[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1165, 639], "category": "Text", "text": "needs at household level (cooking, heating) and reduce the environmental and health hazards associated with indoor air pollution. Thus, the action will contribute to mitigating i.e. reducing or avoiding present or future greenhouse gases emissions. This is achieved by substituting current or future fossil fuel use (e.g. in diesel generators or thermal power plants), avoiding energy consumption with fossil fuel components in energy efficiency investments, or by avoiding unsustainable use of biomass. In addition, some climate change adaptation impacts can be expected as, in general, a decentralised energy system is less exposed to natural disasters or other risks arising from weather extremes (e.g. increased soil erosion in excessive rainfall situations, leading to hydropower dam siltation and thus reduced power generation). Mini-grids, in addition to strengthening the overall system resilience by way of being isolated from risk-exposed main grids, enable localised value addition, like food processing and storage, thus contributing to more resilient food supply and economic activity. On the other hand, standalone systems include productive use systems with similar benefits to mini-grids (solar mills, fridges, etc.), and support solar water pumping which enables tailored irrigation solutions for individual farms. Finally, clean cooking solutions are an essential factor to tackle deforestation, which is of critical importance given the link between forests, soil erosion and water supply. Methane is a powerful trigger of ozone and a powerful greenhouse gas. The action will contribute to Nigeria's effort to reduce methane emission and gas flaring with direct benefit to the climate and to air quality. At the level of specific interventions, environmental impact assessment and climate risk assessment will be conducted as needed, based on the results of national, EU and/or implementing partner screening procedures."}, {"bbox": [96, 650, 763, 679], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Outcomes of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) screening**"}, {"bbox": [96, 678, 1164, 786], "category": "Text", "text": "The EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) screening classified the action as Category B (not requiring an EIA, but for which environment aspects will be addressed during design)]. One of the activities under this action which seeks to support the development of an on-grid solar park will carry out an environmental impact and social assessment as part of the soft component of the project to be funded under a blending operation."}, {"bbox": [96, 795, 1164, 904], "category": "Text", "text": "**Outcome of the CRA (Climate Risk Assessment) screening** The Climate Risk Assessment (CRA) screening concluded that this action is of no or low risk which implies no need for further assessment. The rationale behind this is that the proposed action will not pose risks in the context of climate change or biodiversity. Rather, this action will mitigate climate change by reducing CO2 emissions."}, {"bbox": [96, 915, 638, 943], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Gender equality and empowerment of women and girls**"}, {"bbox": [96, 942, 1164, 1127], "category": "Text", "text": "As per the OECD Gender DAC codes identified in section 1.1, this action is labelled as G1. This implies that it does include gender equality and empowerment of women and girls as a significant objective of the action (featuring a respective indicator at this level). The action inherently addresses gender equality through its support to decentralised business models that empower local stakeholders, both entrepreneurs as well as end-users, incl. women and youth, through access to energy and digital solutions, among others. The action will engage women throughout the sector and in decision-making roles from which they have traditionally been excluded. The action will follow the Nigerian National Action Plan on Gender and Climate Change 2020."}, {"bbox": [96, 1139, 245, 1167], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Human Rights**"}, {"bbox": [96, 1167, 1164, 1247], "category": "Text", "text": "In general terms, the action will contribute to addressing the energy access gap, considered derived human right, Addressing energy poverty will help remove a significant socio-economic barrier that prevents many Nigeria, esp. in rural areas, from enjoying their formal rights."}, {"bbox": [96, 1258, 196, 1286], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Disability**"}, {"bbox": [96, 1285, 1164, 1445], "category": "Text", "text": "This action will not directly target persons with disabilities as the action is labelled as D0. However, access to affordable energy has an important impact on persons with disabilities as they tend to have higher energy needs. Since persons with mobility difficulties tend to spend more time at home, their energy bills are higher than for households without persons with disabilities and often they have fewer financial resources available to pay their energy bills. The key to overcoming the energy challenges faced by people with disabilities lies mainly in increasing access to affordable electricity, which is one of the objectives of this project."}, {"bbox": [96, 1456, 213, 1484], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Democracy**"}, {"bbox": [96, 1483, 1164, 1563], "category": "Text", "text": "By ensuring that energy services reach the most marginalised people, in a more inclusive and sustainable way, this action will enhance equal opportunities among targeted population and will contribute to reinforcing people's trust in the institutions and democratic governance."}, {"bbox": [96, 1574, 489, 1603], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Conflict sensitivity, peace and resilience**"}, {"bbox": [1027, 1680, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 12 of 29"}]