[{"bbox": [96, 150, 1164, 551], "category": "Text", "text": "young entrepreneurs and MSMEs able to drive growth and job creation. To these we easily add the specific gaps that hinder the development of health and pharmaceutical industries in Ghana (such as e.g. lack of a clear intellectual property framework, unregulated and overpriced inbound logistics chain of the health and pharmaceutical value chains, which leads to high prices, absence of effective and coordinated incentives and support for local pharmaceutical production according to WHO recognised standards, etc.). There are also potential barriers related to imports and exports of pharmaceuticals, including vaccines and vaccine inputs. These challenges need to be addressed in an integrated and coordinated manner, including through full, effective and timely implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, with due regard to the flexible rules of origin under the EPA and the need to improve a business friendly environment and trade facilitation to foster investment in the pharmaceutical sector in Ghana. Government's support for entrepreneurship is uncoordinated and fragmented, consisting of multiple agencies and programmes that provide overlapping support without a clear overall vision. Public-private dialogue is often weak. Entrepreneurship support policies, programmes, and actors in Ghana are growing at a rapid pace, but the country still lags many of its regional peers in terms of ecosystem maturity: GoG has launched different sandbox programmes to help innovators test their solutions in a regulated environment, however implementation of such programmes seems slow. Another major issue is that start-ups most often die after the support phase is over."}, {"bbox": [96, 575, 1164, 736], "category": "Text", "text": "As regards digitalisation of entrepreneurship, for Ghana to position itself as a leading digital innovation hub, the country needs to strategically invest in the foundational elements of its digital economy and to successfully implement its digitalisation policies, namely the New Digital Economy Policy and the Digital Transformation Master Plan. A holistic approach to digital economy development is necessary to maximize Ghana's chance for attaining its digital potential and set the conditions for MSMEs growth through a number of enabling policies. Hence, there needs to be an overarching concertation governing the action of GoG in digital transformation."}, {"bbox": [96, 760, 1164, 974], "category": "Text", "text": "As far as the green economy in Ghana is concerned, the National Green Jobs Strategy 2021-2027 outlines a roadmap for greater coordination among public and private actors, but its implementation lays ahead. A key challenge remains creating a conducive business regulatory environment and ecosystem to allow the convergence of stakeholders (public sector, academia, private sector) around the same objective of boosting the integration of Ghanaian entrepreneurs (specifically targeting young people and women, as well as marginalized communities in the country's North) in the green, circular and digital sectors (including creative, heritage, culture and health and pharmaceutical sectors) and allow wider and equitable access to investing in these sectors. Down the line, support should also facilitate digital and green entrepreneurs' access to markets."}, {"bbox": [96, 998, 1164, 1054], "category": "Text", "text": "Ghana plans to conduct a comprehensive analysis of job potentials and economic diversification opportunities for each of the nationally determined contribution (NDC) sectors, thereby directly linking climate action to the economy."}, {"bbox": [96, 1078, 1164, 1160], "category": "Text", "text": "Appropriate business environment and ecosystem are very relevant for health industries (including pharma industry, medical digital industry and others). The specificities of health industries compared with other industries (related for example to financing, safety, and regulatory issues) have to be taken into account."}, {"bbox": [96, 1184, 1164, 1480], "category": "Text", "text": "**Low level of business digitalisation and e-commerce:** In Ghana, business' platform diffusion remains low. Only 28 % of domestic MSMEs have a website and only 7.8 % of people perform online transactions. However, with these modest figures, Ghana ranks pretty well in the African digital landscape: Ghana ranks third in Africa in private digital platforms, after Nigeria and South Africa. Digital platforms in Ghana are transforming the provision of services, particularly in the retail, transportation and accommodation sectors. Microwork platforms are increasingly becoming source of job creation for entrepreneurs and a promising area for digital earning opportunities but it requires minimum access standards (device and internet). It is estimated that 1 % of internet users in the country are microwork users and mainly youth and women. Digital commerce starts ramping up, positioning Ghana as the sixth country in Africa in B2C e-commerce in 2018, climbing six positions from its 2017 ranking¹¹. Considering that digital workers could make up more than 10 % of the labour force of Africa by 2030¹², there is an untapped potential that needs to be explored."}, {"bbox": [96, 1504, 1164, 1559], "category": "Text", "text": "**Difficult to reach international value chains,** especially for young entrepreneurs, notably young women entrepreneurs and start-ups. Only recently the so-called digital business with IT-services and Business Process"}, {"bbox": [87, 1606, 677, 1628], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ Ghana Digital Economy Diagnostic, Stocktaking Report, the World Bank, 2019, p. 19."}, {"bbox": [87, 1625, 294, 1644], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² Mastercard Foundation 2019"}, {"bbox": [1027, 1680, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 11 of 30"}]