[{"bbox": [85, 153, 323, 186], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [85, 219, 234, 246], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [95, 264, 1164, 531], "category": "Text", "text": "While Ethiopia has long been considered a politically and economically stable country, in the past years, it has been facing several serious security crises with interrelated conflict dynamics in different areas, including in Amhara, Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz region. This, along with a two year civil war in Tigray has led to a crisis characterised by alarmingly high levels of food insecurity, gender-based violence, widespread displacement, limited access to basic services, and the deterioration of the local economy. Increased unemployment, especially among youth, a spike in living costs and surging economic inequalities have further caused growing frustrations that contribute to social unrest. In 2022, the country registered one of the highest numbers of IDPs globally, with 4.7 million IDPs (5.5 million in 2021) including 2 million returnees identified according to the UNHCR.³ A significant proportion of these displacements are conflict-induced, mainly related to ethnic and land/border disputes, while climate-induced displacement is mainly caused by drought and floods.⁴"}, {"bbox": [95, 531, 1164, 583], "category": "Text", "text": "Women and girls are disproportionally affected by displacement and the challenges that female IDPs and returnees\nare facing are different than the ones for men and require a separate approach and consideration."}, {"bbox": [95, 584, 1164, 714], "category": "Text", "text": "Internal displacement leads to a deterioration of living standards because of losing assets, capital, income and livelihoods. Women more often than men struggle to find new livelihood opportunities in host areas, are burdened with child and elderly care and are more prone to sexual and gender based violence. Due to displacement, around 35 % of women became unemployed and decreased the overall perception of their health status and access to health care services.⁵"}, {"bbox": [95, 728, 1164, 886], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite the high number of displacement affected people, limited efforts have been made to build resilience of affected\ncommunities and to create a peaceful environment, resulting in secondary and tertiary displacement, which contributes\nto enhance vulnerabilities. The recently signed agreement on Cessation of hostilities (November 2022) between the\nGovernment of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) paved the way to a \"permanent cessation of\nhostilities\" and is expected to restore peace and reconciliation in northern Ethiopia, preparing the ground for the\nenvisioned area based intervention."}, {"bbox": [95, 899, 1164, 1086], "category": "Text", "text": "The provision of support through an Individual Measure is consistent with a gradual approach in response to Ethiopia’s multiple crises. The increasing needs of the communities living in the most vulnerable situations in Ethiopia, in particular IDPs, HC, women and girls as well as PWDs must be addressed promptly and in complementarity with humanitarian assistance through the operationalisation of the HDP nexus. Ethiopia signed and ratified several international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)."}, {"bbox": [95, 1086, 1164, 1216], "category": "Text", "text": "The specific locations to implement the Action in the four target regions of Amhara, Afar, Tigray and Benishangul-Gumuz will be carefully selected taking into consideration the mixed nature and challenges of displacement, as well as : i) areas most affected by displacement and by conflict ii) concentration of fully voluntarily relocated of IDPs or projected relocation, iii) concentration of IDPs seeking local integration, iv) level of access to basic services and livelihoods."}, {"bbox": [95, 1218, 1164, 1404], "category": "Text", "text": "The action builds on the conducive policy environment for the protection and re-integration of IDPs, which encompasses the Ethiopian National Migration Policy, which is under finalisation,⁶ and the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (known as the Kampala Convention) recognising the need to protect the rights and wellbeing of IDPs. The Government of Ethiopia ratified the Convention on 13 February 2020. The action is also in line with the sector policies of the Government of Ethiopia, notably with the 2021 Water Resource Management Policy, the National Adaptation Plan of Ethiopia, the TVET Strategy and TVET Proclamation, Ethiopia’s Ten Years Development Plan (2021-2030), and the Ethiopian Job Creation Agenda."}, {"bbox": [85, 1471, 1123, 1548], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ UNHCR-Operational Data Portal, 31.10.2022; https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth;\nDue to operational constraints, IDP figures for the Tigray region are not included. In addition, parts of the Afar region remain inaccessible due to ongoing conflict and insecurity which has likely lowered the number of IDPs reported for the area. Though DTM expanded access in the Benishangul Gumuz region this round, access was still limited."}, {"bbox": [85, 1548, 1131, 1608], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ Disasters, mostly floods and drought, triggered 240,000 internal displacements in 2021. The most significant events were the Belg season rains in April and May, which triggered over 170,000 displacements across Afar, Oromia, Somali and SNNP. Drought triggered 54,000 in Afar, Oromia and Somali, more than twice the figure reported in 2020."}, {"bbox": [85, 1607, 477, 1627], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ EU Country Gender Profile – CGP Ethiopia (Europe.eu);"}, {"bbox": [85, 1626, 571, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ The policy document is finalised and is awaiting final official adoption."}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 26"}]