[{"bbox": [195, 153, 1073, 259], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The need to define an urban social protection strategy that provides dedicated social assistance and care services focusing on multi-dimensional vulnerability, horizontal inequalities and focuses on the very specific needs of the marginalised urban population, where poverty factors are very different from those of rural areas;"}, {"bbox": [195, 270, 1073, 325], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The need to digitalise and interconnect social protection databases and systems to generate updated information and improve targeting and focalisation of social protection programmes;"}, {"bbox": [195, 336, 1073, 418], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The need to upscale the services offered at territorial level by programmes such as *Cuna Más*, which offer fundamental day care services for families with young children, single parent's households and women."}, {"bbox": [158, 429, 576, 456], "category": "Text", "text": "Challenges in the contributory sector include:"}, {"bbox": [190, 467, 1073, 549], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The segmentation between different categories of labour and limited formalisation of the economy, with a formal workforce of around 20% only, and some 80% informal, either legally or illegally;"}, {"bbox": [190, 559, 1073, 611], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The politically difficult revision of the outdated and widely ignored regulatory framework for labour relations;"}, {"bbox": [190, 624, 1073, 678], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The major legal and regulatory disincentives for formalisation, discouraging also the growth of businesses;"}, {"bbox": [190, 690, 1073, 743], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The low attractiveness of the pension system, which results in a low rate of (voluntary) affiliation;"}, {"bbox": [190, 757, 1073, 834], "category": "List-item", "text": "- A regulation and jurisdiction in cases of dismissals of personnel, which although well-intentioned, is creating the adverse effect that employers avoid recruiting under formal labour contracts."}, {"bbox": [158, 849, 260, 876], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Migration"}, {"bbox": [158, 887, 1073, 1021], "category": "Text", "text": "Migrants and refugees residing in Perú face considerable challenges to access social protection and benefit of social programmes intervention. It is estimated that by the end of 2023 1.6 million Venezuelan refugees and migrants will reside in Perú. Of these, around 60% will not have a valid regular residence permit, which is a precondition to have access to social protection and hence social economic integration."}, {"bbox": [158, 1032, 1073, 1087], "category": "Text", "text": "The profile of migrants and refugees arriving from Venezuela has shifted from predominantly single adults to vulnerable families with young children, with very limited economic resources."}, {"bbox": [158, 1098, 1073, 1391], "category": "Text", "text": "According to the National Statistics Institute INEI, 93% of this population works in the informal sector, largely exceeding the already high informality of the Peruvian work force. Difficulties in obtaining recognition of qualifications is a specific barrier to entering into the formal labour market. Even if there is a gradual improvement in the regularisation and registration processes of migrants and hence improved access to some social services (especially education for children) a strategic improvement of the national protection system, making it more right based and inclusive will be required to ensure that migrant population can be included in social safety nets. Integration of migrants in host communities of higher affluence, Lima, Callao, bordering areas have proved successful when working directly with like-minded Municipalities. Expansion of specific social programmes (*Cuna más* of MIDIS, Employment centres of Ministry of Employment) have proved to offer a window of opportunity to generate inclusion at territorial level."}, {"bbox": [158, 1403, 287, 1430], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Employment"}, {"bbox": [158, 1441, 1073, 1549], "category": "Text", "text": "Peru is facing numerous labour market challenges: significant informality, low wages, youth unemployment and geographical, ethnic and gender discrimination. Informality, in addition to generating the exclusion of millions of workers from social security, also affects the productive growth. Indigenous peoples and rural workers are disproportionally affected by such informality."}, {"bbox": [976, 1666, 1081, 1691], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 8 of 27"}]