[{"bbox": [108, 153, 1133, 234], "category": "Text", "text": "of coordinated planning, activities and investments. The fisheries and aquaculture sector is an example in point, with many over-exploited value chains, low value addition (with small profits, low wages and little revenues to government), inefficient investment and a poor enabling environment."}, {"bbox": [108, 245, 1040, 272], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Measures to conserve and rehabilitate marine ecosystems are poorly implemented and enforced**"}, {"bbox": [108, 283, 1134, 445], "category": "Text", "text": "Mozambique has recently developed a Marine Spatial Plan (MSP/POEM), established a network of marine protected areas (MPAs), enacted biodiversity offset legislation and has a legislative framework allowing for the creation of community management marine areas (CMMAs) and no-take reserves. However, implementation of the MSP is weak and enforcement of conservation areas poor, while formally approving CMMAs and developing them and the capacities of rights holders is challenging. Marine ecosystems thus remain under threat, posing a risk to Mozambique's natural capital and to the economic and social benefits they generate."}, {"bbox": [108, 456, 406, 481], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Local livelihoods under threat**"}, {"bbox": [108, 494, 1134, 682], "category": "Text", "text": "Small-scale fishing communities are typically located in remote areas struggling with access to markets which hinder their economic opportunities and are particularly vulnerable to climate change and ecosystems degradation. Moreover, they are often marginalised from decision-making processes and in the allocation of space and resources for potentially competing sectors such as tourism, coastal mining, conservation or industrial fishing. Women, youth, and vulnerable groups are often overlooked, leading to unequal opportunities and limited participation in the blue economy sectors. Discriminatory sociocultural norms persist, hindering women's empowerment and their role in resource governance."}, {"bbox": [108, 706, 1134, 788], "category": "Text", "text": "**The Stakeholders** to be covered by the Action are numerous and operate at many levels. They will be involved in a participatory and inclusive manner in the implementation of the Action, with women, youth and people with disabilities especially empowered to be active participants in the interventions."}, {"bbox": [108, 798, 1134, 1012], "category": "Text", "text": "At the **local level**, relevant stakeholders for the Action are coastal **communities** as rights-holders. These will include fisheries associations and community fisheries councils (CCPs) responsible for local areas of community management and no-take reserves. The action will promote their engagement in the consultations and decision-making process ensuring an active participation of women and people living in vulnerable situations. **Local authorities**, including District Service of Economic Activities (SDAE), Municipalities and relevant Provincial Directorates will be directly involved in the Action, and in particular, in value chains upgrading, local area management arrangements, and as part of private sector, community and government partnerships for conservation and development"}, {"bbox": [108, 1023, 1134, 1131], "category": "Text", "text": "The **private sector** to be supported and targeted by the Action includes: household and micro-enterprises particularly those led by women operating at the community level in the value chains to be upgraded; SMEs and more formal businesses operating and investing in the districts of operation; larger-scale companies with headquarters in Maputo but which may have a footprint in specific locations."}, {"bbox": [108, 1142, 1134, 1196], "category": "Text", "text": "Because of the cross-sectoral nature of the blue economy, multiple **central Government ministries** and their departments and directorates will be involved:"}, {"bbox": [108, 1207, 1134, 1367], "category": "Text", "text": "The Ministry of Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries (MIMAIP) will be particularly involved, in line with the Ministry's mandate to lead in blue economy development, along with its relevant directorates, including the Mozambican Oceanographic Institute (InOM), the National Administration of Fisheries (ADNAP), the National Directorate of Maritime and Fisheries Policies (DIPOL), the Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (IDEPA), the National Institute of Fish Inspection (INIP), and the Directorate of Studies, Planning and Infrastructure (DEPI)."}, {"bbox": [108, 1378, 1134, 1486], "category": "Text", "text": "The Ministry of Land and Environment (MTA) will also have a key involvement in the Action, because of its role in Mozambique's biodiversity commitments and climate change agenda, with its relevant agencies, the National Administration for Conservation Areas (ANAC) and the National Directorates of Environment (DNAB) and of Climate Change (DNAC)."}, {"bbox": [108, 1497, 1134, 1631], "category": "Text", "text": "Other relevant ministries and central institutions include the Ministry of Transport and Communication (MTC) and related National Institute of the Navy (INAMAR), the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MICULTUR) and the related Tourism National Institute (INATUR), the Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MIC), the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MIREME), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER), and the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Action (MGCAS)."}, {"bbox": [1037, 1681, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 25"}]