[{"bbox": [97, 152, 1135, 206], "category": "Text", "text": "Although some progress has been made under phase I of the programme in designating specialised SGBV courts, more progress is required in this area."}, {"bbox": [97, 232, 310, 259], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Anti-Corruption sector"}, {"bbox": [97, 284, 1135, 336], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite the major achievements registered in the anti-corruption sector, AC sector reforms are mainly concentrated at the federal level."}, {"bbox": [97, 363, 1135, 524], "category": "Text", "text": "**Legal and systems gaps:** the 2021 Annual Non-Compliance Report of the Nigerian Auditor-General's Office identified major cross cutting gaps in Ministries Development and Agencies (MDAs), such as advances to officers not recovered, unspent balances on capital votes not returned to the treasury and contract awarded with irregularities. Some of the laws reviewed by the Law Review Team under the Federal Ministry of Justice (FMoJ) were enacted, whereas bills such as the Public Interest Disclosure Bill and the Witness Protection and Management Bill remain to be passed by the National Assembly and be implemented."}, {"bbox": [97, 549, 1135, 710], "category": "Text", "text": "**Coordination and collaboration remain limited among AC Agencies (ACA) and with other relevant stakeholders in the different sectors such as MDAs, CSOs and the private sector at federal and state levels. Building upon the existing coordination forum and based on tangible needs, more coordination could be sought around mutual agreements, joint exercises, exchange of experiences, referrals, capacity building and sharing of resources. However, there are no coordination platforms similar to Inter Agency Task Team (IATT) in the States, and no platform, which would interlink the ACAs across Federal and State levels.**"}, {"bbox": [97, 735, 1135, 895], "category": "Text", "text": "**Recent Corruption Risk Assessment (CRA) studies** are absent in priority fields of public procurement, the extractive industries and the criminal justice system. Most of the ACA's preventive functions are not supported by up to date CRA or system studies. Most ACAs except Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) reportedly lack experience and skills on CRA. CRA in the justice sector are very rare except an assessment of the technical capacity and integrity assessment of the justice system in three Nigerian States (Borno, Delta and Lagos) in 2008, which indicated a clear link between delay in judicial process and corruption."}, {"bbox": [97, 920, 1135, 1107], "category": "Text", "text": "**The ACAs prevention and law enforcement activities** are affected by lack of technical capacity, the delay in corruption trials and asset recovery decisions. Training centres of ACAs such as the Training Academies of Independent Corrupted Practices and other related crimes Commission (ICPC) and the Economic and Financial Crime Commissions (EFCC) may be useful to sustainably reach a larger number of staff and attain the desired level of capacity in the long term. Some ACAs request capacity building support to use Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) systems for settling selected categories of corruption cases. Almost all ACA also face issues in managing assets recovered."}, {"bbox": [97, 1132, 1135, 1266], "category": "Text", "text": "**Internal oversight mechanisms** embedded within the MDAs across the public sector are instrumental in fighting corruption due to their accessibility and low cost involved in reporting. Independent and strong internal oversight mechanisms can be also used to refer cases to ACAs, where the cases reported are beyond the institution's powers or not resolved within the institution. CSOs reported difficulties in dialoguing with ACAs and the government, namely those working on budget and audit issues due to a lack of interest from the ACAs and the government."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1680, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 8 of 29"}]