[{"bbox": [97, 153, 1132, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "forest-dependent communities, and 2) The forest-based value chains are not climate-sensitive, effective, equitable, gender balanced or environmentally sustainable."}, {"bbox": [97, 232, 1133, 366], "category": "Text", "text": "**Main causes of the first specific problem are:** Conversion of forest to monoculture timber plantations and to production of agricultural crops such as coffee and rubber, and illegal logging of high-value timber in natural forests. These problems again are caused by inappropriate forest management and protection models and management planning that is fragmented in product-based silos without sufficient consideration to the landscape as a whole and to climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the needs of the local community."}, {"bbox": [97, 392, 1133, 604], "category": "Text", "text": "**Main causes of the second specific problem are:** Inadequate awareness of and compliance to Vietnam NDC Implementation Plan, VNTLAS, EVFTA and the EUDR; insufficient investment in climate responsive forest-based processing industry, ecosystem services and nature-based tourism; inadequate ICT decision support for forest-based products market and for monitoring the NDC caused by, among other things insufficient capacity in maintaining the Forest Management Information System (FORMIS) platform and inadequate investment in ICT in non-governmental organisations; and inadequate institutional setup for climate responsive, equitable, integrated forest-based value chains. Low organizational capacity and inadequate bargaining power amongst the small holder forest owners is a major root cause for specific problem 2."}, {"bbox": [97, 630, 1132, 682], "category": "Text", "text": "In addition, the EUDR, once in operations, will have a significant impact on production of forest-based products such as timber, coffee, rubber and cashew that frequently cause encroachment into natural forests."}, {"bbox": [97, 710, 1133, 896], "category": "Text", "text": "Gender-based occupational segregation is common in forest ownership, forest management and in processing of forest-based products. Women are rarely found in leadership roles with decision-making power in the forest-based value chains in the Northwest and Central Highlands. Gender-based pay gaps are common in wood industry enterprises, many of which are informal micro-enterprises. In terms of green transition, women do not have sufficient access to technical, land, and financial resources for both climate mitigation and adaptation. Their inadequate participation in the political system at different levels hinders the inclusion of their specific priorities in preparedness and response programmes.⁸"}, {"bbox": [97, 923, 1133, 1105], "category": "Text", "text": "The communities depending on forests as their livelihood are typically poor and ethnic minorities. They are also communities in the most vulnerable situation affected by declining forest quality, by restrictions of access to forest and by climate change reducing community resilience. Additionally, persons with disability are one of the groups living in vulnerable situation and 79% of those living in poor ethnic minority households experienced multidimensional poverty. The disability rate in Vietnamese rural areas is 1.5 times higher than in urban areas, and many persons with disabilities have multiple disabilities, with around 4% experiencing difficulties in two or more functional domains.⁹"}, {"bbox": [97, 1109, 1132, 1161], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [97, 1188, 1133, 1373], "category": "Text", "text": "The **main stakeholders** can be divided in **four groups**: 1) Local communities and forest owners responsible for the protection of forests, and for the production of ecosystem services, timber and other forest-based products; 2) enterprises processing wood and non-wood products and offering nature-based tourism services; 3) associations of forest owners, producers of forest-based products and processing industries; and 4) relevant government agencies at local and national level. Other stakeholders include financing institutions, such as development banks, plantation investors and impact investors. Currently forest owners, forest industry and government are the main investors of the forestry sector in Vietnam."}, {"bbox": [97, 1400, 1132, 1452], "category": "Text", "text": "**Group 1: Local communities and forest owners responsible for the protection of forests, and for the production of ecosystem services, timber and other forest-based products.**"}, {"bbox": [97, 1454, 1133, 1560], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will focus on marginalised communities and those in vulnerable situation and ethnic minorities that rely on forests for their livelihood. Forest owners and local communities have a critical role in the supply of forest-based products and services. The main issues they are facing are low income from timber and other forest-based products and services, inadequate lobbying power in the market, and insufficient alternative livehood options"}, {"bbox": [86, 1598, 538, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ Vietnam Country Level Implementation Plan (CLIP)"}, {"bbox": [86, 1622, 906, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ Situational analysis of the rights of persons with disabilities in Vietnam. Country brief. UNPRPD"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1143, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 9 of 27"}]