[{"bbox": [97, 178, 1134, 365], "category": "Text", "text": "Although conversations with the State Government are still ongoing, the UN Offer Note includes support for the different pillars prioritized and gathers the expertise and previous experience in support of Disengagement, Disassociation, Reintegration, and Reconciliation (DDRR) and Prevention and Countering of Violent Extremism (PCVE) processes at the Federal, State, and regional level (LCB) among the four agencies. Additionally, it distributes the activities each agency could implement in support of the Model, with additional funding or ongoing projects, such as the EU Support for Reconciliation and Re-integration of Former Armed non-state Combatants and Boko Haram Associates (S2R), the Peace-Building Fund (PBF), SD3R, and others¹⁷."}, {"bbox": [97, 390, 1134, 710], "category": "Text", "text": "This Action cuts across the current DDR environment in Nigeria by supporting important components of both OPSC and the Borno Model (connected to the UN Offer Note), with a principle focus on sustainable, inclusive and gender responsive community-driven reintegration and reconciliation, and improving the government's capacities for transitional and criminal justice. Although this Action is not designed to support all aspects of DDR (e.g. disarmament, demobilisation, and camp management), the SD3R will strive to ensure operational alignment, coordination, and complementarity between the two parallel DDR systems in Nigeria – OPSC and the Borno Model – and contribute to an effective and sustainable rights-based management process for individuals leaving the conflict and vulnerable community members while supporting sustainable social, political, and economic reintegration. Lasting peace and stability in the region will likely be severely threatened unless the challenges of successfully reintegrating thousands of predominantly young people, including men, women, and children associated with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs), are met through effective and coordinated exit strategies providing sustainable and meaningful civilian roles."}, {"bbox": [97, 736, 646, 761], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## COUNTER-TERRORISM AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE"}, {"bbox": [97, 787, 1127, 1107], "category": "Text", "text": "The militarization of the conflict in north-east Nigeria has inevitably given rise to a bias in government with an emphasis on the use of force. In the north-east, this has had a negative effect on many in the civilian population. There have been persistent and credible reports of human rights abuses and international humanitarian law violations by military, Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), security and law enforcement personnel. One particularly relevant and egregious area of concern in this area is the indefinite detentions, in some cases for more than five years without trial. Human rights abuses can also be a driver of terrorist recruitment. In this context of conflict, human rights violations include sexual violence, forced marriage, rape, deprivation of access to health or education, kidnapping or human trafficking, among other types of inhuman and degrading treatment. These human rights violations contravene Chapter IV of the Constitution which protects the fundamental rights of all citizens including the right to life, dignity of the human person, personal liberty, amongst other such rights. Therefore, the Nigerian government, as a duty bearer has an obligation to adopt measures to prevent, investigate, prosecute, and punish these human rights abuses."}, {"bbox": [97, 1133, 1134, 1237], "category": "Text", "text": "Nigeria continues to face profound terrorism challenges from Boko Haram, which is one of the deadliest terrorist groups in the world. Since Boko Haram rose to prominence, the Nigeria Government has been working to address the challenges posed by the terrorist threat, having passed counter-terrorism legislation, the Terrorism Prevention Act 2011, and its amendment in 2013."}, {"bbox": [97, 1265, 1134, 1506], "category": "Text", "text": "In 2014, the Nigerian Government developed a National Counter-Terrorism Strategy (NACTEST) which was revised in 2016 by President Muhammadu Buhari once needs and challenges were identified for combating insecurity and counter-terrorism as one of the main three priorities of his government. In 2017, a National Countering Violent Extremism Programme was developed with a Policy Framework and National Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism. Both documents address a broad range of areas which are important to countering terrorism and addressing the conditions conducive to terrorism. In particular, the NACTEST acknowledges that strengthening the criminal justice response to terrorism is a key component of an effective and comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy, both to prevent terrorist acts from being committed and to bring perpetrators to justice."}, {"bbox": [85, 1549, 1144, 1627], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ Ongoing IOM/FCDO Support to OPSC regional Coordination, IOM/FPI project \"Supporting the Efforts of the Nigerian Government on Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) and promoting Disengagement, Disassociation, Reintegration, and Reconciliation (DDRR)\", and the Regional Stabilization Strategy (RSS) activities."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1680, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 9 of 39"}]