, {"bbox": [85, 658, 323, 690], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [85, 723, 235, 750], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [96, 770, 1179, 1087], "category": "Text", "text": "Nicaragua is one of the least developed countries in Latin America, where access to basic services is a daily challenge⁹. The Social Progress Index (2021)¹⁰ classifies Nicaragua as a medium social progress country, placing it 108th out of 168 countries. For 2020, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was USD 1 922 (constant prices)¹¹. Nicaragua is one of the four countries with the highest poverty rates¹² in Central and South America. It belongs to the five countries in Latin America with more significant structural gaps in areas such as income per capita, productivity, poverty, education, environment, infrastructure, investment, health, and gender¹³. In 2020, the country experienced an increase in the number of people living under the poverty line, reaching 45.4% (almost 3 million people), from which 8.7% corresponded to extreme poverty (people living with less than one dollar per day). Poverty incidence is high for the rural population in general, but especially among those living in the Caribbean Coast Autonomous Regions, where it reaches 63.2% of the population¹⁴. Only 52% of Nicaragua's population has access to drinking water. The Latin America and Caribbean SDGs report (2019) highlights that Nicaragua lags in reaching the SDGs, ranking 16 out of 24 countries¹⁵."}, {"bbox": [96, 1114, 1179, 1328], "category": "Text", "text": "These gaps are even more comprehensive for indigenous and afro-descent peoples, especially those living in the 23 entitled territories on the Caribbean Coast, where conditions of employment, income, education, health, infrastructure, or access to basic services show a disadvantaged situation. Regarding education indicators, the Autonomous Regions also lag behind the Pacific and the national averages. For instance, 18.7% of the population aged 10 or higher in the Autonomous Regions are illiterate (8% higher than the Pacific and 4.3% higher than the national average), and the average years of schooling is 5.6 years (well below the 7.5 years in the Pacific and the national average of 6.7 years)¹⁶. Conditions and indicators decline even further for those communities displaced by either natural hazards-induced disasters or land grabbing."}, {"bbox": [96, 1353, 1179, 1406], "category": "Text", "text": "Populations in these regions have suffered decades of degradation of human rights, often due to state-led policies that promoted exclusion and depletion of natural resources providing basic livelihood. Land expropriation has become a"}, {"bbox": [85, 1449, 759, 1472], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ Retrieved from: World Bank, 2021. Nicaragua: panorama general (bancomundial.org)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1471, 617, 1493], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ Retrieved from: Global Index: Results | Social Progress Imperative."}, {"bbox": [85, 1493, 912, 1516], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ Retrieved from: PIB per cápita (USD a precios constantes de 2010) - Nicaragua | Data (bancomundial.org)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1514, 338, 1534], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² ECLAC, 2019; CABEI, 2020."}, {"bbox": [85, 1535, 1088, 1559], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹³ ECLAC (2012). Middle-income countries: a new approach based on structural gaps. Retrieved from: S2012863_es.pdf (cepal.org)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1558, 1144, 1602], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁴ Fundación Internacional para el Desafío Económico (FIDEG). Encuesta de Hogares para Medir la Pobreza en Nicaragua – Informe de Resultados 2019. Retrieved from: http://fideg.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Informe-Pobreza-FIDEG-2019.pdf."}, {"bbox": [85, 1601, 810, 1624], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁵ Retrieved from: Índice-ODS-2019-para-América-Latina-y-el-Caribe-2.pdf (uniandes.edu.co)."}, {"bbox": [85, 1623, 617, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁶ FIDEG, 2020. Household Survey to Measure Poverty in Nicaragua."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 32"}]