[{"bbox": [105, 164, 1165, 244], "category": "List-item", "text": "- Data protection and privacy concerns have contributed to the low uptake of e-services among Kenya's citizens and residents. Boosting consumer trust and interoperability will be critical to the development of digital platforms."}, {"bbox": [105, 245, 1165, 323], "category": "List-item", "text": "- A strongly supported body/function for the introduction of e-governance and coordination of digitisation, including the creation and implementation of interoperability and linked e-services is however crucial for a sustainable and trusted operating model, and creates a stronger accountability mechanism."}, {"bbox": [105, 324, 1165, 378], "category": "List-item", "text": "- Resistance to change poses a great challenge for implementing effective e-governance. Some reforms may interfere with behaviours that are deeply ingrained in the culture of public institutions."}, {"bbox": [105, 378, 1165, 458], "category": "List-item", "text": "- Gaps in digital skills hamper the process of migrating users and customers onto digital platforms and impede the development of new platforms. The building and strengthening of e-services must be accompanied by the development of digital skills among the users."}, {"bbox": [86, 515, 399, 546], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.5 The Intervention Logic"}, {"bbox": [96, 572, 1162, 652], "category": "Text", "text": "The underlying intervention logic for this action is that to facilitate a human-centred digitalisation process that contributes to a more inclusive & green growth in Kenya (impact), the intervention builds upon three pathways of change:"}, {"bbox": [96, 677, 1162, 970], "category": "Text", "text": "The first hypothesis of change is that if this Action is to contribute towards reducing inequalities (note that the TEI has been chosen by the Commission as 'Equality Flagship'), it has to bridge the digital gap first, as it would otherwise exacerbate existing inequalities. It has to contribute to increasing the number of people with access to affordable and accessible ICT, in particular in underserved and marginalised areas, and marginalised groups of the population. To make the intervention sustainable it is important to improve the capacity of GoK to scale up connections in the mid-term and improve the skills in the digital space of people currently excluded. If the Action improved only digital services for those already with access, it would deepen inequalities even if it contributed positively towards digitalisation. Further, facilitating access to underserved populations is not only a matter of infrastructure provision but of service delivery such as education including e-schooling and potentially e-health. The Action is not only reducing inequalities but also setting up a broader basis for democratic participation in an increasingly digital-dependent economy and society."}, {"bbox": [96, 995, 1162, 1182], "category": "Text", "text": "The second hypothesis of change is that strengthening digital skills in TVET will facilitate a transformation towards a sustainable digital economy in Kenya. To achieve this, concerned institutions should provide relevant digital skills to their enrolled students and ESOs to deliver services to their SME and start-up communities, whilst accelerating the operationalisation of the country's 2019 Digital Economy Blueprint. The assumption hereby is that intermediaries of the digital innovation ecosystem and TVET institutions will continue to play a central role in the digital transition of the Kenyan economy and population and that the MoICTI&YA will continue to be central in making the Digital Economy Blueprint actionable, also in view of regional integration."}, {"bbox": [96, 1208, 1162, 1501], "category": "Text", "text": "The third hypothesis of change is that in order to develop an open and secure e-governance system to enable sustainable digital transformation in Kenya, the Action must include both the development of an interoperability system, as well as support the creation of an enabling environment within which this can be implemented. The technical interoperability platform for secure data exchange will support the further development of existing trust services and strengthen e-service portals through improved interoperability. Components of existing identity solutions will be used to make recommendations for a secure digital identity. Adopting the 'once-only principle' (OOP) assures that the interoperability platform will use the most up to date data from the most valid source and that public sector institutions do not request for information from persons and/or businesses that already exist in the database of another public sector entity. The Action will identify most change-ready use cases in order to test the interoperability functioning between different e-governance service providers and show real life proof of concept to the end users. Such an approach will enable high scalability of e-services."}, {"bbox": [96, 1526, 1162, 1633], "category": "Text", "text": "Further, the intervention logic assumed that strengthening the capacities of the newly created Office of Data Protection Centre (ODPC) to realise its three-year strategy and improving its capacities, as well as those of data processors and controllers to put into practice data privacy standards will increase the capacities of relevant stakeholders to implement the Data Protection Act. The assumption hereby is that sufficient financial and human capacities at the ODPC should"}, {"bbox": [1028, 1682, 1143, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 18 of 30"}]