[{"bbox": [158, 153, 1072, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "and low income, informal workers (the large majority) who benefit from targeted social assistance and cash-transfer programmes, if they can qualify as poor or extremely poor⁴."}, {"bbox": [158, 217, 1073, 483], "category": "Text", "text": "The approval of a new National Policy for Development and Social Inclusion (PNDIS)⁵ in December 2022 is a step forward towards restructuring non-contributory social protection policy and schemes. The policy establishes the general framework for articulated interventions between the three layers of Government and has five strategic axes: Child nutrition, Early child development, Childhood and adolescence, Economic inclusion, and Protection of the elderly. It reaffirms the coordinating role of the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (MIDIS) who is the administrator of social and inclusion programmes and focuses on a new multi-dimensional concept of poverty, more focused on vulnerability factors than monetary considerations only. It also includes a dedicated focus on urban poverty, which is a much-needed reorientation, considering that social assistance programmes have traditionally been very ruraly oriented."}, {"bbox": [158, 495, 1073, 709], "category": "Text", "text": "High informality rates among urban as well as rural population, with a rise of informality to close to 80% after the COVID-19 pandemic, not only generates the exclusion of millions of workers from social security and the formal labour market but also affects the productive growth of the country. Stronger efforts are needed to tackle labour informality. The Sectoral Strategy for Labour Formalisation 2018-2021⁶, and the most recent National Decent Employment Strategy (PED 2022)⁷ both strive to address some of the challenges, including improving the articulation at municipal level with the creation of integrated centres to promote labour formalisation “Centros Integrados Formaliza Perú” and intermediation centres, “Centros de Empleo”."}, {"bbox": [158, 719, 1073, 934], "category": "Text", "text": "Another dimension of inequality is fuelled by alarmingly high rates of gender-based violence and gender stereotypes, which have resulted in aggravating inequalities for women and increasing the barriers to access (and remain in) the formal and informal markets, especially given increased housework and care overload responsibilities that women have assumed during the pandemic. The Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Population (MIMP), in line with the guidelines established in the National Policy for Gender Equality, has advanced with the definition of the Conceptual Framework to establish a National System of Care for people who require care and caregivers. Some pilot centres of the care system will start a pilot phase in 2023."}, {"bbox": [158, 944, 1073, 1052], "category": "Text", "text": "According to an ILO report of December 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected more than 800 groups of indigenous peoples, who are overly affected by poverty and informality, have few opportunities for decent work, and face obstacles in accessing education or participating politically⁸."}, {"bbox": [158, 1063, 1073, 1144], "category": "Text", "text": "Since 2017, the national protection and inclusion networks had to respond to a significant additional challenge with the Venezuelan humanitarian crisis, which led to a massive arrival of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Peru."}, {"bbox": [158, 1155, 1073, 1236], "category": "Text", "text": "According to UNHCR Global Trends Report⁹, the Venezuelan humanitarian crisis (before the war in Ukraine) is the crisis with the highest number of citizens displaced abroad and the third for number of refugee seekers (13 800 per 100 000 inhabitants). The Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for"}, {"bbox": [146, 1275, 1082, 1373], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ According to the National Statistics Institute (INEI) in 2021 monetary poverty affected 25.9% of the population and extreme poverty 4.1% of the population. The definition of poverty in Peru is monetary. A poor person is someone who lives on less than USD 3.3 dollar per day, an extremely poor person on less than USD 1.9 per day."}, {"bbox": [146, 1372, 1040, 1420], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ https://www.gob.pe/14234-ministerio-de-desarrollo-e-inclusion-social-politica-nacional-de-desarrollo-e-inclusion-social"}, {"bbox": [146, 1420, 1077, 1493], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/355675/Estrategia_Sectorial_para_laFormalizaci%C3%B3n_Laboral_2018-2021.pdf"}, {"bbox": [146, 1492, 1081, 1565], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/1948868/Pol%C3%ADtica%20Nacional%20de%20Empleo%20Decente%20-%20PED.pdf?v=1623777587"}, {"bbox": [146, 1565, 952, 1590], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_864176/lang--en/index.htm"}, {"bbox": [146, 1589, 678, 1614], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ UNHCR, Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2021, 2022"}, {"bbox": [976, 1666, 1082, 1691], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 27"}]