[{"bbox": [107, 151, 1136, 289], "category": "Text", "text": "5-year plan (PQG, 2019-2024), and ProAzul's Blue Economy Roadmap. These efforts reflect a recognition of the diverse level of development of the various blue economy maritime economic sectors. Some can be categorised as mature/established⁸ (fisheries, ports, maritime transport, shipbuilding and repair), some as immature or emerging (aquaculture, coastal tourism, minerals/hydrocarbons, maritime domain awareness), and some as virtually non-existent (marine renewable energy, desalination/water)."}, {"bbox": [107, 299, 1136, 646], "category": "Text", "text": "Due to limited capacities and resources available to the Government to put into practice strategies, enforce laws and regulations, and effectively promote private sector development, there are opportunities for development partners to play an active role in initiatives aimed at marine conservation and management and development of blue economy maritime economic sectors. The EU and its Member States are supporting Mozambique's efforts to develop the blue economy while ensuring marine conservation through the EU Green Deal Team Europe Initiative and many bilateral projects. Other important bi-lateral partners include the USA and Norway. Multi-lateral donors (World Bank, IFAD, African Development Bank, IFAD, IUCN, FAO) and charitable foundations and NGOs (WWF, Oceans5) are also active in funding blue-economy and marine conservation-related projects in the country. Current initiatives cover a broad range of themes and objectives, but with less attention given to emergent blue economy sectors. Mozambique is also a significant and active partner in Interreg cooperation programmes \"Mozambique Channel\" and \"Indian Ocean\" managed by the outermost regions of Mayotte and La Reunion. Moreover, there are challenges in institutional coordination and collaboration, and only initial efforts are being made to engage with private sector and leverage investment."}, {"bbox": [85, 706, 355, 739], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [107, 754, 1134, 810], "category": "Text", "text": "Several problems currently limit both private sector investment and sustainable growth of the blue economy and the conservation and protection of marine resources and ecosystems on which blue economy sectors depend."}, {"bbox": [107, 820, 947, 848], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Action for Blue Economy development and marine conservation is poorly coordinated**"}, {"bbox": [107, 858, 1136, 1073], "category": "Text", "text": "The 'blue economy' is a relatively new concept in Mozambique. While recent institutional developments have signalled the awareness by GoM of the interlinked complexities entailed by the concept, putting these intentions into practice is proving challenging. Many Ministries (and their departments and agencies, such as ProAzul) continue to work in silo and/or need capacity-building. Capacities at an individual and organisational level within government require strengthening to ensure that the GoM can provide a supportive enabling environment required by the private sector, while also ensuring it is equipped to regulate private sector activity to ensure environmental sustainability. Meanwhile, on the partners' side, donors have initiated a blue economy sector working group to facilitate coordination, but in practice coordination remains weak."}, {"bbox": [107, 1083, 1087, 1112], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Information and data on the Blue Economy is insufficient, and poorly consolidated and disseminated**"}, {"bbox": [107, 1122, 1136, 1311], "category": "Text", "text": "Current and potential stakeholders cannot count on available and systematized data on the Blue economy in Mozambique. Information, such as private sector investment opportunities, maritime/sea satellite account, localization of maritime sectoral activities, marine ecosystems or useful contacts, is either entirely not available or not consolidated for effective dissemination. This limits an integrated approach to blue economy governance by Government, stifles private sector investment, inhibits monitoring economic, social and environmental performance of the blue economy over time, and increases the risk of duplication of efforts to manage and develop the blue economy."}, {"bbox": [107, 1320, 1035, 1349], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Blue Economy value chains' development efforts fail to take a holistic and integrated approach**"}, {"bbox": [107, 1359, 1136, 1548], "category": "Text", "text": "A value chain approach to development offers enormous potential to improve the economic (e.g. value-added, competitiveness, trade), social (e.g. gender equality, inclusion, decent employment, food security), and environmental (e.g. climate change impacts, waste, pollution) performance of maritime sectors in Mozambique, as well as their resilience. It also recognises the links between core actors involved in different functions in the value chain (e.g. production, processing, trading, marketing), those supplying inputs (e.g. goods and services) and the enabling environment in which actors operate (e.g. legislative frameworks, infrastructure, government/partners support). Such an approach is often lacking in Mozambique, hampering the implementation"}, {"bbox": [85, 1597, 1144, 1647], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ This categorisation does not imply that mature/established sectors are functioning effectively, just that they have been in existence for some time and a relatively high level of economic activity"}, {"bbox": [1037, 1681, 1144, 1707], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 25"}]