[{"bbox": [135, 156, 630, 184], "category": "List-item", "text": "* the domestic production of organic fertilisers;"}, {"bbox": [135, 186, 1133, 244], "category": "List-item", "text": "* the restoration of lost livestock assets and livestock service delivery systems destroyed in conflict and drought-affected parts of the country;"}, {"bbox": [135, 246, 1133, 361], "category": "List-item", "text": "* the establishment of complementary activities, such as monitoring market prices, mainstreaming rural employment for women and youth, promoting equal access and control over resources for men and women, defining methodologies on conflict resolution, and tailoring behavioural changes on nutritious food, to improve the effectiveness of the main activities."}, {"bbox": [97, 381, 1133, 556], "category": "Text", "text": "The first component (delivery of seeds) builds upon a similar component of Second Individual Measures (IM2), through a gradual approach: IM 2 responds to an emergency situation, relying on public sector intervention and aimed at providing mainly cereals. The Third Individual Measures (IM3) puts the emphasis on private sector development for horticulture seeds, thereby aiming at enriching the basic diet, and developing in the medium term the market offer. Furthermore, IM3 components put more emphasis on agroecology for soil fertility interventions."}, {"bbox": [97, 585, 1133, 700], "category": "Text", "text": "The components will be implemented for a duration of 60 months from the adoption by the Commission of the Financing Decision; the first component will be implemented by the Dutch Ministry of Foreing Affairs, which will also co-finance it in a Team Europe spirit. The action will contribute to the Great Green Wall initiative that Ethiopia is a part of."}, {"bbox": [85, 728, 322, 759], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [85, 794, 234, 820], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [97, 840, 1133, 956], "category": "Text", "text": "Ethiopia currently faces one of the most severe multidimensional crises in decades: internal conflicts, natural calamities (drought, food insecurity) exacerbated by climate change and environmental degradation, and economic challenges deriving also from the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine, compose a gloomy scenario which cannot be tackled but with an integrated set of activities."}, {"bbox": [97, 983, 1133, 1126], "category": "Text", "text": "After a resumption of hostilities in Northern Ethiopia on 24th of August, a “Permanent Cessation of Hostilities Agreement” was signed in Pretoria on 2nd November 2022 between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF). The Agreement offers hope for an end of the conflict, which has severely impacted the regions of Tigray, Amhara and Afar."}, {"bbox": [97, 1158, 1133, 1361], "category": "Text", "text": "Conflict and drought have had a devastating impact on the productivity of both agricultural and livestock activities, with significant loss of assets through destruction and looting, or because of drought. Furthermore, food affordability due to high food inflation presents a huge challenge throughout the country (including in areas not affected by drought or conflict), with an high proportion (30.8 % in 2019²) of the population under the global poverty line. Women and girls are disproportionally affected by these shocks, due to increased number of female-headed households, frequent loss of additional income and being traditionally responsible for managing the households."}, {"bbox": [97, 1389, 1133, 1534], "category": "Text", "text": "The 2021 Ethiopian Agricultural Sector Reform aimed at improving the role and participation of the private sector, at expanding small- to large-scale irrigation schemes, at improving supply of inputs and finance, at enhancing the productivity of livestock, protecting the environment and natural resources, at improving agricultural production methods and reducing post-harvest loss, at promoting research-based food security systems, and promoting import substitution by major agricultural crop production. Due to"}, {"bbox": [85, 1572, 1142, 1647], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ETH.pdf. This numbers refer only to “monetary poverty” (percentage of the population living below 2011 PPP US$1.90 per day). If we measure the Multidimensional poverty index, the figure is 30% higher)."}, {"bbox": [1130, 1655, 1144, 1676], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "4"}]